Survivin和APC蛋白在原发性胆囊癌中的表达及意义

目的：研究survivin和APC蛋白在原发性胆囊癌中的表达情况，并分析其与病理特征可能关系。方法：收集胆囊癌标本50例、胆囊腺瘤20例、慢性胆囊炎20例。应用免疫组织化学方法检测survivin蛋白和APC蛋白的表达情况，同时收集胆囊癌患者的病理资料，并将结果进行分析。结果：（1）survivin蛋白在胆囊癌、胆囊腺瘤及慢性胆囊炎组织中阳性表达率分别为64％（32／50）、20％（4／20）和10％（2／20），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。胆囊癌组与胆囊腺瘤组及胆囊炎组比较差异均具有显著性（P〈0．05）。Survivin阳性表达与病理资料均无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。（2）APC蛋白在胆囊癌、胆囊腺瘤及慢性胆囊炎组的阳性表达率分别为48％（24／50）、85％（17／20）及90％（18／20），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。胆囊癌组阳性表达率显著低于胆囊腺瘤组和慢性胆囊炎组（P〈0．05）。APC蛋白的表达水平与患者的病理资料均无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。（3）Survivin阳性表达与APC蛋白表达呈明显负相关（rs=-0．530，P=0．000）。结论：胆囊癌组Survivin蛋白的表达显著高于胆囊腺瘤及胆囊炎组，说明凋亡可能在胆囊癌的发生中起重要作用；survivin和APC蛋白在胆囊癌中的表达呈明显的相关性，可能在胆囊癌的发生中起协同作用。     

p53和bcl-2蛋白过度表达与大肠癌生物学行为的关系

目的：探讨p53蛋白和bcl－2蛋白共同表达与大肠癌生物学行为的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学染色ABC法检测p53蛋白及bcl－2蛋白在67例大肠癌组织中的表达。结果：全阴性组和p53阴性bcl－2阳性组的PCNA增殖指数低于p53阳性bcl－2阴性组及全阳性组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。全阳性、p53阳性bcl－2阴性组及p53阴性bcl－2阳性组均多呈浸润性生长（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。全阳组浸润深度多至浆膜外（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。两蛋白全阴性组5年生存率高（P＜0．05）。P53和bcl－2蛋白表达与大肠癌Dukes分期、淋巴结转移和组织学类型均无统计学意义。结论：bcl－2蛋白表达对细胞增殖的相关性不大。主要是p53蛋白的作用。只要有1种蛋白表达时大肠癌即多呈浸润性生长，两种蛋白全部阳性组浸润深度较深，蛋白全部阴性组的预后较好，提示p53和bcl－2蛋白的表达情况可部分地反映大肠癌的生物学行为。     

胆囊良恶性病变Skp2和E2F1表达及其临床病理意义

目的研究胆囊腺癌、癌旁组织和慢性胆囊炎组织中Skp2和E2F1表达及其临床病理意义。方法108例胆囊腺癌、46例癌旁组织和35例慢性胆囊炎组织常规制作石蜡包埋切片,Skp2和E2F1染色采用免疫组化SP法。结果胆囊腺癌Skp2和E2F1表达阳性率及其评分明显高于癌旁组织和慢性胆囊炎（P〈0.01）;腺瘤癌变或高分化腺癌、肿块最大径〈2 cm、无淋巴结转移及未侵犯周围组织的病例Skp2和E2F1表达阳性率及其评分明显低于低分化腺癌或黏液腺癌、肿块最大径≥2 cm、淋巴结转移及侵犯周围组织病例（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;胆囊癌中Skp2和E2F1表达呈密切正相关（r=0.56,P〈0.01）。结论Skp2和E2F1表达可能是反映胆囊癌发生、进展、生物学行为和预后的重要生物学标记物。     

59例胆囊癌病理分期、手术方式与预后分析

目的：探讨胆囊癌病理分期、手术方法与预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析2002年1月至2012年12月我院59例行手术治疗的胆囊癌患者的临床资料,其中Nevin分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期分别为2、12、22、12、11例;采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-Rank法对其病理分期、手术方法与预后的关系进行统计分析。结果：59例中48例获随访,随访时间0．5～126个月,平均20．4个月。48例手术治疗的胆囊癌患者总体中位生存时间35．6个月。Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期、Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期胆囊癌患者中位生存时间分别为92．4个月、16．9个月和3．5个月,Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期、Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期胆囊癌患者生存率均高于Ⅴ期患者（P＜0．05）,Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期胆囊癌患者生存率高于Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期患者（P＜0．05）。单纯胆囊切除组、根治性手术组、姑息性手术组患者的中位生存时间分别为45．8个月、45．8个月和3．6个月,单纯胆囊切除组、根治性手术组患者生存率均高于姑息性手术组患者（P＜0．05）,而单纯胆囊切除组与根治性手术组患者生存率差别无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论：胆囊癌患者Nevin分期越早,预后越好。依据病理分期选择相应的术式,单纯胆囊切除与根治性切除患者术后均可获得长期生存。单纯胆囊切除、根治性切除患者预后优于姑息性手术患者。     

口腔鳞癌中S100A4蛋白和E-cad的表达及意义

目的 探讨口腔鳞状细胞癌（oral squarnous cell carcinoma,OSCC）中S100A4蛋白和上皮钙粘蛋白（E—cadherin,E—cad）的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测61例OSCC组织中S100A4、E—cad表达情况,分析二者的表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果 S100A4蛋白的表达与组织学分级无关（P〉0．05）,与淋巴结转移呈正相关（P〈0．05）;E-cad的表达与组织学分级呈正相关（P〈0．05）,与淋巴结转移呈负相关（P〈0．05）;S100A4蛋白和E—cad的表达呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 E-cad对OSCC的分化起重要作用;E-cad、S100A4蛋白和OSCC的侵袭和转移密切相关;S100A4蛋白和E-cad的表达与口腔鳞癌的进展密切相关,是判断口腔鳞癌生物学行为、预测转移趋势的有价值的指标。     

VEGF和C-myc表达在胆囊癌形成、发展和转移中的作用

应用免疫组化ABC法对30例胆囊癌的癌组织VEGF和C－myc的表达进行检测，以探讨VEGF和C－myc在胆囊癌中的表达和二者之间的相关性以及胆囊癌形成，发展和转移中的作用。结果发现VEGF和C－myc二者在胆囊癌组织和正常胆囊组织中的阳性表达率均有显著性差异（P＜0．05），VEGF与C－myc的表达呈非常显著的相关性（P＜0．01），二者的表达与胆囊癌的转移行为有关，而与肿瘤的分化程度无关，VEGF与C－myc基因协同作用在胆囊癌形成，发展和转移中起着重要作用。     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤中Skp2、p27kipl、E-cad的表达

目的检测Skp2、p27kipl和E-cad在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达情况及其相互关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法，检测99例卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中Skp2、p27kipl及E-cad的表达。结果p27kipl在卵巢良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤的表达率分别为76．5％、70．6％高于卵巢癌29．2％（P〈0．05），在早期癌中的表达高于晚期癌（P〈0．05）。Skp2在卵巢良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤的表达率分别为0、23．5％，均低于卵巢癌50．8％（P〈0．05），在早期癌的表达低于晚期癌（P〈0．05）。卵巢癌中skp2表达与组织分化有关，在低分化癌的阳性表达率高于高分化癌（P〈0．05），在组织学类型方面，浆液性癌中skp2的阳性表达率高于非浆液性癌（P〈0．05）。E—cad在良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤和卵巢癌表达率分别为88．2％、82．4％、55．4％，恶性组低于良性组（P〈0．05）。E—cad在早期癌的表达率高于晚期癌（P〈0．05）。Skp2表达与p27kipl表达呈负相关（P〈0．05），E-cad表达与p27kipl表达呈正相关（P〈0．05），而E-cad表达与Skp2表达则呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论skp2过度表达与p27kipl表达减少可能与卵巢上皮性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，而E-cad在晚期卵巢癌中表达降低可能反映了卵巢癌分化程度的降低。     

卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤MUC1、MUC2的表达及其意义

目的探讨卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤中黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2的表达与临床病理特征的相关性。方法免疫组化S—P法检测90例卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤的黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2的表达,并对其中50例恶性病例作生存分析。结果（1）交界性与恶性卵巢肿瘤中黏蛋白MUC1的表达阳性率明显高于良性肿瘤,差异有显著性（P〈0．001）;黏蛋白MUC1与WHO病理分级、FIGO临床分期、大网膜转移显著相关（P〈0．05）。（2）黏蛋白MUC2与组织学类型、WHO病理分级相关（P〈0．05）。（3）黏蛋白MUC1与MUC2呈负相关（P〈0．05）。（4）对50例恶性浆液性和黏液性肿瘤进行的生存分析中,单因素分析显示：WHO病理分级、FIGO临床分期、大网膜转移、MUC1表达程度与预后相关（P〈0．05）,而多因素分析中只有FIGO临床分期、MUC1表达程度具有独立的预后意义（P〈0．05）,Kaplan—Meier生存曲线分析显示,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期生存率差异有显著（P〈0．01）,MUC1阳性组和阴性组生存率差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2与恶性卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤的浸润、转移相关,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤、MUC1强表达可作为恶性卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤预后不良的可行性指标。     

早期胆囊癌癌基因的表达

目的：研究从慢性胆囊炎，胆囊腺瘤至早期胆囊癌等多阶段发展过程中多种癌基因变化，进一步按摩胆囊癌的发病机理，寻找胆囊癌早期诊断的肿瘤标志物。方法：采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测慢性胆囊炎、胆囊腺瘤及早期胆囊癌的ｎｍ２３、ｐ５３、ｒａｓ、ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２等癌相关基因蛋白的表达。结果：①ｎｍ２３、ｐ５３、ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｒａｓ及ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因在胆囊腺瘤及早期胆囊癌中有表达；②着色强度随病变发     

大肠癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2和基质金属蛋白酶-9的表达

目的：探讨大肠癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶－2（MMP－2）和基质金属蛋白酶－9（MMP－9）的表达与临床病理参数之间的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学S－P法检测87例大肠癌组织中MMP－2和MMP－9的表达情况。结果：87例大肠癌组织中MMP－2和MMP－9的表达阳性率分别为56．3％和55．2％。MMP－2和MMP－9在侵及肌层的阳性表达率明显低于侵及浆膜层，淋巴结转移阳性组高于淋巴结转移阴性组，差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。Dukes分期中，C、D期中MMP－2和MMP－9的阳性表达率明显高于A、B期（P＜0．05），而与性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、组织学类型和分化程度均无关（P＞0．05）。结论：MMP－2和MMP－9可能在大肠癌浸润转移过程中发挥重要作用。     

结直肠癌、结直肠腺瘤微卫星不稳定性检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨微卫星不稳定性（ＭＳＩ）在结直肠癌发生中的意义及其与结直肠癌细胞增殖活性和预后的关系,方法 采用聚合酶链反应－简单序列长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＬＰ）及免疫组化ＳＰ方法,对５６例结直肠癌,９例腺瘤及６例腺瘤癌变的ＭＳＩ和增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达进行了检测。结果 显示结直肠癌ＭＳＩ总阳性率为４４．６４％（２５／５６例）,共中遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌３／４例阳性,散发性结直肠癌２２／５２     

Proliferation Markers and EGF in ACTH-Secreting Adenomas and Carcinomas of the Pituitary

Pituitary carcinomas are only defined by their metastatic growth, which may be intracranial or systemic. To establish further morphological and immunohistochemical differences between pituitary carcinomas and adenomas, 19 ACTH-secreting adenomas (10 non invasive and 9 invasive) and 2 ACTH-secreting carcinomas with their metastases were studied for expression of the intermediate filaments keratin and vimentin and the tumor-associated antigens Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), cathepsin D, p53, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Immunohistochemistry was performed using avidin-biotin techniques on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. With the exception of one noninvasive pituitary adenoma, one carcinoma, and the metastases, all tumors contained keratin; none contained vimentin. All tumors stained negative for CEA and p53. Eleven (58.5%) adenomas and both pituitary carcinomas contained Ki67-positive nuclei; 14 (74%) adenomas and one carcinoma revealed PCNA. No correlation was found between the two markers. Seven (38%) adenomas showed a labeling index <1 % for cathepsin D, whereas none of the carcinomas or metastases did so. EGF was found in 7 (38%) adenomas and in both carcinomas. A tendency to a higher rate of EGF positivity in the invasive adenomas was observed. The metastases showed a higher labeling index, and far more intense staining results for Ki67, PCNA, and EGF than the primary tumor. The metastases also had a higher proliferation rate and growth factor content than the carcinoma itself.     

p53 Protein,PCNA staining,and DNA content in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland

Forty-nine follicular adenomas and 11 follicular carcinomas of the thyroid were investigated by immuno-histochemistry for the expression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The DNA ploidy and the S-phase fraction (SPF) of the neoplasms were analysed by flow cytometry. Twelve adenomas (24 per cent) and six carcinomas (55 per cent) were DNA non-diploid (P=0·07). The carcinomas had a higher proliferation rate than the adenomas when assessed either by SPF size (median 9·9 per cent vs. 2·9 per cent, P=0·0003) or by PCNA staining intensity (P<0·0001). Some scattered nuclei in two (4 per cent) adenomas and in three (27 per cent) carcinomas stained positively for p53 (P=0·04). The two adenomas with positive staining for p53 were subserially sectioned, but no signs of invasion were found; both patients are alive and well 6 and 7 years after surgery. One of the two adenomas showing positive p53 nuclear staining was DNA aneuploid, and both were positive in PCNA staining, but their SPFs were low (2·1 and 3·3 per cent). We conclude that p53 protein expression is not confined to follicular carcinomas; scattered p53-positive cells may also be present in histologically and clinically benign follicular adenomas. Because both follicular adenomas and carcinomas may be DNA aneuploid and their SPF and PCNA staining distributions overlap, the distinction between follicular adenoma and carcinoma should still be based on histological criteria.     

Clinicopathologic significance of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 and Tat-interacting protein 30 expression in benign and malignant lesions of the gallbladder

Gallbladder cancers are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. To find specific biological markers for early diagnosis and prognosis and to develop possible alternative treatment strategies, we examined minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) and Tat-interacting protein 30 (TIP30) expression in 108 gallbladder adenocarcinomas, 15 gallbladder polyps, 35 chronic cholecystitis tissues, and 46 peritumoral tissues using immunohistochemistry. Expression of MCM2 was significantly higher in adenocarcinomas than in peritumoral tissues (χ2 = 8.41; P < .01), adenomatous polyps (χ2 = 6.81; P < .01), and chronic cholecystitis (χ2 = 21.00; P < .01). In contrast, Tat-interacting protein 30 expression was significantly less in adenocarcinomas than in peritumoral tissues (χ2 = 13.26; P < .01), adenomatous polyps (χ2 = 4.76; P < .05), and chronic cholecystitis (χ2 = 18.93; P < .01). The benign lesions in gallbladder epithelium with positive MCM2 or negative Tat-interacting protein 30 expression showed moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia. Expression of MCM2 and absence of Tat-interacting protein 30 were significantly associated with poor differentiation, large tumor mass, lymph node metastasis, and invasion of adenocarcinoma. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that either elevated MCM2 (P = .006) or lowered Tat-interacting protein 30 (P = .006) expression was closely associated with shorter overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that expression of MCM2 (P = .007) or nonexpression of Tat-interacting protein 30 (P = .009) was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis in adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that overexpression of MCM2 or loss of expression of Tat-interacting protein 30 is closely related to carcinogenesis, progression, biological behavior, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.     

胆囊癌组织蛋白质组研究及膜联蛋白A3表达的临床病理意义

目的 通过分离并鉴定胆囊癌和胆囊良性组织的差异表达蛋白质,以发现可能用于早期诊断或治疗的胆囊癌肿瘤标志物.方法 提取人胆囊癌和胆囊良性组织(各6例)的总蛋白质,用双向电泳分离蛋白并进行比较.选择在胆囊癌组织中明显差异表达的蛋白点,行质谱分析.采用免疫组织化学EliVision法,对50例原发性胆囊癌38例慢性胆囊炎组织中膜联蛋白A3表达进行检测,分析胆囊癌中膜联蛋白A3的表达状况及其与胆囊癌临床病理指标和预后的关系.结果 获得了分辨率和重复性均很好的凝胶蛋白图谱.对筛选出的在胆囊癌组织中明显差异表达的46个蛋白点,共有17种蛋白质被成功鉴定,其中在胆囊癌组织中高表达9个,低表达8个.膜联蛋白A3在胆囊癌组织中表达的阳性率明显高于慢性胆囊炎组织,差异有统计学意义(74.0%:21.1%,P<0.01),其表达水平与胆囊癌患者年龄、性别及组织学类型等因素均无明显关系(P>0.05),但高表达与胆囊癌的低分级(40.0%:82.5%,P<0.05)、淋巴结或远处转移(40.9%:100.0%,P<0.05)以及术后生存时间减少(50.0%:93.8%,P<0.05)有明显关系.结论 胆囊癌组织蛋白与胆囊良性组织存在明显的差异.膜联蛋白A3可能对胆囊癌的发生、发展有作用.     

胆囊癌组织蛋白质组研究及膜联蛋白A3表达的临床病理意义

目的 通过分离并鉴定胆囊癌和胆囊良性组织的差异表达蛋白质,以发现可能用于早期诊断或治疗的胆囊癌肿瘤标志物.方法 提取人胆囊癌和胆囊良性组织(各6例)的总蛋白质,用双向电泳分离蛋白并进行比较.选择在胆囊癌组织中明显差异表达的蛋白点,行质谱分析.采用免疫组织化学EliVision法,对50例原发性胆囊癌38例慢性胆囊炎组织中膜联蛋白A3表达进行检测,分析胆囊癌中膜联蛋白A3的表达状况及其与胆囊癌临床病理指标和预后的关系.结果 获得了分辨率和重复性均很好的凝胶蛋白图谱.对筛选出的在胆囊癌组织中明显差异表达的46个蛋白点,共有17种蛋白质被成功鉴定,其中在胆囊癌组织中高表达9个,低表达8个.膜联蛋白A3在胆囊癌组织中表达的阳性率明显高于慢性胆囊炎组织,差异有统计学意义(74.0%:21.1%,P<0.01),其表达水平与胆囊癌患者年龄、性别及组织学类型等因素均无明显关系(P>0.05),但高表达与胆囊癌的低分级(40.0%:82.5%,P<0.05)、淋巴结或远处转移(40.9%:100.0%,P<0.05)以及术后生存时间减少(50.0%:93.8%,P<0.05)有明显关系.结论 胆囊癌组织蛋白与胆囊良性组织存在明显的差异.膜联蛋白A3可能对胆囊癌的发生、发展有作用.     

CA 19-9 expression in subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis: an immunohistochemical study.

Carcinoma antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression was immunohistochemically investigated in 48 cases of subacute granulomatous (de Quervain's) thyroiditis, two of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis, three of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, two of Graves' disease, and seven follicular adenomas, 27 follicular carcinomas, and eight papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. CA 19-9 expression was found in all cases of subacute thyroiditis, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and papillary carcinomas examined and in approximately 50% of follicular adenomas and carcinomas. The strongest CA 19-9 staining was demonstrated in late stage subacute thyroiditis and in papillary carcinomas with marked sclerosis. Occasionally CA 19-9 expression was present in seemingly normal thyroid parenchyma adjacent to the thyroid lesions investigated. CEA was found in the center of the granulomatous lesions in acute stage subacute thyroiditis. All neoplasms were CEA negative. CA 19-9 and CEA could be demonstrated occasionally in multinucleated giant cells of subacute thyroiditis, which may suggest that these giant cells are of either histiocytic or follicular cell origin. Immunohistochemical investigation with antibodies against CA 19-9 and CEA may help to histomorphologically define subacute granulomatous thyroiditis.     

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gallbladder carcinoma

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was studied in 103 gallbladder carcinomas and 23 metastatic lesions as well as in 25 control non-neoplastic gallbladder specimens. Positive nuclear staining was observed in 88% of controls, in 92% of carcinomas and in 70% of metastases. The mean number of positive cells was 21.2% in controls, 44.1% in primary carcinomas and 32% in metastatic cancer cells. Differences which were significant were control v . primary tumour, P <0.000001; control v . metastasis, P <0.01 and primary tumour v . metastasis, P <0.006. In 57 (60%) of the primary tumours there was positive staining in over 40% of tumour cells. We were not able to demonstrate any relationship between macroscopic or microscopic features and PCNA expression. However, tumours confined to the mucosa expressed PCNA more frequently than did more advanced tumours.     

Overexpression of GRP78 and GRP94 are markers for aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in gastric carcinomas

Glucose-related proteins (GRPs) are ubiquitously expressed in endoplasmic reticulum and able to assist in protein folding and assembly; consequently, they are considered as molecular chaperones. GRP78 and GRP94 expression was induced by glucose starvation and up-regulated in the malignancies. To clarify the roles of both molecules in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas, immunohistochemistry was used on tissue microarray containing gastric carcinomas, adenomas, and nonneoplastic mucosa using the antibodies against GRP78 and GRP94, with a comparison of their expression with clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas. Gastric carcinoma cell lines (MKN28, AGS, MKN45, KATO-III, and HGC-27) were studied for both proteins by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. There was more expression of both proteins in gastric carcinoma and adenoma than in nonneoplastic mucosas (P < .05). All gastric carcinoma cell lines showed their expression at different levels. They were positively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, and Union Internationale Contre le Cancer staging (P < .05), with positive relationship between both proteins (P < .05). Univariate analysis indicated the postsurgical cumulative survival rate of patients with positive GRP78 or GRP94 expression to be lower than that in those without GRP78 or GRP94 expression (P < .05), but the close link disappeared if stratified according to depth of invasion (P > .05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, Union Internationale Contre le Cancer staging, and Lauren classification (P < .05), but not GRP78 and GRP94 expression, were independent prognostic factors for carcinomas (P > .05). Up-regulated expression of GRP78 and GRP94 was possibly involved in pathogenesis, growth, invasion, and metastasis of gastric carcinomas. They were considered objective and effective markers for the aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in gastric carcinomas.     

血清S-CD105与VEGF联合监测复发转移性乳腺癌的意义

目的：探讨联合检测血清S-CD105和VEGF表达对乳腺癌术后复发、转移的临床意义。方法：用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）分别检测50例复发转移性乳腺癌、20例原发性乳腺癌、20例乳腺良性疾病及15例健康女性血清S-CD105和VEGF的浓度;用微粒子化学发光法检测复发转移患者同期血清CEA、CA15-3的浓度。结果：复发转移性乳腺癌组血清S-CD105、VEGF浓度明显高于原发性乳腺癌组、乳腺良性疾病组及健康对照组（P〈0．05）。血清S—CD105与VEGF联合表达阳性率高于CEA与CA15-3联合表达率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：复发转移性乳腺癌患者血清S-CD105与VEGF联合检测优于CEA与CA15-3联合检测,可能对乳腺癌患者术后复发转移的早期诊断有重要的临床价值。