腹腔镜袖状胃切除术治疗病态性肥胖症合并2型糖尿病的疗效及相关因素分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(LSG)治疗病态性肥胖症合并2型糖尿病的临床疗效,并分析影响疗效的相关因素.方法:回顾分析2013年7月至2018年7月为45例病态性肥胖症合并2型糖尿病患者行LSG的临床资料及随访情况,分析手术对患者体重及血糖的控制情况,并应用单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析影响体重及血糖控制效果...     

外科手术治疗肥胖及2型糖尿病的进展

肥胖与糖尿病是目前比较常见的代谢性疾病。近年随着人们生活水平的提高,肥胖症、2型糖尿病的发病率明显上升。减重代谢手术是有效治疗重度肥胖及糖尿病的方法,可改善、缓解肥胖带来的相关合并症,提高生活质量。随着外科技术的不断发展,尤其腹腔镜技术的发展,减重代谢手术也逐渐应用于肥胖患者。与常规药物治疗相比,接受减重手术的肥胖患者2型糖尿病改善、缓解率更高。目前减重手术方式很多,如腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术、腹腔镜下袖状胃切除术、腹腔镜下可调式胃束带术、胆胰分流+十二指肠转流手术、腹腔镜下袖状胃切除术附加空肠旁路术等。本文现就减重代谢手术的应用现状作一综述。     

机器人辅助袖状胃切除术操作指南(2020年版)

目前中国已有超过9000万的肥胖症患者、超过1亿的糖尿病患者,数量均居世界第一。越来越多的临床证据表明,袖状胃切除术在显著减轻患者体重的同时可有效改善糖尿病等肥胖相关合并症。随着机器人手术操作系统的普及与发展,其在视野、操作的灵活度与稳定性等方面的独特优势日益凸显。我国大陆地区机器人辅助袖状胃切除术于2015年初逐渐开展,但目前国内外尚无相应的规范手术操作指南。中国研究型医院学会微创外科学专业委员会、中国医药教育协会代谢病学专业委员会组织我国减重与代谢外科诸多专家撰写本指南,旨在推动国内机器人辅助袖状胃切除术操作的规范化与标准化进程,进一步保证其安全性与疗效。     

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术在减重与代谢外科中应用的评价

大量临床资料证明,减重．代谢手术是治疗肥胖及2型糖尿病长期有效的方法。其中腹腔镜袖状胃切除术由于操作简便、安全性高且疗效明显,近年来得到了迅速普及。随着相关研究的开展,减重与代谢外科领域对该术式的认识逐渐深入。本文就腹腔镜袖状胃切除术在减重与代谢外科中的应用现状做一文献综述。     

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外科治疗治疗肥胖合并2型糖尿病的临床疗效已得到国际公认。近期《新英格兰医学杂志》连续刊发2篇随机、对照研究显示:胃转流手术、袖状胃切除术及胆胰分流术均可降低血糖及血脂、控制糖尿病及其相应并发症的发生,对比内科治疗具有明显优势。目前,国内尚缺乏手术治疗2型糖尿病的前瞻性随机研究。详细分析这2篇文章中关于手术指征、术式选择、手术疗效、手术相关并发症及其防治的经验,对于指导国内相关研究的规范化治疗,可获得最佳的临床疗效,对规避医疗风险具有重要的指导意义。     

腹腔镜袖状胃切除术后远期效果分析

目的:评价腹腔镜袖状胃切除术治疗病态肥胖症的远期临床效果.方法:2005年9月至2009年9月为47例单纯性肥胖症患者施行腹腔镜袖状胃切除术,术后随访2年,观察体重指数变化和超重体重下降百分比.结果:术后患者均随访12个月以上,无严重并发症发生及营养不良,43例患者减重效果理想.结论:腹腔镜袖状胃切除术减重效果显著,远...     

袖状胃切除附加手术：肥胖与糖尿病治疗的新选择

代谢手术是治疗肥胖症和2型糖尿病的有效方法之一。袖状胃切除术因其操作简单、效果确切而被广泛接受,但单一的袖状胃切除术的减重及糖尿病缓解效果低于胃旁路术,并且存在术后复胖及糖尿病缓解率下降等问题。因此,近年来在袖状胃切除术基础上出现了多种旨在提高袖状胃切除疗效的附加术式,主要包括袖状胃切除加单吻合口十二指肠回肠旁路术（SADI-S）、袖状胃切除加十二指肠空肠旁路术（SG-DJB）、袖状胃切除加单吻合口十二指肠空肠旁路术（SADJB-SG）、袖状胃切除加改良空回肠旁路术（SG-MJIB）、SIPS术、袖状胃切除加空回肠侧侧吻合术（JI-SG）、袖状胃切除加空肠旁路术（SG-JJB）等。虽然有文献对个别这类术式进行过描述,但未发现有综合描述这一类手术的综述,故笔者对这类新术式进行归纳,以期为临床实践提供一定助益。     

腹腔镜袖状胃切除联合胃空肠转流术治疗肥胖症合并2型糖尿病

腹腔镜下胃空肠转流术与袖状胃切除术被广泛应用于治疗肥胖症。长期随访研究发现,两种手术对伴有2型糖尿病的肥胖症患者的糖尿病症状明显改善,其有效率超过90％[1]。2009年郑成竹等[2]对两种手术的亚太地区适应证总结为：排除内分泌所致的继发性肥胖,BMI＞ 35或BMI＞30同时合并有并发症者。基于以上基础,我院于2008年10月至2009年8月共对13例2型糖尿病患者施行袖状胃切除联合胃空肠转流术,获得明显疗效,报告如下。     

袖状胃切除复合手术的应用进展

正减重代谢外科起源于20世纪50年代,经过全世界减重代谢外科医师的不断验证与改进,减重手术现已被认定为治疗肥胖症等代谢性疾病的"金标准"。减重代谢外科在半个多世纪的发展中形成了多种经典手术方式。根据我国2019年最新修订后公布的《中国肥胖及2型糖尿病外科治疗指南》,目前被减重代谢外科广泛应用的术式包括三种:腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,LSG)、腹腔镜Rouxen-Y胃旁路术(laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gas-tric bypass,LRYGB)、胆胰转流十二指肠转位术(bil-iopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch,BPD/DS)~([1])。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术的研究现状

肥胖及肥胖引起的心血管疾病、高血压、高血脂等并发症已成为当今社会很严重的公共卫生问题。1975~2016年,全球大部分地区的肥胖症患病率呈现上升趋势,其中以亚洲地区的上升趋势尤为显著。到2016年,我国已是全世界肥胖症及2型糖尿病患者最多的国家。外科减重手术是目前治疗肥胖症及相关并发症的主要手段,其中应用最为广泛的减重手术为腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,LRYGB)、腹腔镜袖状胃切除术。笔者对LRYGB的研究现状做一综述。     

术中获得性压力性损伤预防专家共识

目的 形成《术中获得性压力性损伤预防专家共识》,为预防手术患者术中获得性压力性损伤提供实践指导。 方法 通过文献检索,提取术中压力性损伤预防相关的证据和专家推荐意见,形成初稿,通过2轮专家咨询和4次线上会议进行修改和完善。 结果 术中获得性压力性损伤预防专家共识内容包括术中获得性压力性损伤风险因素与护理评估、评估工具选择、评估时机选择、风险界定与分级、分级预防措施和管理6个方面。 结论 该共识基于证据与指南,通过循证方法构建,操作性、实用性强,可为手术患者术中获得性压力性损伤预防和手术室护理管理提供理论依据和实践指导。     

WSES重症急性胰腺炎管理指南（2019）解读

近年来重症急性胰腺炎的研究取得了一些进展,对临床的诊治有较为明显的影响。2018年在意大利贝蒂诺罗举行的世界急诊外科大会上,专家协作小组基于循证提出了重症急性胰腺炎管理的国际共识(使用GRADE证据质量分级),并于2019年6月发表于世界急诊外科杂志。该指南主要包括以下5个主题:重症急性胰腺炎的诊断、抗生素治疗、重症监护室的管理、外科及手术处理和腹腔开放,全面地总结概括了重症急性胰腺炎的临床诊治原则,反映了当前重症急性胰腺炎的治疗现状和进展,值得参考、学习和借鉴。     

国际胃袖状切除专家共识：基于〉12000手术病例的最佳操作指南

腹腔镜胃袖状切除术（1aparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,LSG）系相对较新的减重手术方式。因其操作相对简单、治疗肥胖合并疾病及减重效果明显,逐步得以广泛接受。目前美国代谢与减重手术协会将其推荐为肥胖症治疗的单独标准术式。2011年3月25～26日,     

Surgical management of an Irish cohort of BRCA-mutation carriers

Little information is available regarding the management of BRCA-related breast cancer in Ireland. A cancer genetics programme was initiated in 1992 at our institution to provide counselling and expert management for those with cancers resulting from inherited predisposition. We examined a cohort of BRCA mutation-carriers treated at a single institution over 16 years. A total of 107 women from 57 families were found to be carriers of mutations in BRCA1/2. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was the most common prophylactic surgery performed. Overall survival between BRCA-related and sporadic breast cancer was equivalent.This is the first publication on surgical management of BRCA-mutation carriers in Ireland. It is imperative that those considered likely to harbour a mutation are referred early to a dedicated clinic so that appropriate counselling, testing and subsequent management to reduce the risk of dying from cancer can be undertaken.     

International Sleeve Gastrectomy Expert Panel Consensus Statement: best practice guidelines based on experience of >12,000 cases

BackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an emerging surgical approach, but 1 that has seen a surge in popularity because of its perceived technical simplicity, feasibility, and good outcomes. An international expert panel was convened in Coral Gables, Florida on March 25 and 26, 2011, with the purpose of providing best practice guidelines through consensus regarding the performance of LSG. The panel comprised 24 centers and represented 11 countries, spanning all major regions of the world and all 6 populated continents, with a collective experience of >12,000 cases. It was thought prudent to hold an expert consensus meeting of some of the surgeons across the globe who have performed the largest volume of cases to discuss and provide consensus on the indications, contraindications, and procedural aspects of LSG. The panel undertook this consensus effort to help the surgical community improve the efficacy, lower the complication rates, and move toward adoption of standardized techniques and measures. The meeting took place at on-site meeting facilities, Biltmore Hotel, Coral Gables, Florida.MethodsExpert panelists were invited to participate according to their publications, knowledge and experience, and identification as surgeons who had performed >500 cases. The topics for consensus encompassed patient selection, contraindications, surgical technique, and the prevention and management of complications. The responses were calculated and defined as achieving consensus (≥70% agreement) or no consensus (<70% agreement).ResultsFull consensus was obtained for the essential aspects of the indications and contraindications, surgical technique, management, and prevention of complications. Consensus was achieved for 69 key questions.ConclusionThe present consensus report represents the best practice guidelines for the performance of LSG, with recommendations in the 3 aforementioned areas. This report and its findings support a first effort toward the standardization of techniques and adoption of working recommendations formulated according to expert experience.     

Managing mesh exposure following vaginal prolapse repair: a decision analysis comparing conservative versus surgical treatment

Introduction and hypothesis

A decision analysis model was developed comparing conservative and surgical treatments in the management of synthetic mesh exposure following vaginal prolapse repair. We hypothesized that surgical excision would be favored.

Methods

A Markov decision analysis model compared initial management with conservative versus surgical treatment allowing for the complexities of multiple attempts at conservative management and/or surgical mesh excision. Model assumptions were obtained from published literature or through surrogate values and expert consensus when not available in published resources. Transitions were made between Markov states at 6-week intervals and overall utility was compared over 2 years. Multiple one-way sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Initial surgical excision was favored, with an average yearly quality adjusted life year (QALY) value of 0.947 compared to 0.939 for conservative treatment. This difference is less than the published minimally important difference (MID) for utility values. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that surgical excision is favored when the probability of being healed with conservative therapy is less than 80 % (base case 57.1 %) and when the probability of being healed from surgery is greater than 78 % (base case 93.2 %). Few thresholds confirmed model robustness.

Conclusions

While our model favored surgical excision over conservative treatment in the initial management of mesh exposure following vaginal prolapse repair with synthetic mesh, the difference in QALYs between strategies was less than the MID. Therefore the strategies are likely similar overall. Individual patient characteristics may ultimately drive clinical decision-making for this surgical complication.     

Managing extracavitary prosthetic vascular graft infections: a pathway to success

Prosthetic vascular graft infections portend grave consequences if not treated expediently. Despite the low incidence of infection, the potential for limb loss or death greatly magnifies this complication. The surgical management of prosthetic graft infections has evolved over the last 2 decades. With the myriad therapeutic options now available, an algorithm is necessary to provide the optimal surgical treatment of Samson groups 1 through 5 extracavitary infected vascular prostheses. An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the most effective management schemes. The authors found that 3 factors--Samson classification, bacteriology, and patient vascular anatomy--are vital to the surgical strategy. These 3 criteria were examined, and an algorithm was developed based on successful clinical and experimental results. This review provides a step-by-step rationale for the surgical management of extracavitary prosthetic graft infections according to the most successful reported outcomes.     

2022年《美国内分泌外科医师学会继发性和三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症外科治疗指南》解读

肾源性甲状旁腺功能亢进症是慢性肾病病人常见的并发症。2022年9月美国内分泌外科医师学会和美国肾脏病学会发布了首部继发性和三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症外科治疗指南,基于循证医学证据对继发性和三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的病因、临床诊断、内科治疗、手术治疗比较及围手术期管理等提出了50项推荐意见,为继发性和三发性甲状旁腺功能亢症的标准外科治疗提供参考。相较于国内专家共识,该指南对三发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的手术原则展开了更详细的指导建议。     

Current management of severe pelvic and perineal trauma

Mortality associated with pelvic and perineal trauma (PPT) has fallen from 25% to 10% in the last decade thanks to progress accomplished in medical, surgical and interventional radiology domains (Dyer and Vrahas, 2006) [1]. The management strategy depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient (stable, unstable or extremely unstable). Open trauma requires specific treatment in addition to control of bleeding. All surgical centers can be confronted some day with patients with hemorrhagic PPT and for this reason, all surgeons should be familiar with the initial management. In expert centers, management of patients with severe PPT is complex, multidisciplinary and often requires several re-interventions. Obstetrical and sexual trauma, also requiring specific management, will not be dealt with herein.     

Abdominal tuberculosis: Is there a role for surgery?

It is important that surgeons are familiar with the various manifestations of tuberculosis(TB). Although TB has been declining in incidence in the developed world, itremains an important problem in endemic areas of the developing world. The aim of the review was to elucidate the natural history and characteristics of abdominal TB and ascertain the indications for surgery. TB can affect the intestine as well as the peritoneum and the most important aspect of abdominal TB is to bear in mind the diagnosis and obtain histological evidence. Abdominal TB is generally responsive to medical treatment, and early diagnosis and management can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention. Due to the challenges of early diagnosis, patients should be managed in collaboration with a physician familiar with anti-tuberculous therapy. An international expert consensus should determine an algorithm for the diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of abdominal TB.