离子液体在活性药物成分中的应用

离子液体具有独特的可调节的理化性能,近年来离子液体在活性药物成分中的应用成为国际上研究的前沿和热点.该文在介绍离子液体特性的基础上,综述了离子液体形式的活性药物成分的制备、表征和研究意义.     

鱼腥草活性成分提取工艺研究进展

目的:鱼腥草,作为药食两用的品种之一,含有黄酮、挥发油、多糖等药理成分,药效多样,然而成分复杂,导致药理成分的提取工艺不易掌握,就其活性成分的提取工艺研究进展展开综述,为后续的研究及应用提供参考。     

HPLC同时测定乐脉颗粒中的丹酚酸B和丹参素钠

目的建立同时测定乐脉颗粒中丹酚酸B和丹参素钠含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Shim-pack C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相A为甲醇,B为5%冰醋酸溶液,梯度洗脱。流速1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长286 nm;柱温35℃。结果丹酚酸B和丹参素钠分别在0.1933~2.8995、0.0807~1.2105μg线性关系良好,r均为0.9999,丹酚酸B和丹参素钠的平均回收率分别为98.54%、98.36%,RSD分别为0.69%、0.57%(n=6)。结论所建方法操作简便、结果准确,重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

地龙抗凝活性成分提取工艺的研究

目的研究地龙抗凝活性成分的提取工艺。方法以凝血酶时间（TT）为指标,考察地龙提取液中抗凝物质的活性大小,以紫外分光光度法测其蛋白含量为指标,用L9（3^4）正交试验考察地龙的提取工艺。结果地龙水提液的凝血酶时间与蛋白质含量成正相关（P〈0．01）;以蛋白质含量作为指标,地龙水提最优工艺为：用10倍量水浸泡15min,提取15min,第2次加10倍量水不浸泡、直接提取15min。结论为地龙抗凝活性成分的水煎提取和续分离的样品处理提供了实验依据。     

仙鹤草中降糖活性成分提取方法比较研究

目的考察不同提取方法对仙鹤草中降糖活性成分提取率的影响。方法以仙鹤草提取物降糖效率为指标,比较仙鹤草固流提取、超声提取、浸渍提取、渗漉提取等不同提取方法的提取率。结果回流提取法提取仙鹤草降糖活性成分,提取率最高。结论建议选用回流提取法作为仙鹤草降糖活性成分的最佳提取方法。该方法简单、稳定、可行。     

天然产物活性成分的抗抑郁作用研究进展

目的阐述近3年来天然产物活性成分的抗抑郁效果及其作用机制方面的研究现状。方法查阅国内外有关天然产物活性成分提取方法、抗抑郁活性的评估和作用机制等方面的最新研究资料,并进行总结评述。结果经抑郁症动物模型筛选,受试的天然产物活性成分大多具有较明显的抗抑郁作用。其作用机制可能涉及单胺能神经系统,但具体机制还有待深入研究。结论天然产物活性成分用于抗抑郁作用显著,无毒、安全,是未来筛选抗抑郁新药的重要资源。     

山茱萸抑菌活性成分提取分离与检测方法分析

目的探讨山茱萸抑菌活性成分提取分离与检测方法。方法使用生物活性追踪方法对中药山茱萸的抑菌活性成分进行提取、分离,并使用化学定性方法对活性成分进行检测。结果经薄层层析分离,得到三个组分,其中组分Ⅰ对金黄色葡萄球菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌没有抑菌活性,组分Ⅱ和Ⅲ对金黄色葡萄球菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌均有良好抑菌活性。组分Ⅰ、组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ和盐酸+镁粉进行化学定性检测,组分Ⅰ和盐酸+镁粉呈现阳性反应,说明组分Ⅰ是黄酮类化合物;组分Ⅰ、组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ和溴甲酚绿溶液进行化学定性检测,组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ和盐酸+镁粉呈现阳性反应,说明组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ是羧酸类化合物;组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ和三氯化铁-铁氰化钾溶液呈现阳性反应,说明组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ是酚酸类化合物。结论经比较分析发现,经70%乙醇提取的山茱萸提取物对各种菌种具有良好的抗菌活性,经分离、化学定性检测,初步确定山茱萸的抑菌活性成分是酚酸类化合物。     

槐花颗粒抗氧化成分提取液体外抗氧化活性及抑菌作用研究

目的 探讨槐花颗粒抗氧化成分提取液的体外抗氧化活性,以及其体外抑菌作用和作用机制.方法 采用乙醇水浴加热提取槐花颗粒的抗氧化成分,制备抗氧化成分提取液(质量浓度为2,4,6,8 mg/mL),以维生素C溶液(质量浓度为7 mg/mL)作阳性对照,考察提取液对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、超氧阴离子、过氧化...     

生物色谱法在中药活性成分筛选中的应用

对生物色谱法在中药活性成分筛选中应用的意义和现状进行了综述 ,探讨了生物色谱法在其发展中所面临的问题及对策     

鲜无蹼壁虎抗肿瘤活性成分提取分离的初步研究

摘 要 目的： 研究鲜无蹼壁虎抗肿瘤活性成分的提取分离。方法: 不同浓度乙醇以不同方法进行提取,提取物经过反复冻融脱蛋白质脱脂肪分离后经高效液相法分离纯化,采用MTT比色法检测其抗肿瘤活性。结果: 85％乙醇超声提取工艺Ⅲ组A值为0.548±0.045,抑瘤率最高,与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:药效学实验结果表明85％乙醇超声提取为最佳提取工艺。     

Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD

The chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of P. notoginseng. The chromatograms showed that there was significant difference between underground (root, fibre root, rhizome) and aerial (leaf and flower) parts from P. notoginseng, though the similarities of entire chromatographic patterns among tested samples from underground (0.965 ± 0.029, n = 12) and aerial parts (0.987 ± 0.014, n = 5) were similar, respectively. Especially, no saponin was detected in the seed of P. notoginseng. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on eight investigated saponins or the ratios of contents for ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3/Rb1 showed that the samples from different parts of P. notoginseng were divided into three main clusters. One cluster was underground parts, which contained rich protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol types saponins. The leaf and flower were in the same cluster, which contained protopanaxadiol type saponins only. Especially, ginsenoside Rc, Rb2 and Rb3, rare in the underground parts, were rich in aerial parts of P. notoginseng. The stem of P. notoginseng was another cluster. Based on the cluster analysis, the chemical characteristics for different parts of P. notoginseng were revealed. They are composite cluster (underground parts), protopanaxadiol cluster (aerial parts) and interim (stem) cluster, which was the one between the two typical clusters, respectively. The result shows that chemical characteristics of underground parts and aerial parts from P. notoginseng are obviously different, which is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.     

Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for Z-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis

Pressurized liquid extraction, one of the most promising and recent sample preparation techniques, offers the advantages of reducing solvent consumption and allowing for automated sample handling. It is being exploited in diverse areas because of its distinct advantages. However, because the extraction is performed at elevated temperatures using PLE, thermal degradation could be a concern. Z-ligustilide, one of the biologically active components in Angelica sinensis, is an unstable compound, which decomposes rapidly at high temperature. In this study, we carried out a comparative study to evaluate PLE as a possible alternative to current extraction methods like Soxhlet and sonication for simultaneous extraction of Z-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in A. sinensis. The operating parameters for PLE including extraction solvent, particle size, pressure, temperature, static extraction time, flush volume and numbers of extraction were optimized by using univariate approach coupled with central composite design (CCD) in order to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. Determination of Z-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid were carried out by means of high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector. The results showed that PLE was a simple, high efficient and automated method with lower solvent consumption compared to conventional extraction methods such as Soxhlet and sonication. PLE could be used for simultaneous extraction of Z-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in A. sinensis.     

Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD

The chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of P. notoginseng. The chromatograms showed that there was significant difference between underground (root, fibre root, rhizome) and aerial (leaf and flower) parts from P. notoginseng, though the similarities of entire chromatographic patterns among tested samples from underground (0.965 ± 0.029, n = 12) and aerial parts (0.987 ± 0.014, n = 5) were similar, respectively. Especially, no saponin was detected in the seed of P. notoginseng. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on eight investigated saponins or the ratios of contents for ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3/Rb1 showed that the samples from different parts of P. notoginseng were divided into three main clusters. One cluster was underground parts, which contained rich protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol types saponins. The leaf and flower were in the same cluster, which contained protopanaxadiol type saponins only. Especially, ginsenoside Rc, Rb2 and Rb3, rare in the underground parts, were rich in aerial parts of P. notoginseng. The stem of P. notoginseng was another cluster. Based on the cluster analysis, the chemical characteristics for different parts of P. notoginseng were revealed. They are composite cluster (underground parts), protopanaxadiol cluster (aerial parts) and interim (stem) cluster, which was the one between the two typical clusters, respectively. The result shows that chemical characteristics of underground parts and aerial parts from P. notoginseng are obviously different, which is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.     

A rapid method for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids in Epimedium using pressurized liquid extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Herba Epimedii (family Berberidaceae), Yinyanghuo in Chinese, is one of commonly used Chinese medicines. Flavonoids are considered as its active components. In this study, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids, including hexandraside E, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, hexandraside F, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, epimedoside C, baohuoside II, caohuoside C, baohuoside VII, sagittatoside A, sagittatoside B, 2'-O-rhamnosyl icariside II and baohuoside I in different species of Epimedium. The analysis was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC system with an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm x 2.1mm I.D., 1.7 microm) and gradient elution of 50mM acetic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile within 12 min. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.9997) within test ranges. The LOD and LOQ were lower than 0.13 and 0.52 ng on column, respectively. The R.S.D.s for intra- and inter-day of 15 analytes were less than 5.0% at three levels, and the recoveries were 95.0-103.7%. The validated method was successfully applied to quantitatively analyze 15 flavonoids in different species of Epimedium. The results showed there were great variations among the contents of investigated flavonoids. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on characteristics of 15 investigated compounds peaks in UPLC profiles showed that 37 samples were divided into 3 main clusters, which were in accordance with their flavonoids contents. The simulative mean chromatogram of the high content cluster was generated to compare the samples from different species and/or locations of Epimedium. Four flavonoids including epimedin A, B, C and icariin were selected as markers for quality control of the species of Epimedium used as Yinyanghuo.     

HPLC 测定乐脉丸中赤芍的含量

目的：建立乐脉丸中赤芍含量的HPLC测定方法。方法采用色谱柱为Waters Symmetry Shield RP18（5μm,3．9mm ＆#215;150mm）;流动相为乙腈-0．05％磷酸（13∶87）;检测波长为230nm。结果芍药苷的进样量在0．20403～2．04032μg （ r ＝0．9999）范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为101．5％和100．3％,RSD分别为1．5％和1．4％（n＝6）。结论 HPLC测定乐脉丸中赤芍的含量方法简便、快速准确、灵敏度高,重复性好,可作为乐脉丸中赤芍的含量测定。     

复元醒脑颗粒的提取工艺研究

目的 研究复元醒脑颗粒的提取工艺及其工艺优化。方法 采用常规提取方法结合药效学实验确定初步提取工艺,使用正交试验法对提取工艺进行优化。结果 乙醇回流提取后,水煎煮提取、乙醇沉淀,过滤,浓缩制得浸膏。最佳乙醇回流提取方案为提取2次;乙醇浓度为50%;料液比：第1次8倍,第2次6倍;提取时间：第1次120 min,第2次80 min。最佳水煎煮提取方案为提取2次;提取时间：第1次120 min,第2次80 min;提取温度为100℃;液料比：第1次10倍,第2次8倍。最佳乙醇沉淀工艺为乙醇浓度80%,乙醇用量为2倍,提取时间为16 h。结论 采用本优化工艺提取的浸膏制成的复元醒脑颗粒,质量符合《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版（四部）（0104颗粒剂）中的要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方清肺饮颗粒中淫羊藿苷的含量研究

目的：建立用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定复方清肺饮颗粒中淫羊藿苷含量的方法。方法采用C18色谱柱（200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm三津特纳）;流动相：乙腈-水（30：70）;检测波长：270 nm。考察供试品和（或）对照品溶液的线性关系,HPLC的精密度、稳定性、重复性以及加样回收率试验和样品测定。结果淫羊藿苷在4~36μg/ml（r=0.9998）范围内有良好的线性关系。平均回收率为98.11%,RSD为2.55%。结论采用HPLC测定复方清肺饮颗粒中淫羊藿苷含量操作方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,重复性好,可有效地用于复方清肺饮颗粒的质量控制。     

Isolated perfused lung extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS(n) analysis for predicting bioactive components of Saposhnikoviae Radix

A novel strategy for predicting bioactive components in traditional Chinese material herb was proposed, using isolated perfused rat lung (IPL) extraction and high performance liquid chromatography\tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS(n)) analysis. The hypothesis is that when the IPL is perfused with the extract of Saposhnikoviae Radix (ESR), the potential bioactive components in the ESR should selectively combine with the receptor or channel of lung, by changing the pH of perfused liquid, the combining components would be eluated and then detected by HPLC-ESI-MS(n). Five compounds were detected in the desorption eluate of IPL; among these compounds, two potential bioactive compounds, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (2) and 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (4) were identified by comparing with the chromatography of the standard sample, and three other compounds, i.e. cimifugin (1), 5-O-methylvisamminol (3) and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (5) were determined by analysis of the structure clearage characterization of mass spectrometry. The application of IPL extraction coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS(n) for predicting potential bioactive components of TCMs is rapid, convenient, operational, economic and reliable.     

Quantitative determination of eight components in rhizome (Jianghuang) and tuberous root (Yujin) of Curcuma longa using pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) is a native plant of southern Asia and is cultivated extensively throughout the warmer parts of the world. Jianghuang and Yujin are rhizome and tuberous root of C. longa, respectively, which were traditionally used as two Chinese medicines. In this paper, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were developed for quantitative determination/estimation of eight characteristic compounds including beta-caryophyllene, ar-curcumene, zingiberene, beta-bisabolene, beta-sesquiphellandrenendrene, ar-turmerone, alpha-turmerone and beta-turmerone in Jianghuang and Yujin. A HP-5MS capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d.) coated with 0.25 microm film 5% phenyl methyl siloxane was used for separation and selected ion monitoring (SIM) method was used for quantitation. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on characteristics of eight identified peaks in GC-MS profiles showed that 10 samples were divided into two main clusters, Jianghuang and Yujin, respectively. Four components such as ar-curcumene, ar-turmerone, alpha-turmerone and beta-turmerone were optimized as markers for quality control of rhizome (Jianghuang) and tuberous root (Yujin), which are two traditional Chinese medicines, from Curcuma longa.