无保护左主干病变选择性支架治疗术

目的:评价无保护左主干病变选择性支架置入术的临床疗效.方法:自2002年1月至2005年6月期间,无保护左主干病变患者9例,有3例有急性心肌梗死病史.其中3例合并心功能不全,2例合并慢性肾功能不全.4例为心外科手术禁忌症.结果:9例患者均成功置入支架,即刻成功率100%.5例置入金属裸支架(BMS),4例置入药物洗脱支架(3例为Firebird药物洗脱支架,1例为CYPHER-select药物洗脱支架).置入支架直径为3.0～4.0mm,长度为8～25mm.3例左主干分叉病变使用双支架对吻技术同时扩张支架.术后随访1～42个月.5例置入BMS患者,2例随访期间出现心脏事件,其中1例(11%)置入BMS支架患者术后2个月死于左心室功能不全;1例左主干远端分叉病变使用双支架对吻技术的患者,术后2个月因心绞痛复查造影提示前降支起始部出现90%再狭窄;另3例目前无临床症状.4例置入药物洗脱支架患者,目前均无临床症状,其中1例左主干远端分叉病变使用双支架对吻技术患者,术后1年复查冠状动脉造影无再狭窄.结论:选择性无保护左主干病变支架治疗是安全的,近期临床疗效确切,与BMS比较,药物洗脱支架可进一步降低再狭窄发生率.     

药物洗脱支架治疗无保护左主干病变临床研究

目的 评价药物洗脱支架(DES)置入与冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)对冠脉无保护左主干病变患者的近远期疗效.方法 对2003年2月至2008年6月接受治疗的冠脉无保护左主干病变的病人进行评估,其中113例置入了药物洗脱支架(DES组),96例病人接受了冠脉旁路移植术(CABG组).记录患者围手术期,术后6月及3 a不良心脑血管事件(MACCES)发生率.结果 (1)两组患者一般临床特征比较无统计学意义;(2)DES组与CABG组术后12月的MACCES发生率分别为11%及10.6%,P＞0.05; (3)平均随访18个月,DES组与CABG组无MACCES生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); (4)冠脉造影随访DES组再狭窄率高于CABG组(7.69%比 0%,P＜0.05).结论 冠脉无保护左主干病变DES治疗手术成功率高,有较理想的近远期疗效.     

左冠状动脉主干病变16例临床分析

目的分析左冠状动脉主干(左主干)病变的临床特点、治疗和预后。方法采用Judkin法,对16例左主干病变患者多体冠状动脉造影,并作临床分析。结果经冠状动脉造影确诊的16例冠心病患者中左主干病变10例(62.50%)。临床症状主要表现为劳力型心绞痛14例(87.50%),自发型心绞痛12例(75.00%),劳力型+自发型心绞痛12例,无典型心绞痛。造影发现10例左主干病变后即给予植入支架治疗,临床症状显著改善(60.00%)。结论左主干病变行冠状动脉植入支架治疗和旁路移植术是治疗左冠状动脉主干病变有效的方法。     

介入治疗左主干病变45例

目的:探讨冠状动脉左主干病变支架术的近、远期疗效.方法:共45例均无冠脉搭桥术史的左主干病变患者行冠脉内支架术,总结分析手术成功率及随访结果.结果:左主干近中段病变12例,远段分叉病变33例,左主干支架术的成功率为100%,无残余狭窄或残余狭窄率＜10%,无任何严重并发症.术后1年内每月门诊随访一次.临床心绞痛复发8例,2例死亡.术后3～9个月38例行冠状动脉造影复查.其中30例的原支架内基本无再狭窄.结论:支架置入术治疗左主干病变疗效明显,是值得考虑的治疗手段;在经验丰富、技术熟练介入医生操作下其是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

介入治疗无保护冠状动脉左主干病变的效果及随访

目的：探讨介入治疗（PCI）无保护左主干病变的疗效及随访情况。方法：选择接受PCI的9例左主干病变的病例资料，均进行了随访，包括冠脉造影、门诊和电话随访。结果：即刻成功率100％，无严重并发症及住院期间死亡。5例PCI后半年进行了冠脉造影检查，无支架内再狭窄。其中有1例心绞痛复发，药物治疗后缓解。其余4例无不适。结论：无保护左主干病变患者选择性的进行PCI安全可行，有良好的近、远期效果。     

冠状动脉左主干病变合并心源性休克2例

冠状动脉左主干病变是心源性猝死的主要原因之一,严重左主干病变的临床预后极差,虽然大多数患者在造影后无任何心肌缺血表现,但有症状的患者预后十分凶险.急性左主干病变综合征的患者,不管是急诊搭桥或是急诊PCI,其死亡率均很高.特别是因严重左主干病变所致心源性休克的患者,24 h内的死亡率最高约为80%[1].     

无保护左主干病变的介入治疗及随访研究

对46例无保护左主干狭窄≥50%以上的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者行经皮经腔冠状动脉介入治疗,探讨介入治疗无保护冠状动脉左主干狭窄的临床疗效和安全性。46例患者中42例行支架置入术(其中药物支架11例),1例行切割球囊治疗,3例仅行经皮冠状动脉成形术治疗,手术成功率100%。半年内4例发生术后再狭窄,其中2例为药物支架病例,2例为普通支架。术后随访(23.9±2.7)月,1例6个月时死于慢性肾功能衰竭,1例10个月时死于左心功能衰竭。     

药物洗脱支架治疗无保护左主干病变

目的 评价药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉无保护左主干(ULMCA)病变的安全性及疗效.方法 选择2002年10月～2007年11月我院收治经冠状动脉造影证实为无保护左主干病变患者44例;合并心功能不全(左室射血分数<40%)5例,肺功能减退2例,慢性肾功能不全5例;常规行冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗.分析其冠脉造影特征、手术成功率及临床随访结果 .结果 44例患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗即刻成功率为100%,无严重术中并发症,手术住院期间的病死率、非致死性心肌梗死率及急诊常规行冠状动脉造影率均为0%.所有患者均植入药物洗脱支架.术后平均随访14.2～9.3月(6～65月),所有患者均未发生亚急性或延迟性支架内血栓形成;6例(13.6%)患者有心绞痛症状复发;1例患者在术后4个月困心力衰竭死亡;37例(84.1%)患者无严重不良心血管事件发生.35例(79.5%)患者进行了冠状动脉造影复查,其中冠状动脉造影复查提示发生再狭窄3例(8.6%):1例为左主干远端分叉病变,分叉处再狭窄转外科行常规行冠状动脉造影术;2例左主干末端分叉病变分支开口发生再狭窄,使用切割球囊再次经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后,症状缓解.结论 对选择性的冠状动脉左主干病变使用药物洗脱支架行介入治疗安全有效,近、远期疗效良好.     

对吻扩张支架术治疗无保护左主干分叉病变的研究进展

无保护左主干病变是一种极易发生心肌梗死、心力衰竭等情况的高危冠脉病变.随着支架植入技术的发展,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)已成为治疗无保护左主干病变的一个重要选择.对吻扩张支架术作为治疗左主干分叉病变的一种手术方式,能够快速有效地完成手术,且相较于其他双支架术式,能够减少冠脉内操作,是一种值得考虑的PCI术式.本文就...     

Efficacy of stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery disease in 297 patients

Background Angioplasty in the unprotected left main coronary artery （LMCA） has been controversial. This study aims to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of stenting, including bare metal stent and drug eluting stent （DES）, for treatment of unprotected LMCA disease. Methods Between September 1997 and December 2005, a total of 297 consecutive patients underwent percutanous coronary intervention （PCI） on LMCA lesions in our hospital. Their in-hospital data and clinical follow-up outcomes were analyzed and those in pre-DES ＂＇era＂ （group I, from September 1997 to December 2002） were compared with those in DES ＂era＂ （group Ⅱ, from January 2003 to December 2004. Patients in 2005 for the time of follow-up less than one year were not included in this group）. Results Altogether 368 coronary stents were successfully deployed in 295 patients. Stents failed to be implanted after balloon predilation in two patients, who received coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） successfully. Bifurcation techniques for distal LMCA executed in 206 patients （69.4%, 2061297）, included crossover stenting in 156 （75.7%）, T stenting in 4 （1.9%）, provisional T stenting in 28 （13.6%）, kissing stenting in 5 （2.4%） and stent crushing in 13 （6.3%） patients. During their hospital stay, 5 （1.7%） patients died after PCI procedure, of which 4 died from cardiac origin and one of renal failure. The total in-hospital major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were 2.0% （6/297）. In the follow-up period, 19 patients （6.5%） died [15 （5.1%） of cardiac death and 4 of non-fatal myocardial infarction （MI）]. Besides, 2 （0.7%） developed subacute thrombosis （SAT） and 16 （5.4%） performed target lesion revascularization （TLR）. The total follow-up MACE was 14.5% （431297）. Further analysis also showed that, compared with patients in group I, those in group II apparently had more multi-vessel involvement （14.7% vs 81.9%, P〈0.001）, and more bifurcation lesions （32.4% vs 72.2%, P〈0.001）. After PCI, in-hospital MACE of group II was significantly lower than that in group I （1.1% vs 9.4%, P〈0.05）. And the incidences of MACE, TLR and angiographic restenosis in group II were all significantly lower than those in group I （all P〈0.05） after one year follow-up. Conclusions As new PCI strategies and intervention devices such as DES are developed, coronary stenting, which might have brought better in-hospital and long-term outcomes than CABG are proved to be technically successful and can be safely applied for the treatment of LMCA lesions in the experienced center for coronary intervention.     

冠心病左主干病变与三支病变的临床及心电图比较分析

目的　探讨临床表现及常规心电图在判断左主干病变与三支冠状动脉病变患者的价值。方法　收集本院经冠脉造影证实狭窄程度≥ 75 %的左主干或合并左主干病变的患者 14例 ,三支病变患者 30例。所有患者观察静态常规 12导联心电图ST段及T波 ,计算存在异常ST段 T波的导联总数 ,动脉造影观察侧支循环形成情况。结果　左主干组及三支病变组患者的年龄分别为 ( 6 0 .36± 12 .86 )岁及 ( 6 2 .5 7± 7.0 0 )岁 ,高血压的发生率分别为 78.5 7% ( 11 14 )与 6 3.33% ( 19 30 ) ,糖尿病的发生率分别为 2 8.5 7% ( 4 14 )与 2 3.33% ( 7 30 ) ,心肌梗死的发生率为 2 8.5 7% ( 4 14 )与 36 .6 7% ( 11 30 )。 14例左主干病变患者除 1例没有静态心电图异常外 ,其余 13例 ( 92 .86 % )均存在 3～ 11个导联 (平均 5 .71个导联 )的ST T异常 ;30例三支病变患者 2 3例 ( 76 .6 7% )有 2～ 11个导联 (平均 5 .5 0个导联 )的心电图异常。 2组出现侧支循环的例数分别为 5例 ( 35 .71% )和 9例 ( 30 .0 0 % )。所有上述指标经统计学检验都无显著差异。结论　无法从临床及常规静态心电图检查鉴别冠心病患者为左主干病变或三支病变。对典型临床心绞痛症状的患者应尽早行选择性冠状动脉造影术 ,以制订临床治疗方案 ,估计其预后     

无保护左主干病变冠心病患者行经皮冠脉介入治疗术11例分析

目的分析冠心病无保护左主干病变行经皮冠脉介入治疗术（PCI）的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性总结我院2008年4月-2011年10月共11例无保护左主干病变行经皮冠脉介入治疗术患者的临床资料、疗效、随访结果。结果全部患者PCI成功率100%,术后症状明显改善,均完成12-36个月随访,2例患者复查了冠脉造影,随访期再发心绞痛发生率为0%、急性心肌梗死发生率为0%、靶血管重建发生率为0%,无心源性死亡患者。结论对经过选择的无保护左主干病变患者进行PCI是安全有效的,预后较好。     

非体外循环下左主干病变冠脉旁路移植术的疗效分析

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB)治疗左主干病变的安全性和可行性。方法选择2008年3月～2012年6月冠脉旁路移植术患者450例,分为两组,左主干病变组215例,非左主干病变组235例,所有病例由同一团队施行OPCAB,回顾性分析两组病例术后各项指标及早期死亡率。结果左主干病变组4例因术中搬动心脏出现血流动力学极度不稳定转为体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下手术,两组人均搭桥数为3.02支,人均搭桥数左主干组较非左主干组高,主要集中在左冠状动脉(前降支和回旋支),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。用血量、术后重症监护室(ICU)治疗时间、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)使用率、术中转CPB手术比例左主干组高,乳内动脉使用率非左主干组高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组在术后各种并发症及死亡率上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 OPCAB治疗左主干病变是安全可行的,但是术前需要做好充分的应急准备,包括IABP和CPB,有条件的医疗单位可以推广应用。     

Prognosis of unprotected left main coronary artery stenting and the factors affecting the outcomes in Chinese

AT MOST CENTRES UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY (LMCA) LESION HAS BEEN CONSIDERED A SUFFICIENT CRITERION FOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG). 1 ALTHOUGH ELECTIVE ANGIOPLASTY OF UNPROTECTED LMCA LESION IS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE, THE LONG TERM PROGNOSIS HAS BEEN VERY POOR AND THE ACTUARIAL 3 YEAR SURVIVAL ONLY 36%. THEREFORE, ANGIOPLASTY OF UNPROTECTED LMCA IS A CO…     

左主干病变急症冠状动脉旁路移植术指征探讨

目的 探讨左主干病变施行急症冠状动脉旁路移植术的指征与方法。方法 总结157例左主干病变冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床特点与近期疗效,分为急症手术组(48例)和择期手术组(109例),进行对比分析。急症手术指征包括:左主干病变狭窄>90％,左主干病变在70％-90％之间合并不稳定心绞痛。急症手术组中,急性心肌梗死1周内的比例明显高于择期手术组(P<0.05)。结果 急症手术组非体外循环手术的比例达到91.7％,与择期手术组无差别;使用主动脉内球囊反搏的比例明显高于择期手术组,术后使用正性肌力药物比例明显低于择期手术组(P<0.05)。总住院死亡率为1.9％,急症手术组死亡3例(6.3％),择期手术组无死亡病例,死亡原因多与术前左心室功能低有关。随访中急症手术组院外死亡1例。结论 对于左主干病变的急症手术指征仍然存在不同理解。非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在左主干病变的急症手术中是可行的。     

无保护左主干病变的介入治疗

目的：探讨药物支架时代无保护左主干病变介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法：选择12例无保护左主干病人,开口病变2例,体部病变3例,远段病变4例（均累及前降支,回近支开口）,近中段病变1例,左主干整程病变1例。狭窄均≥50％,按标准方法行PCI。结果：手术成功率100％,无严重并发症,心绞痛全部缓解,2例心功能不全病人射血分数提高了10％以上。随访无死亡病例。结论：药物支架置入治疗无保护左主干疗效显著、安全。正确的病例选择、策略选择及操作技巧是成功的关键。     

High volume practice proved the safety of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in left main coronary artery lesions: a two-year single center experience

Background  Left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis has been recognized as a risk factor for early death among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to assess if LMCA lesions pose an additional risk of early or mid-term mortality and/or a major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG), compared with non-left main coronary artery stenosis (non-mainstem disease).

Methods  From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010, 4869 patients had a primary isolated OPCABG procedure at Beijing Anzhen Hospital. According to the pathology of LMCA lesions, they were retrospectively classified as a non-mainstem disease group (n=3933) or a LMCA group (n=936). Propensity scores were used to match the two groups, patients from the non-mainstem disease group (n=831) were also randomly selected to match patients from the LMCA group (n=831). Freedom from MACCE in the two groups was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results  The difference in the mortality and the rate of MACCE during the first 30 days between the non-mainstem disease group and the LMCA group did not reach statistical significance (P=0.429, P=0.127 respectively). With a mean follow-up of (12.8±7.5) months and a cumulative follow-up of 1769.6 patient-years, the difference in the freedom from MACCEs between the two groups, calculated through Kaplan-Meier method, did not reach statistical significance (P=0.831).

Conclusion  Analysis of a high volume of OPCABG procedures proved that LMCA lesions do not pose additional early and mid-term risk to OPCABG. Therefore, a LMCA lesion is as safe as non-mainstem disease lesion during the OPCABG procedure.

     

Prognosis of unprotected left main coronary artery stenting and the factors affecting the outcomes in Chinese

Background The long term prognosis of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenting is controversial This study was conducted to evaluate the immediate and long term outcomes of LMCA stenting in Chinese patients and to determine which factors affect the outcomes. Methods From May 1997 to March 2003 ， 224 patients in 23 hospitals underwent elective unprotected LMCA stenting with bare metal stents. Their clinical records were analysed to ascertain immediate and long term outcomes of LMCA stenting as well as factors influencing the prognosis. Results Stents were implanted into LMCA successfully in 223 cases (99.6 %). One death (0.5%) and one case of non-Q wave nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in hospital. The mean follow-up time was (15.6 ± 12.3) months. Cardiac death developed in 10 cases (4.5%), noncardiac death in 2 cases (0.9%), nonfatal MI in 4 cases (1.8%), target lesion revascularization (TLR) of LMCA in 26 cases (11.7%) and TLR of nonLMCA in 37 cases (16.5%). Univariate analysis showed that cardiac death correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF &lt; 40%), female gender and LMCA combined with multivessel disease; that major adverse cardiac events (MACE) correlated with LVEF &lt; 40%, bifurcation lesion and incomplete revascularization. Logistic regression analysis revealed that LVEF &lt; 40% and female gender were independent predictors of cardiac death and MACE. Follow-up angiography was performed in 102 cases (45.7%). The restenosis rate was 31.4%. Conclusions Long-term outcomes of stenting for selected patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis is acceptable. It should be performed in inoperable or low risk patients with LVEF ≥ 40% and isolated LMCA disease or LMCA combined with multivessel diseases in whom complete revascularization can be obtained.