64层CT诊断肝局灶性结节增生与肝腺瘤的临床价值分析

目的探讨64层CT诊断肝局灶性结节增生与肝腺瘤临床效果。方法选择2007年12月-2012年12月在我院治疗的肝局灶性结节增生者26例,肝腺瘤者11例,行多期螺旋CT检查。结果肝局灶性结节增生平扫期CT值为(48.5±1.8)HU明显低于肝实质(61.5±1.7HU),差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;肝腺瘤平扫期CT值为(42.3±1.6)HU明显低于肝实质(61.5±1.7)HU,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;肝局灶性结节增生平扫期CT值为(48.5±1.8)HU与肝腺瘤(42.3±1.6)HU比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。肝局灶性结节增生动脉期CT值为(123.7±2.6)HU明显高于肝腺瘤、肝实质(82.5±1.9)HU、(74.2±2.3)HU,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。肝局灶性结节增生门脉期CT值为(110.3±2.3)HU与肝腺瘤、肝实质(107.4±2.1)HU、(110.5±2.2)HU比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论64层CT诊断肝局灶性结节增生与肝腺瘤简单方便,为临床治疗提供了影像学证据。     

16层螺旋CT诊断肝局灶结节样增生临床特征分析

目的探讨16层螺旋C T平扫及增强扫描在肝局灶结节样增生临床诊断中的应用价值。方法本研究对经手术病理检查确诊为肝局灶结节样增生的患者进行螺旋CT平扫和三期增强扫描,对其影像学特征进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者C T平扫显示其中单发47例,多发3例,共计55个病灶;呈圆形或类圆形,边缘清晰,其中位于右肝36例,位于左肝14例;病灶大小为2．3cm×1．7cm×1．3cm～7．5cm×6．0cm×5．2cm。CT平扫发现46个病灶为稍低密度,9个病灶为近似等密度。动脉期所有肝局灶结节样增生患者均有明显的高密度,接近于同层腹主动脉密度,其中45个密度均匀,10个密度不均匀,并且病灶内均可见增粗的供血动脉。门脉期所有肝局灶结节样增生患者中有26个病灶为稍高密度,23个病灶为等密度,中央瘢痕仍为低密度,6个病灶为低密度。延迟期所有肝局灶结节样增生患者中有32个病灶为等密度,23个病灶为低密度。FNH患者病灶部位的平扫及动脉CT值与正常肝实质比较有显著性差异（ t ＝16．52、11．32,P ＜0．05）。而在门脉期和延迟期,FNH病灶与正常肝实质比较则无显著性差异（ t ＝0．69、1．03,P ＞0．05）。FNH患者在平扫、动脉期、门脉期、延迟期的大病灶与小病灶的密度值比较无显著性差异（ t ＝0．44、0．68、1．15、0．85,P＞0．05）。结论16层螺旋C T三期增强扫描中有特征性表现,结合临床特点具有重要的临床应用价值。     

螺旋CT多期扫描诊断肝脏局灶性结节增生研究

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的螺旋CT平扫和多期增强扫描表现特征,以提高CT对FNH的诊断准确性.资料与方法 回顾性分析16例经病理证实的FNH患者螺旋CT平扫及动脉期、门静脉期、延迟期增强扫描的资料.结果 16例患者16个FNH病灶中,平扫显示所有病灶均为略低密度,位于肝包膜下,其中14个可见更低密度瘢痕,从病灶中心向周围呈辐射状或不规则状.肿块实质呈"快进慢出"强化,中心瘢痕及辐射状分隔、假包膜"延迟强化",延迟期整个肿块密度趋于均匀一致.结论 平扫和多期增强螺旋CT扫描能全面显示FNH的病理特征及血流动力学特点,螺旋CT多期扫描有助于FNH的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

肝局灶性结节性增生的影像诊断及病理对照研究

目的探讨肝局灶性结节性增生(focal nodu lar hyperp lasia,FNH)的影像学表现特点。方法经手术切除病理证实为肝局灶性结节性增生17例病例,术前均行螺旋CT平扫及动态增强扫描,其中10例又行MR平扫及动态增强扫描,分别进行影像学及病理学对照分析。结果17例FNH病灶均呈孤立结节或分叶状肿块,多数直径2~5 cm。平扫呈等或略低密度及信号,T2W I为略高信号。动态增强扫描,动脉期病灶均为明显的均质的强化,静脉期及延迟期12例仍略高于肝实质,6例略低于或等于肝实质。11例病灶内显示瘢痕,其中8例呈延迟强化。4例静脉期出现包膜样强化。病理观察:17例FNH均无包膜,增生的肝细胞形成肝板被纤维间隔分割呈结节状,瘢痕区域由纤维结缔组织及厚壁畸形血管组成。结论典型的FNH影像学可明确诊断,不典型的FNH应与肝细胞腺瘤、肝细胞癌、肝血管瘤相鉴别。     

多层螺旋CT三期增强扫描对肝局灶性结节样增生的诊断价值

目的:通过分析肝局灶性结节样增生的CT征象,提高对本病的诊断准确率。方法:对10例经病理证实的肝局灶性结节样增生的CT征象进行回顾性分析。结果:10例均为单发病灶,结节状或分叶状肿块,直径平均约为4.3cm。平扫为稍低或等密度;动脉期除中央瘢痕外均明显强化,接近于同层腹主动脉密度,病灶内可见增粗的供血动脉;门脉期呈稍高密度7例,等密度3例;平衡期及延迟期呈稍高密度3例,等密度7例;4例病灶的中央瘢痕3例出现延迟强化,1例未见明显强化。结论:肝局灶性结节样增生在螺旋CT三期增强扫描中有特征性表现。     

肝局灶性结节增生的CT诊断及病理对照

目的:探讨肝局灶性结节性增生(FNH)CT表现。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的12例FNH的CT表现,所有病例术前均行CT平扫及双期增强扫描,并对其CT表现及其病理学进行对照分析。结果:12例FNH病灶均呈孤立结节或分叶状肿块,其中10例位于近肝表面包膜下,直径2～6cm。平扫呈等或稍低密度,增强扫描动脉期均为明显全瘤均匀性强化,强化高于正常肝组织而接近于同层腹主动脉,门静脉期9例下降到稍高密度,3例为等密度,其中4例显示典型中央瘢痕组织,1例中央瘢痕延迟扫描后出现强化。12例FNH病灶均无包膜,为孤立的、中央有纤维瘢痕的结节肿块,纤维瘢痕中可见厚壁血管及增生的小胆管。结论:CT可明确诊断典型的FNH。     

肝局灶性结节增生的螺旋CT征象分析

目的:探讨肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的螺旋CT征象。方法:回顾分析经病理或临床证实的16例FNH患者19个病灶的螺旋CT征象。结果:16例患者中14例为孤立病灶,2例多发;16个病灶密度较均,呈等密度或稍低密度;7个病灶直径≤3cm,12个病灶直径>3cm;8个病灶显示周边假包膜;10个病灶显示中央瘢痕及纤维分隔,其中有8个病灶直径>3cm;所有病灶在动脉期均呈显著高密度,其中16个病灶肿瘤实质均匀强化;5例病灶于动脉期显示周边异常增粗的血管。结论:绝大多数FNH呈孤立界清无包膜的稍低密度或等密度实质性肿块,动脉期明显强化,门脉期、延迟期显示中央瘢痕和假包膜,部分病灶于动脉期显示异常增粗的血管;多发病灶、动脉期不均强化、无中央疤痕显示及假包膜为不典型的CT征象。     

肝局灶性结节增生的CT表现与病理对照分析

目的：总结分析肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的平扫和多期增强扫描的CT表现,探讨其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析18例（21个病灶）经病理证实的FNH的平扫及三期增强CT表现。结果：CT平扫21个病灶中7个病灶呈均匀低密度,14个呈不均匀低密度。增强扫描动脉期除中央疤痕外,19个病灶有明显均匀强化、1个中等不均匀强化、1个轻度不均匀强化,6个病灶还可见病灶中心或周边增粗、扭曲的动脉影;门脉期和延迟期扫描显示10个病灶呈略高密度,6个病灶呈等密度,5个病灶呈略低密度。平扫显示7个病灶伴有中央星状疤痕者,多期增强CT显示15个病灶有中央疤痕并于平衡期出现延迟强化。结论：CT检查能较全面显示FNH的病理特征和血供特点,FNHCT平扫为低密度,增强扫描以＂快进慢出＂为主要特征。     

肝局灶性结节增生的多种影像学表现分析

目的分析肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的CT、DSA及18FDG正电子发射体层摄影术(PET)的影像表现,认识FNH的多种影像学特征.资料与方法 10例FNH经手术病理证实,回顾分析其多种影像学表现.10例均行CT平扫及动态增强扫描,其中4例行DSA肝动脉造影,2例行18FDG PET显像.结果 10例FNH均为单发性结节,位于肝右叶8例,肝左叶2例.肿瘤直径1.1～9.3 cm,平均5.1 cm.CT检查10例,平扫均为低密度,其中8例病灶(直径均＞3.0 cm)中央区有星芒状的更低密度区;增强扫描,动脉期9个结节明显强化,1个中等强化,病灶中央更低密度区无强化,2个病灶中央或周边见增粗迂曲血管,其中1个尚可见动脉-门脉、动脉-静脉分流现象;门脉期病灶密度稍有下降,8个高于或等于肝实质,2个低于肝实质;延迟期7个等于或略高于肝实质,3个低于肝实质,5个病灶中央更低密度有强化.血管造影:4例FNH的供血动脉均来自肝动脉系统,供血动脉增粗、扭曲, 1例血管分支放射状分布,周围呈环绕状聚集染色,中央局限性缺损,另3个分支血管紊乱并呈抱球征,1个尚见动脉-门脉、动脉-静脉分流.2例18FDG PET显像均未见异常放射性浓聚.结论 FNH CT平扫为低密度,增强扫描以"快进慢出"为主要特征,而血管造影显示肝动脉供血为主,表现为供血动脉增粗、扭曲,呈轮辐状向周围发散.这些影像特征有利于FNH的定性诊断.     

MSCT多期增强扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT多期增强扫描对肝脏局灶性结节增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术及穿刺活检病理证实的9例FNH患者10个病灶的MSCT多期增强扫描表现。结果:9例中8例为单发病灶,1例多发。平扫9个呈低或稍低密度,1个等密度。平扫3个病灶见中央瘢痕;多期增强扫描7个病灶见中央瘢痕,动脉期及门脉期瘢痕均未见强化,延迟期5个见中央瘢痕强化。增强扫描动脉期除中央瘢痕外,8个FNH病灶明显均匀强化,2个中等均匀强化;门脉期病灶密度下降,但均略高于或等于正常肝实质;延迟期病灶密度等于或略低于肝实质。动脉期4个病灶中心或周边见增粗的供血动脉,其中1个为肝动脉分支直接进入病灶中心,1个的供血动脉自病灶中心沿纤维间隔向周边呈放射状分布,另2个周边见供血动脉。结论:MSCT多期扫描可反映病灶的血供特点和病理学特征,对FNH具有重要的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.