Hospital information systems and the development of a national health information system

Hospitals require information to support medical quality assurance, cost containment, productivity improvement, utilization analysis, program planning and evaluation, research, and education. Although hospitals could benefit from participation in a national health information system, many would be reluctant to participate particularly if participation were federally mandated. Incentives to participation should include funding of developmental costs, standardized computer software, guarantees of system stability, and prompt reporting back to participating hospitals.     

借鉴德国标准 完善我国医院手术供应室质量管理

本文根据德国AESCULAP公司对国内部分三甲医院手术供应室质量调查分析报告,分析我国医院手术供应室建设跟发达国家尤其是德国手术供应室建设的不同。参考德国建设标准,提出进一步完善手术供应室质量建设的几点建议,以期能对我国医院手术供应室建设起促进作用。     

Hospital peer review and the National Practitioner Data Bank: clinical privileges action reports.

CONTEXT: The National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) is believed to be an important source of information for peer review activities by the majority of those who use it. However, concern has been raised that hospitals may be underreporting physicians with performance problems to the NPDB. OBJECTIVE: To examine variation in clinical privileges action reporting by hospitals to the NPDB, changes in reporting over time, and the association of hospital characteristics with reporting. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of privileges action reports to the NPDB between 1991 and 1995, linked with the 1992 and 1995 databases from the Annual Survey of Hospitals conducted by the American Hospital Association. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4743 short-term, nonfederal, general medical/surgical hospitals throughout the United States that were continuously open between 1991-1995 and registered with the NPDB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Reporting of 1 or more privileges actions during the 5-year study period and (2) privileges action reporting rates (numbers of actions reported per 100000 admissions). RESULTS: Study hospitals reported 3328 privileges actions between 1991 and 1995; 34.2% reported 1 or more actions during the period. The range of privileges action reporting rates for these hospitals was 0.40 to 52.27 per 100000 admissions, with an overall rate of 2.36 per 100000 admissions. The proportion of hospitals reporting an action decreased from 11.6% in 1991 to 10.0% in 1995 (P=.008). After adjustment for other factors, urban hospitals had significantly higher reporting than rural hospitals (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.43]), while members of the Council of Teaching Hospitals of the Association of American Medical Colleges had significantly lower reporting than nonmembers (adjusted OR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.40-0.73]). There were notable regional differences in reporting, with the east south Central region having the lowest rate per 100000 admissions (1.49 [95% CI, 1.33-1.65]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate a low and declining level of hospital privileges action reporting to the NPDB. Several potential explanations exist, 1 of which is that the information reported to the NPDB is incomplete.     

某军队医院2011~2015年临床科室运行效率评价

目的 应用数据包络分析(DEA)评价2011~2015年某军队医院临床科室运行效率.方法 基于 DEA的CCR模型和BCC模型对某军队医院临床科室运行效率进行测算.结果 临床科室平均综合技术效率值为0.83,各年度无明显变化,内科系统平均综合技术效率值0.81,低于外科系统的0.87;平均纯技术效率值0.72,有下降趋势,外科系统平均纯技术效率值0.74,高于内科系统的0.68;平均规模效率值0.87,无明显变化,外科系统平均规模效率值0.93,明显高于内科系统的0.77;规模收益状态呈递增趋势科室居多,仅有1个科室规模收益状态呈递减.结论 部分临床科室运行效率仍有上升空间,新形势下军队医院需积极调整跟进.     

基于诊断相关组的北京地区某中西医结合医院住院医疗绩效分析

目的对比2017年研究医院与标杆医院住院医疗指标,通过诊断相关组(DRGs)评价研究医院住院医疗绩效水平。方法选取2017年1～12月研究医院9760例住院患者为研究对象,涉及DRGs组数334组,以北京诊断相关组分组方式,分析研究医院出院病例与标杆医院的病例组合指数(CMI)、费用效率指数、时间效率指数、低风险死亡率、中低风险死亡率等指标。结果研究医院CMI为0.78,标杆医院0.98;研究医院费用消耗指数0.83,标杆医院0.90;研究医院时间消耗指数1.18,标杆医院1.09;研究医院低风险死亡率0.22%,标杆医院0.01%;研究医院中高风险死亡率6.45%,标杆医院2.96%;研究医院高风险死亡率25.81%,标杆医院19.62%。结论与标杆医院对比,研究医院DRG组数少,CMI偏低,费用消耗指数偏低,时间消耗指数偏高,低风险死亡率偏高,中高风险及高风险死亡率高于标杆医院。数据说明研究医院疾病诊疗广度低于标杆医院,医疗技术难度低于标杆医院,平均住院日高于标杆医院。诊断相关组可做为评估医院医疗质量的方法。     

1988年上海地区甲型肝炎传播途径的探讨——120对配对病例对照研究

120对1:2配对病例对照研究结果表明,1988年上海地区甲型肝炎暴发流行与接触肝炎患者、外出用餐、注射或输血、服用某些药物等传播途径无关,而与生食毛蚶有关(OR=23.20,X~2=69.22,p<0.0001),且罹患甲型肝炎的危险性OR值随生食毛蚶量上升(X_t~2=62.11,p<0.0001),控制年龄混杂因素后,仍有剂量反应关系。病例家属和(或)对照家属生食毛蚶者比未生食毛蚶者罹患甲型肝炎的危险性要高(OR=9.01,X~(MH)~2=29.97,p<0.0001)。     

Chronic-pharma: New Platform for Chronic Patients Pharmacotherapy Optimization

Over half of hospital revenue results from perioperative patient care, thus emphasizing the importance of efficient resource utilization within a hospital’s suite of operating rooms (ORs). Predicting surgical case duration, including Anesthesia-controlled time (ACT) and Surgical-controlled time (SCT) has been significantly detailed throughout the literature as a means to help manage and predict OR scheduling. However, this information has previously been divided by surgical specialty, and only limited benchmarking data regarding ACT and SCT exists. We hypothesized that advancing the granularity of the ACT and SCT from surgical specialty to specific Current Procedural Terminology (CPT^®) codes will produce data that is more accurate, less variable, and therefore more useful for OR schedule modeling and management. This single center study was conducted using times from surgeries performed at the University of Colorado Hospital (UCH) between September 2018 – September 2019. Individual cases were categorized by surgical specialty based on the specialty of the primary attending surgeon and CPT codes were compiled from billing data. Times were calculated as defined by the American Association of Clinical Directors. I² values were calculated to assess heterogeneity of mean ACT and SCT times while Levene’s test was utilized to assess heterogeneity of ACT and SCT variances. Statistical analyses for both ACT and SCT were calculated using JMP Statistical Discovery Software from SAS (Cary, NC) and R v3.6.3 (Vienna, Austria). All surgical cases (n?=?87,537) performed at UCH from September 2018 to September 2019 were evaluated and 30,091 cases were included in the final analysis. All surgical subspecialties, with the exception of Podiatry, showed significant variability in ACT and SCT values between CPT codes within each surgical specialty. Furthermore, the variances of ACT and SCT values were also highly variable between CPT codes within each surgical specialty. Finally, benchmarking values of mean ACT and SCT with corresponding standard deviations are provided. Because each mean ACT and SCT value varies significantly between different CPT codes within a surgical specialty, using this granularity of data will likely enable improved accuracy in surgical schedule modeling compared to using mean ACT and SCT values for each surgical specialty as a whole. Furthermore, because there was significant variability of ACT and SCT variances between CPT codes, incorporating variance into surgical schedule modeling may also improve accuracy. Future investigations should include real-time simulations, logistical modeling, and labor utilization analyses as well as validation of benchmarking times in private practice settings.

     

三级公立医院绩效考核数据监测系统设计与实现

详细阐述三级公立医院绩效考核数据监测系统设计与实现,包括开发需求、基本功能和运行成效,指出该系统的应用可有效提高数据提取效率,为三级公立医院绩效考核数据监测和指标上报提供坚实的信息支撑。     

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in New York City. Evaluation of an active surveillance system

In January 1983, the New York City Department of Health initiated an active surveillance program for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 19 hospitals and a modified-active surveillance program in the remaining 69 hospitals. We reviewed hospital laboratory and autopsy records in 12 active surveillance hospitals and three modified-active surveillance hospitals six months later. Patients who had opportunistic diseases characteristic of AIDS diagnosed in 1982 (before active surveillance) and 1983 (after implementation of active surveillance) were matched against health department AIDS surveillance reports. For the 16 months we evaluated, 96% of patients identified with AIDS in the 12 active surveillance hospitals and 100% of those in the three modified-active surveillance hospitals had been reported to the health department. The delay between diagnosing a case and reporting it to the health department significantly decreased between 1981 and the first six months of 1983 in all hospitals. The proportion of cases reported within one month of diagnosis increased from 45% to 69% during this period. We conclude that the current surveillance program for AIDS in New York City is effective and that case reporting is sufficiently complete for accurate analysis of disease trends.     

A survey of medical quality assurance programs in Ontario hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and types of medical quality assurance practices in Ontario hospitals. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: All teaching, community, chronic care, rehabilitation and psychiatric hospitals that were members of the Ontario Hospital Association as of May 1990. PARTICIPANTS: The person deemed by the chief executive officer of each hospital to be most responsible for medical administration. INTERVENTION: A questionnaire to obtain information on each hospital's use of criteria audit, indicators inventory, occurrence screening and reporting, and utilization review and management (URM) activities. OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of the use of the quality assurance activities, the people responsible for the activities and the relative success of the URM program in modifying physicians' performance. RESULTS: Of the 245 member hospitals participants from 179 (73%) responded. Criteria audits were performed in 136 (76%), indicators inventory in 43 (24%), occurrence screening in 44 (25%), occurrence reporting in 61 (34%) and URM in 123 (69%). In-hospital deaths were reviewed in 157 (88%) of the hospitals. In all, 87 (55%) of the respondents from hospitals that had a URM program or were developing one indicated that their program was successful in modifying physicians' practices, and 29 (18%) reported that it was not successful; 26 (16%) stated that the effect was still unknown, and 16 (10%) did not respond. Seventy (40%) stated that results of tissue reviews were reported at least 10 times per year and 94 (83%) that medical record reviews were reported at least as often. The differences in the prevalence of the quality assurance activities between the hospitals were not found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: Many Ontario hospitals are conducting a wide variety of quality assurance activities. Further study is required to determine whether the differences in prevalence of these activities between hospitals would be significant in a larger, perhaps national, sample. Strategies are needed to ensure universal involvement and participation in the improvement of the quality of care and the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of health care treatments. Recommendations to achieve these objectives are suggested.     

Cholelithiasis: length-of-stay analysis in two series of surgical patients

Two series of patients undergoing surgical treatment for cholelithiasis at Hornsby Hospital are described. Data are drawn from the routine morbidity reporting system of the hospital and processed by manual techniques. The morbidity data presented in this analysis demonstrate the capacity of currently operating reporting systems to provide diagnosis-specific information, and to describe the behaviour of relevant subgroups within a "diagnostic population". The need for specificity when attempting to make comparisons of length-of-stay "performance" either between or within hospitals is highlighted.     

Nursing-related patient safety events in hospitals

To explore the method of identifying nursing-related patient safety events, types, contributing factors and evaluate consequences of these events in hospitals of China, incident report program was established and implemented in 15 patient units in two teaching hospitals of China to get the relevant information. Among 2935 hospitalized patients, 141 nursing-related patient safety events were reported by nurses. Theses events were categorized into 15 types. Various factors contributed to the events and the consequence varied from no harm to patient death. Most of the events were pre- ventable. It is concluded that incident reporting can provide more information about patient safety, and establishment of a program of voluntary incident reporting in hospitals of China is not only urgent but also feasible.     

襄阳地区三甲医院神经内科护士流失原因分析及对策

目的：探讨襄阳地区三甲医院神经内科护士流失的原因,并制订相应的对策。方法：对2008～2010年襄阳地区三甲医院流失的神经内科护士的情况进行问卷调查分析。结果：工作负荷过重、收入与付出悬殊较大、工作压力大等原因是造成神经内科护士流失的主要原因。流失护士中有50%是起着中流砥柱作用的25～35岁者、护师及大专学历者。护士流失率有逐年增加的趋势。结论：管理者应采取有效措施缓解神经内科护士压力,促进护理队伍稳定及护理质量的提高。这些措施可包括增加人员配备、提高护士薪酬、加强业务培训、实行人性化管理等。     

Use of claims data systems to evaluate health care outcomes. Mortality and reoperation following prostatectomy

Data maintained by medical insurance plans can be used to evaluate the incidence of death and nonfatal complications following medical care, to test hypotheses about the outcomes of care, and to identify hospitals with unusually high or low death rates. These uses are illustrated for prostatectomy, utilizing claims data from the Maine Medicare and Manitoba Health Services Commission files. The study shows important differences in death rates between individual hospitals and higher cumulative probability of reoperation following transurethral compared with open prostatectomy. The advantages of claims data are low cost, ease of patient follow-up over long periods, and the absence of reporting bias. The limitations are the adequacy of the data used to control for patient comorbidity and the lack of outcome information on functional status. The effective use of claims data for monitoring requires the active participation of physicians in improving the data base and interpreting the findings.     

北京市三级公立医院效率及其影响因素

目的：评价北京市2006-2015年间三级公立医院的综合技术效率,探讨其影响因素,并提出相应的政策建议。方法：使用数据包络分析测算北京市三级公立医院的综合技术效率、单纯技术效率和规模效率,利用Malmquist指数模型分析其动态效率情况,最后运用随机效应面板Tobit模型分析综合技术效率影响因素。结果：北京市三级公立医院的平均综合技术效率和单纯技术效率水平较高,分别由2006年的0.44和0.51升至2015年的0.62和0.68,两种效率值在0.5～0.8之间所占比例最高;规模效率值绝大部分分布于0.8～1.0之间,大部分医院处于规模报酬递减状态;医院全要素生产率平均每年以5.78%的速度进步,得益于技术效率和生产技术分别以年3.77%和1.94%的速度在进步,进一步分解技术效率进步,单纯技术效率在以年3.21%的平均速度进步,规模效率仅有0.53%的年平均进步速度。综合技术效率与床位周转率、医师年均担负诊疗人次、医护比呈正相关,与床位数、门诊住院人次比、卫生技术人员占比和药占比呈负相关。结论：严格控制三级公立医院规模,注重医院生产技术的创新和应用,转变医院内部管理水平和管理模式,推进精细化管理,以实现可持续发展。     

Innovative Power of Health Care Organisations Affects IT Adoption: A bi-National Health IT Benchmark Comparing Austria and Germany

Multinational health IT benchmarks foster cross-country learning and have been employed at various levels, e.g. OECD and Nordic countries. A bi-national benchmark study conducted in 2007 revealed a significantly higher adoption of health IT in Austria compared to Germany, two countries with comparable healthcare systems. We now investigated whether these differences still persisted. We further studied whether these differences were associated with hospital intrinsic factors, i.e. the innovative power of the organisation and hospital demographics. We thus performed a survey to measure the “perceived IT availability” and the “innovative power of the hospital” of 464 German and 70 Austrian hospitals. The survey was based on a questionnaire with 52 items and was given to the directors of nursing in 2013/2014. Our findings confirmed a significantly greater IT availability in Austria than in Germany. This was visible in the aggregated IT adoption composite score “IT function” as well as in the IT adoption for the individual functions “nursing documentation” (OR?=?5.98), “intensive care unit (ICU) documentation” (OR?=?2.49), “medication administration documentation” (OR?=?2.48), “electronic archive” (OR?=?2.27) and “medication” (OR?=?2.16). “Innovative power” was the strongest factor to explain the variance of the composite score “IT function”. It was effective in hospitals of both countries but significantly more effective in Austria than in Germany. “Hospital size” and “hospital system affiliation” were also significantly associated with the composite score “IT function”, but they did not differ between the countries. These findings can be partly associated with the national characteristics. Indicators point to a more favourable financial situation in Austrian hospitals; we thus argue that Austrian hospitals may possess a larger degree of financial freedom to be innovative and to act accordingly. This study is the first to empirically demonstrate the effect of “innovative power” in hospitals on health IT adoption in a bi-national health IT benchmark. We recommend directly including the financial situation into future regression models. On a political level, measures to stimulate the “innovative power” of hospitals should be considered to increase the digitalisation of healthcare.     

基于数据包络法和TOPSIS法的广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率综合评价

目的 分析2008~2015年广西乡镇卫生院的医疗服务情况,评价广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率.方法 收集广西2008~2015年广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务数据,运用数据包络法和TOPSIS法进行综合评价.结果 从2008年到2015年广西乡镇卫生院机构的数量增长幅度逐渐变小,2013年开始逐年减少,床位数逐年升高,卫生技术人员总人数呈上升趋势,但其中的医生数呈下降趋势.2010年乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率规模无效,规模报酬递减,2013年广西乡镇卫生院医疗服务效率最高.结论 从2013年到2015年广西乡镇卫生院存在医生流失的现象,广西乡镇卫生院依然存在人力资源匮乏的问题,过度的医疗资源投入并不能收获更高效的回报.     

Utilisation of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in Queensland

OBJECTIVES: To determine patient participation rates in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) programs; ascertain the barriers to participation; and evaluate the quality of OCR programs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study of patient separations from selected public and private Queensland hospitals; questionnaire survey of hospitals and all registered OCR programs. PARTICIPANTS: Patients discharged with cardiac diagnoses between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 from 31 hospitals (24 public; 7 private). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of referral of hospitalised patients to OCR programs; rates of program attendance and completion; barriers to OCR referral and attendance. RESULTS: 15 186 patients were discharged with cardiac diagnoses from participating hospitals, of whom 4346 (29%) were referred to an OCR program after discharge, compared with an estimated 59% (8895/15 186) of patients who were eligible for such a program. Proportionately more patients were referred from secondary (38% [1720/4500]) and private (52% [2116/4031]; P < 0.001) hospitals than from tertiary (25% [2626/10 686]) and public (20% [2230/11 155]) hospitals. Patients undergoing coronary revascularisation procedures comprised 35% of discharges, but accounted for 56% of all program attendances. Fewer than a third of all referred patients completed OCR programs, and only 39% of available OCR program places were fully utilised. Catchment populations of programs with unused places had excess coronary mortality. CONCLUSION: There is significant underutilisation of facility-based OCR programs in Queensland. Procedures are required for identifying and referring eligible patients to existing programs and improving program compliance. Alternative OCR models are also required.     

Employee rubella screening programs in Arizona hospitals

One year after voluntary guidelines on rubella screening of hospital employees were issued by the Arizona Department of Health, a survey of 68 members of the Arizona Hospital Association was conducted, with an 81% response. Some form of employee rubella screening was present in only 49% of responding hospitals. Of the screening hospitals, 70% of programs had a mandatory aspect for selected employees. Administrative logistics, cost, problems encountered, and the quality and coverage of the program varied substantially among the different hospitals. Fewer than half of the screening hospitals had programs for physicians, students, or volunteers. Verbal histories of immunization or serological tests, although notoriously unreliable, were accepted by 14% of the screening hospitals. Half of the nonscreening hospitals plan to implement programs in the future. Reasons given for not establishing rubella screening programs include cost, no pediatric or obstetric service, liability issues, high turnover, and no previous case of rubella in an employee. Three hospitals (all screening) reported they had had a case of rubella in an employee. The data suggest slow partial compliance with recommendations for rubella screening in hospitals.     

Factors Affecting Satisfaction Level with the Food Services in a Military Hospital

Objective: To determine the factors affecting general satisfaction level of patients with the food services in a military hospital in Turkey. Study design: The study was carried out in a military hospital providing tertiary health care services with the capacity of 1000 hospital bed. A questionnaire was used as data collection tool on measuring satisfaction of the patients with the food services. Results: The results showed that of 374 patients 51.3% evaluated food service quality adequate, 32.4% said that the food quality was inadequate, and 16.3% stated that they were uncertain. A logistic regression model was estimated in determining the most important and statistically significant factors affecting patient satisfaction with hospital foods and food services. The results showed that patient-specific demographic characteristics were insignificant in explaining satisfaction level with food services, but the variables of taste (OR = 9.853, p = 0.000) and appearance (OR = 2.687, p = 0.014) of the food were statistically significant and important determinants of patient satisfaction with the foods served at the hospital. Conclusions: The results of this study would be helpful in making decision on increasing the level of satisfaction of patients with the food services for hospital managers and the food (nutrition) departments. On the other hand, the results can also be used in benchmarking the hospital's food services quality with other hospitals, and in monitoring improvements in food services quality in the future.