Characteristics of the receptors in the isolated capsule of the hip in the cat

Summary The properties of the afferent fibres from the capsule of the hip joint have been studied in the cat in situ, in relation to joint rotation, and in an isolated capsule preparation which was opened and stretched directly with an actuator.In situ two types of afferent fibres were found, those having a full range of sensitivity and others having only a limited range in response to the joint rotation. When studied in isolated tissue the afferent fibres of the capsule were uniform in threshold and sensitivities, and no full range receptors were found. We conclude that the full range receptors which enter the articular nerve of the hip are spindle afferents and not capsule receptors. On the basis of these and previous results in animals and man the role of joint receptors in kinaesthesia and position sense is discussed.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié les propriétés des nerfs afférents à la capsule de la hanche, chez le chat en imprimant à l'articulation des mouvements de rotation et sur des préparations de capsule isolée et ouverte en l'étirant directement grâce à un dispositif mécanique.In situ, on a trouvé deux types de nerfs afférents, les uns ayant en réponse à la rotation articulaire une étendue complète de sensibilité et les autres seulement une sensibilité limitée. Sur la capsule isolée les nerfs afférents sont indentiques en ce qui concerne le seuil et la sensibilité et on ne trouve aucun récepteur complet. On en conclut que les récepteurs de toute l'étendue de la sensibilité qui pénètrent les nerfs articulaires de la hanche sont des fibres en fuseau d'origine musculaire et non des récepteurs capsulaires. Sur ces bases et sur les résultats précédemment obtenus chez l'animal et chez l'homme, les auteurs discutent le rôle des récepteurs articulaires dans la cénesthésie et le sens des positions.

     

Variation in the course of vessels in the vicinity of the hepatic port in biliary atresia

Among 114 patients with biliary atresia, the type of obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct and the course of the hepatic artery, cystic artery, and portal vein were determined and analyzed from the view point of their mutual relationships and in comparison with postoperative bile excretion. As a result, the following findings characteristic of biliary atresia were obtained: (1) The course and location of the extrahepatic bile duct did not deviate greatly from normal conditions, excluding some exceptional cases, but the site of the origin of the cystic artery differed from that in normal cases. (2) The pattern of the course of the vessels varied among different types of obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct. (3) There was a difference in postoperative bile excretion in relation to the type of obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct, the course of the vessels, and their combinations.     

Change in the value of palliative interventions in cancer of the head of the pancreas

An analysis of 412 patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas treated only with palliative procedures revealed remarkable differences in the results following internal anastomosis procedures and external T-tube drainage. The anastomosis group showed in comparing the years 1963-1982 with the years 1983-1987 a decline in the frequency of such procedures from 89% to 54% and a decline of the mortality from 12% to 4% while the survival time (220 days) showed no change. According to the low mortality rate we prefer internal anastomosis procedures to PTCD. However, as the results of T-tube drainage are still poor (mortality rate 36%; survival time 190 days) an attempt of PTCD seems indicated if the untreatable situation is recognized preoperative, as PTCD achieves similar results as T-tube drainage.     

Arthrography in the diagnosis of fractures of the distal end of the humerus in infants

Single-contrast arthrography was performed in six infants who had an injury to the elbow because the exact nature of the injury was uncertain from interpretation of the plain radiographs and clinical findings. A correct diagnosis was made in all six patients, and it significantly altered the treatment in five. Four lesions were a Salter-Harris Type-I fracture and two were a Salter-Harris Type-II fracture. Three patients had a closed reduction, two required no reduction, and one had an open reduction. Child abuse of two infants was confirmed, and it was suspected in another two.     

巨噬细胞在肾结石形成中作用的研究进展

近年来,随着尿石生长动力学研究的不断深入,人们认识到结石的形成是由结晶的成核、凝集、生长等过程发展而来的,只要抑制其中一个过程就可能达到抑制尿路结石的形成.肾间质中晶体周围浸润的大量单核/巨噬细胞,使人们想到巨噬细胞在结石形成过程中可能起到一定的作用,但其具体的作用机制还有待于研究.随着相关研究的进一步深入,巨噬细胞可能会成为结石防治的新靶点.     

Incarceration of the meniscus in fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia in children

Four cases of trapping of the meniscus in type II or III fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia in children are reported. At operation the fragments could not be apposed until the meniscus had been lifted out of the fracture. In our opinion, if they had not been operated on these patients would have had persistent trouble in the knee, including non-union, loss of extension and laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament. We therefore recommend either operation for type II and type III lesions or arthroscopy. If the meniscus is trapped we suggest that it should be lifted out and the fragments apposed under arthroscopic control.     

胰头癌不同根治术术式的选择原则

世界各国胰腺癌的发病率均呈上升趋势,手术切除仍是治愈胰腺癌最可能的途径。由于胰腺的解剖关系,胰头癌的切除率尤其是根治性切除率低、预后差。为改善手术治疗效果,在实践的过程中提出了不同的手术方式,但各有优缺点,不同的治疗中心得出了不同的结论。笔者对治疗胰腺癌不同的手术方法进行比较,并总结实施这些手术的经验和本单位的体会对胰头癌手术方式的选择进行探讨。胰十二指肠切除术1898年意大利Codivilla为1例胰头癌病人行胰头及十二指肠大部切除术,开创了胰腺癌手术治疗的先河。1935年后W hipple在此基础上对手术进行了改进,创立了…     

Efficiency of ultrasound in the detection of the viability of hydatid cysts in the liver

The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between viability of the hydatid cyst and its ultrasonic appearance (Gharbi classification). To evaluate cyst viability, the criteria that were reported by the World Health Organization in 1982 for both the microbiological evaluation of the cystic fluid and the pathological evaluation of the cyst wall were used. In this study, the possibility of being viable was high in Type I cysts; the possibility of being dead was high in Type IV cysts. It is concluded that there is a relationship between ultrasonic appearance and the evolution of hydatid cysts.