CD117在急性白血病中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨CD117在急性白血病中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用CD45/SSC设门,直接荧光标记法,经流式细胞术对73例急性髓系白血病（AML）和47例急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）进行CD117的检测。结果对照组、ALL及AML3组CD117的表达阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=41.681,P﹤0.01）。AML组CD117的表达阳性率（58.9%）明显高于对照组（0）及ALL组（8.5%）。CD117/CD34的共表达率ALL组明显低于AML组（4.3%vs45.2%,P﹤0.05）。AML组CD117＋患者的CR率为60.5%,CD117-患者为76.7%,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而CD117＋/CD34＋患者的CR率为54.5%,明显低于CD117-/CD34-患者的CR率（88.2%,P﹤0.05）。结论 CD117可作为辅助诊断AML的髓系标志抗原,CD34＋/CD117＋可作为进一步排除ALL的指标。CD117＋/CD34＋可能是AML中一类预后不良的特殊亚型,可以作为AML预后判断的指标之一。     

CD80，CD86和ICAM-1在急性白血病细胞上的表达及意义

目的通过流式细胞术检测初诊患者急性自血病细胞上共刺激分子CD80、CD86以及黏附分子ICAM．1的表达，以了解其表达规律。方法通过流式细胞仪检测60例初治急性白血患者白血病细胞上CD80、CD86和ICAM-1的表达率；男37例，女23例，年龄2～85岁，中位年龄28岁；其中ALL20例，AML40例（M16例、M27例、M37例、M415例、M55例）。结果ALL组中的CD86的表达为（32．880±6．665）％，显著高于正常对照（P〈0．01），而CD80与正常BM对照比较无统计学意义；CD80、CD86在AML（M1、M2和M3）细胞上的表达分别为（0．766±0．187）％、（27．210±7．581）％，均显著高于相应的正常骨髓对照（P〈0．01）；在AML（M4和M5）细胞上CD80、CD86的表达与正常对照比较均无统计学意义。ICAM-1在ALL组中的表达与正常BM对照比较无统计学意义；在AML（M1、M2和M3）细胞上（63．820±7．484）％，显著高于相应的正常骨髓对照（P〈0．01）：而AML（M4和M5）细胞上表达为（50．590±7．092）％，显著低于相应的正常骨髓对照（P〈0．01）。结论CD80、CD86和ICAM．1在初治ALL和AML白血病细胞上的表达呈一定变异性，CD86在ALL上呈高表达，CD80、CD86和ICAM-1在AML（M1、M2和M3）上均呈高表达，而ICAM-1在AML（M4和M5）上均呈低表达。     

多参数流式细胞术鉴别诊断单核细胞相关性白血病的意义

目的：用多参数流式细胞术（FCM）鉴别诊断单核细胞相关性白血病（MLIL）。方法：采用CD45／SSC散点图设门多参数流式细胞术分析179例白血病细胞CD14及其它相关抗原的表达情况。结果：CD14在179例白血病中的表达，AML25．6％（30／117），CML5．9％（1／17）。CMML100％（3／3）；ALL、CLL、AUL、BAL CD14都阴性。117例AML中，AML-M4 CD14阳性占75．0％（15／20），AML-M5a 22．2％（2／9），AML-M5b 92．9％（13／14）。CD14在AML-M4／M5的阳性率无明显差异（P=0．486），而AML-M5a／M5b中有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。AML-M0、M1、M2、M6、M7中CD14全部阴性。在AML组中CD14的表达与CD117、CD34呈负相关。与CD64、HLA-DR、CD4、CD36、CD15、CD11b呈正相关。在CD45／SSC、CD71／CD33、CD15／CD11b散点图中M4／M5的粒细胞和单核细胞克隆位点明显不同。结论：CD14对单核细胞相关性白血病具有高特异性，敏感性不足；联合其它抗体不但可以区别单核细胞相关性白血病，而且可以鉴别AML-M4／M5亚型；CD45／SSC、CD71／CD33、CD15／CD11b三幅散点图有助于鉴别粒细胞和单核细胞克隆。     

初发系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+和CD4~+CD25~-Foxp3~+T细胞

目的：研究初发系统性红斑狼疮患者（Systemic lupus elythematosus，SLE）外周血CD4^＋T细胞中CD25和Foxp3表达及其在SLE发病中的意义。方法：根据SLE疾病活动积分（SLEDAI）将初发SLE患者分为活动组（10例）和不活动组（11例），流式细胞仪检测治疗前后外周血CD4^＋T细胞中CD25、Foxp3和CD127表达百分率，并对其与SLE临床活动度、尿蛋白、补体和anti-ds-DNA相关性进行研究。结果：初发活动组和不活动组SLE患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞表达百分率分别为（1．91％～6．75％）和（2．74％～7．01％），与正常对照（2．11％～9．90％）相比没有统计学差异（P=0．524，P=0．794）；且初发SLE患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞在体外增殖反应和增殖抑制功能与正常对照相比无明显差别（P=0．174，P=0．689）；外周血CD4^＋CD25^-Foxp3^＋T细胞百分率在初发活动组（3．71％～10．94％）和不活动组（2．97％～7．69％）SLE患者均比正常对照（1．01％～3．62％）显著增高（P〈0．01和P〈0．01）；而CD4^＋CD2^＋Foxp34^-T百分率在初发活动组SLE患者（1．19％～9．23％）显著低于正常对照（2．67％～11．26％）和初发不活动组SLE患者（3．73～8．27％）（P=0．039，P=0．048）；与CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞类似，90％左右的CD4^＋CD25一Foxp3^＋T细胞不表达或低表达CD127，其百分率与anti-ds-DNA浓度呈正相关，且尽管未达到统计学意义，但激素和免疫抑制治疗后其水平下降。结论：初发未经治疗的SLE患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋T细胞数量和功能无明显异常，而CD4^＋CD25^-Foxp3^＋T细胞数量增多，与SLE疾病活动相关，可能具有调节功能。     

急性脑梗死患者外周血淋巴细胞的早期活化与其黏附分子表达的关系研究

目的：探讨脑梗死患者外周血T淋巴细胞早期活化与黏附分子CD54和血小板P选择素（CD62P）、溶酶体颗粒糖蛋白63（CD63）的动态变化及临床意义。方法：用流式细胞仪检测32例脑梗死患者发病3d、7d外周血T淋巴细胞CD69和CD54及血小板CD62P、CD63的表达水平,并与35例健康者进行比较。结果：急性脑梗死（MS）患者发病72h内、7d外周血CD3^＋CD69^＋与CD3^＋CD54^＋及血小板CD62P与CD63表达阳性率均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,7d时各值虽较72h略降低,但差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;急性脑梗死患者发病72h内CD3^＋CD69^＋与CD3^＋CD54^＋、CD62P和CD63的表达无明显相关性（r值分别为-0．218、-0．117、-0．224,P〉0．05）;而CD54与CD62P、CD63的表达呈明显正相关（r=0．468,P〈0．01;r=0．397,P〈0．05）。结论：急性脑梗死后T淋巴细胞活化程度增强,其细胞表面CD54分子表达增高,同时血小板表面CD62P和CD63分子表达增加,活化的T淋巴细胞和血小板介导了白细胞与血小板及内皮细胞的黏附,加速了脑梗死的发生和发展,进一步加重了脑组织的损伤。     

成人急性髓性白血病细胞CD表型与预后的关系

分析成人急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)初诊免疫表型与完全缓解(CR)率及缓解期的关系。采用直接免疫荧光标记单克隆抗体(McAb)及流式细胞仪(FCM)检测骨髓白血病细胞免疫表型。显示在AML中各髓系抗原的表达率依次为CD13>CD33>CD45>CD38>CD11b>CD117>CD14;干/祖细胞分化抗原CD34表达率为46%,以M2和M4为最高(63%和66%);M3几乎不表达CD34和HLA-DR;淋系抗原在部分AML中表达阳性;CD117+病例较阴性组具有明显低CR率和短CR期。提示免疫表型的相关研究将提高AML诊断准确性,并将有助于指导AML治疗和判断其预后。     

胃肠道间质瘤病理及CD117和CD34表达与意义

目的：对本院病案资料中GIST重新分类，加 强对胃肠道间质瘤的认识。方法：用CD117、CD34、α-SMA、S-100等抗 体对56例GIST进行标记、分类，根据GIST的临床病理及形态学特点，正确诊断，并探讨 GIST的临床特点。结果:56例GIST CD117、CD34弥漫强表达，抗体 阳性率分别为CD117（50/56，89.3%）、CD34（37/56，66.1%），部分病例局灶表达α-SM A、S-100，阳性率分别为（17/56，30.4%）、（4/56，7.1%），结蛋白desmin均阴性。其 中良性及交界性29例，恶性27例。本组病例中胃及小肠GIST共达91.1％，其它部位少见。 结论：CD117、CD34在GIST表达显著，可作为GIST诊断的一个辅助指标。 胃和小肠GIST最常见，胃镜等影像学无特异性，诊断主要依靠病理诊断。组织病理不仅有助 于诊断，而且有助于预后的判断。     

CD64在急性白血病免疫分型中的意义

目的探讨CD64在急性白血病免疫分型中的意义。方法应用直接荧光标记法,经流式细胞术对116例急性髓系白血病(AML)和70例急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)进行免疫表型的检测。结果 AML组CD64的表达阳性率明显高于ALL组(41.4%vs 2.9%,P<0.01)。CD64在M5和M4的表达阳性率最高,分别为77.1%和55.6%。CD64的阳性表达率在M0(0)、M1(0)、M2(7.9%)明显低于M3(47.1%)、M4与M5(P<0.01)。各亚型CD64阳性病例中,M4、M5的CD64阳性细胞表达率分别为(62.5±24.7)%、(68.7±25.9)%,均明显高于M2(28.3%±5.7%)、M3(34.3%±6.3%)(P<0.01)。CD64对诊断AML的灵敏度优于CD14,其特异度优于CD117、CD33及CD13。虽然CD64诊断M4\M5的特异度较CD14稍差(82.5%vs 100%),但是灵敏度高于CD14(69.8%vs 41.5%)。结论 CD64可作为辅助诊断AML的髓系标志抗原,有助于提高M4/M5的检出率及其与其他AML亚型的鉴别诊断。     

抗CD40抗体联合诱导人脐血CD34+造血干细胞向DC2分化的作用

目的 探讨从脐血CD34^＋造血细胞诱导DC2的方法及CD40分子在DC2分化诱导中的作用。方法 运用磁珠从脐血中分离出CD34^＋造血干细胞,以rhIL-3（10ng／mL）、rhFlt-3L（100ng／mL）和rhGM-CSF（100ng／mL）诱导其向DC2分化,采用流式细胞仪分析DC2表型,并观察抗人CD40单克隆抗体诱导DC2分化成熟的作用。结果 人脐血CD34^＋造血细胞在rhIL-3、rhFlt-3L和rhGM-CSF联合诱导培养12d,获得具有DC2样（淋巴样DC）形态的细胞,然后分别加入rhIL-3＋抗人CD40 mAb（Ⅰ组）或rhIL-3＋TNF-α（Ⅱ组）诱导DC2的分化成熟,流式细胞仪分析细胞表型,发现Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组Lineage^-（CD3、CD14、CD16、CD19、CD56）CD123^＋细胞的HLA-DR、CD83、CD86、CD80表达率分别为88．78％、37．38％、32．83％和99．08％;78．87％、32．29％、29．57％和98．86％。结论 体外联合多种细胞因子从CD34^＋造血细胞成功地诱导出富集DC2表型的细胞,抗人CD40 mAb可以促进DC2的分化成熟。     

CD34抗原表达和P—gp高表达与急性白血病预后的关系

目的：探讨急性白血病（AL）CD34抗原表达和P－gp高表达与预后的关系。方法：对30例AL患者的单个核细胞用抗CO34和抗P－gp单克隆抗体标记后，通过流式细胞仪进行检测，其结果与临床的实际疗效作分析。结果：CD34和P－gp同时高表达的临床疗效差；两者之间比较，P－gp高表达者疗效较差。结论：CD34和P－gp同时高表达可作为AL预后不良的指标。     

Aberrant expression of CD7, CD56, and CD79a antigens in acute myeloid leukemias

The prognostic significance of selected markers of leukemic cells is well known. CD7 and CD56 expression at diagnosis has been associated with low remission rates and biological aggressiveness in a significant proportion of acute leukemias. Among 46 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, we found CD7 expression in 15 cases (32.6%) and CD56 positivity in 10 patients (21.7%). Six of these myeloid leukemia cases (13%) showed expression of both CD7 and CD56. Four of 46 (8.7%) patients expressed CD79a. Among the 10 that were acute myeloblastic leukemia, 8 expressed CD7, 4 expressed CD56, and 4 were positive for CD79a. Thus, these markers were expressed early in hemopoietic ontogeny in the lesser-differentiated acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, including FAB M0, M1, and M2. Whereas CD7 and CD56 were each positive in 4 cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB M4 subtype), there was no CD79a expression in the M4 cases. CD7 is expressed by mature T cells, NK cells, and an immature myeloid cell subset. NK cells and a T cell subset express CD56. By contrast, CD79a is a B cell marker that is assigned a high score of 2.0 in the differentiation of acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage in the WHO classification. The aberrant expression of CD7, CD56, and CD79a, representing the capacity of these leukemias for trilineal expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens, portends a poor prognosis.     

Contrasting antigenic maturation patterns in M0-M2 versus M3 acute myeloid leukemias

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is divided into 8 FAB subgroups based on differentiation and maturation properties of the neoplastic cells. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), or M3 AML, is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Flow cytometric immunophenotyping differentiates among the AML subtypes. Key markers in this classification include the myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33 and the hematopoietic precursor markers CD34 and HLA-DR. The present study analyzes and compares differences in the expression of these markers in 27 M0-M2 cases and 8 M3 cases. The M0-M2 cases generally expressed all four antigens. CD13 and CD33 were positively expressed in 23 (85.2%) and 21 (77.8%) of the 27 cases, respectively. CD34 and HLA-DR were present in 25 (92.6%) and 26 (96.3%) of the 27 cases, respectively. Analysis of the M3 cases revealed a different immunophenotype as CD13 and CD33 were each positive in all 8 (100%) M3 AML cases while CD34 and HLA-DR were negative in 6 (75%) and 8 (100%) of the 8 M3 cases, respectively. In contrast to expression of the early markers CD34 and HLA-DR in the M0-M2 group, these were negative in the M3 cases which were characterized by heterogeneous CD13 and generally homogeneous and bright CD33 expression.     

CD16+56在急性髓系白血病中的表达及其意义

为探讨CD16 56抗原在急性髓系白血病(AML)中的表达及其临床意义,本文用流式细胞仪检测42例AML患者的骨髓细胞,分析其细胞形态学(FAB)分型、免疫表型和临床特点。结果显示:42例AML患者中CD16 56阳性7例(16.6%),1例部分表达(2.4%),34例没有表达(80.9%)。CD16 56阳性的AML患者中,FAB分型、免疫表型和临床表现各有特点,多见于M2、M5,髓外浸润常见,大多数预后不良。     

Regulation of CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7-2 molecule expression in human primary acute myeloid leukemia and their role in allogenic immune recognition

Clinical data and animal models afford evidence for anti-leukemia immunity in humans, but the interactions critical for blast cell recognition are unresolved. Expression of B7 molecules by antigen-presenting cells (APC) provides co-stimulatory signals to T lymphocytes via CD28 and CTLA-4 which prevent the induction of alloantigen-specific tolerance. Conversely, expression of CD40 ligand by stimulated T cells activates APC via CD40. In human hematological B cell malignancies (follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia), the defect in alloantigen presentation of tumoral cells can be repaired by up-regulation of B7 and other co-stimulatory molecules via CD40. We studied the role of B7 molecules in alloimmune recognition and the various ways to improve the antitumoral response on peripheral blood leukemic cells from 20 patients with a diagnosis of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We focused on myelo/monocytic M4/M5 French-American-British classification subtypes which are considered as the neoplastic counterpart of normal monocytes, a prototypic APC. In one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction of CD4+ T cells against leukemic cells, differences in B7-1, B7-2 or CD40 expression by AML cells did not induce specific cytokine secretion; interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ were detected but not IL-4, corresponding to a Th1 pattern. Blockade experiments showed that proliferation and IFN-γ secretion only partially depended on B7 molecules, which in contrast had a pivotal role in IL-2 synthesis. In contrast with murine models which suggest a pivotal role for CD80/B7-1 in the immune response against AML, our data support a greater role for CD86/B7-2, in line with the baseline expression of CD86/B7-2 and lack of CD80/B7-1 on most M4/M5 AML cells. AML cell stimulation via CD40: (1) significantly improved IL-2 secretion but not proliferation of responding T lymphocytes, (2) increased CD54/ICAM-1 expression in three quarters of cases, (3) failed in most cases to induce CD40-specific CD80/B7-1 up-regulation and (4) had a weak effect on CD86/B7-2 expression. These data contrast with the very efficient up-regulation of both B7 co-stimulatory molecule expression and tumoral cell alloimmune recognition following CD40 stimulation in B cell malignancy models. The role of the defective B7 molecule up-regulation by the CD40 pathway in inefficient tumor immunogenicity of primary AML cells has to be further investigated, in particular using transfection experiments of CD80/B7-1-deficient AML cell lines. From our in vitro data we conclude that B7 molecules play an important role in the alloimmune surveillance of AML as suggested by the high B7 molecule dependency of IL-2 secretion. Nonetheless, the contribution of B7 molecules to alloimmune T cell proliferation against primary AML cells in human and the way to improve it – regulation via CD40 in particular – differ from B cell malignancies and murine models, suggesting the requirement for specific strategies in the development of antitumor immunity.     

急性淋巴细胞性白血病微小残留病变筛选指标的特点分析

目的 对儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病微小残留病变(MRD)筛选指标进行分析并评估其意义和表达特点.方法 分离35例初发B-急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患儿的单个核细胞,对符合CD38、CD45弱表达,CD58、CD21、CD22强表达,CD34和Cu同时表达,染色体相关抗原CD66c表达的,与CD10/CD34/CD19进行四色抗体组合,应用流式仪检测,如在双参数点图上所选择的四色抗体组合出现的位置明显有别于正常骨髓相应位置的,则认定该抗体组合为有效的筛选标记并进行随后的MRD监测.结果 35例患儿中31例存在至少一个MRD标记,覆盖率为88.6%;21/35例患儿(60%)存在2个或2个以上的筛选标记;TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19为最常见的四色组合.结论 TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19作为四色MRD筛选标记覆盖率高,应作为常规和首选的筛选标记;免疫表型中Pro-B缺乏有效的筛选标记,出现2个或以上的筛选标记,对提高MRD的精确度具有重要意义.     

急性髓细胞白血病患者CD56抗原表达与MDR1基因表达量的关系研究

目的 研究初治急性髓细胞白血病(AML)患者CD56抗原表达与多药耐药(MDR)1基因表达量的关系,探讨CD56抗原表达与MDR1基因表达量在AML耐药中的作用及相互关系.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)和建立实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测79例AML患者CD56抗原表达及MDR1基因表达水平并分析两者之间的关系及临床意义.结果 24.1%AML患者表达CD56抗原,FAB亚型中M5 AML患者表达阳性率高于其他亚型.遗传学危险度分级高危组患者CD56抗原表达阳性率显著高于中危组(P<0.01),伴t(8:21)AML患者CD56抗原表达阳性率(57.1%)显著高于其他低危组AML(P<0.05).CD56抗原表达阳性初治AML患者MDR1基因表达水平显著高于表达阴性患者(P<0.001).MDR1基因高表达且CD56抗原阳性AML组的CR率(58.8%)显著低于MDR1基因低表达且CD56表达阴性组(89.2%,P<0.01).结论 AML患者CD56抗原表达与MDR1基因表达水平存在相关性;同时定量检测MDR1基因表达及CD56抗原表达更有助于判断预后.