Effect of an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor,SM-20550, on ischemic preconditioning in rabbits

The effects of SM-20550 [N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide methanesulfonic acid], an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, on ischemic preconditioning (IPC) were studied in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Anesthetized rabbits underwent occlusion of the coronary artery (30 min) followed by reperfusion (5 h). In SM-20550-treated animals, SM-20550 was intravenously administered at 0.03 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg before ischemia (30 min). Treatment with SM-20550 at 0.03 mg/kg had a nonsignificant tendency to reduce infarct size (18%). In contrast, 0.1 mg/kg of SM-20550 significantly reduced infarct size by 62%. In animals with IPC, the condition was induced by 2 or 5 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion prior to sustained ischemia (30 min). Although 5 min of IPC significantly reduced infarct size by 72%, 2 min of IPC reduced infarct size by only 27%, which was not significant. The combination of 5 min of IPC and 0.1 mg/kg of SM-20550 significantly reduced infarct size by 78%. This reduction in infarct size was similar to that produced by 0.1 mg/kg SM-20550 or 5 min of IPC alone. Moreover, the combination of 2 min of IPC and 0.03 mg/kg of SM-20550 significantly reduced infarct size by 64%, although neither 0.03 mg/kg SM-20550 nor 2 min of IPC alone reduced infarct size significantly. These results indicate that an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor SM-20550, does not antagonize the cardioprotective effect of IPC. SM-20550 and IPC appeared to act synergistically to exert a combined cardioprotective effect.     

The effect of an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, SM-20550, on ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction in isolated perfused rat hearts

The aim of this study was to test the protective effect of an Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) inhibitor, SM-20550, on ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 20 min of reperfusion and their responses to the endothelial-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, and the endothelial-independent vasodilator, nitroglycerin, before and after ischemia were examined. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired after ischemia/reperfusion while nitroglycerin induced relaxation was not. Administration of 1-10 nmol/l SM-20550 [N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide methanesulfonic acid] before and after ischemia prevented impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation. To further understand the mechanism of SM-20550 in protecting endothelial function, we measured the inhibitory activity of SM-20550 on NHE in cultured endothelial cells. SM-20550 (1-100 nmol/l) inhibited recovery from acidosis induced by an NH4Cl prepulse in a concentration-dependent manner. Oxygen radicals from endothelial cells and leukocytes are one of the major sources of endothelial cell injury during ischemia and reperfusion. Consequently, we tested the effect of SM-20550 on H2O2-induced endothelial cell injury. SM-20550 (100-1,000 nmol/l) prevented H2O2-induced cell injury measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay. In conclusion, SM-20550 inhibited NHE in endothelial cells, protected ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction and prevented H2O2-induced endothelial cell injury at higher concentrations.     

Cardioprotection of SM-15681, an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor in ischemic and hypoxic isolated perfused rat hearts

We investigated the effects of SM-15681 (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide monohydrochloride) on Na+/H+ exchange activity in the myocardium and in ischemic and hypoxic injury in isolated perfused rat hearts. These effects were compared with those of ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Na+/H+ exchange activity was studied with a NH4Cl prepulse technique under HCO3(-)-free conditions. SM-15681 (10(-8)-10(-7) M) inhibited pH recovery of acidosis in the rat myocardium in a concentration-dependent manner and the IC50 value of SM-15681 (80 nM) was similar to that of EIPA. In perfused rat hearts, SM-15681 (10(-6) M) and EIPA (10(-6) M) significantly improved cardiac functions and prevented enzyme release and abnormal elevation of tissue Ca2+ content during 20 min of reperfusion after 40 min of ischemia and 20 min of reoxygenation after 30 min of hypoxia. We conclude that an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, SM-15681, shows cardioprotective effects on ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Our results also support the hypothesis that Na+/H+ exchange contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiac ischemic reperfusion injury.     

The effects of peripheral leukocytes on the hippocampal neuronal changes in transient global ischemia and unilateral cerebral hemispheric infarction.

The participation of activated leukocytes and subsequent production of chemical mediators has been well accepted in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury. This study was performed to see the effects of leukocytes on hippocampal neuronal damage in transient global ischemia induced by 10-min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs) with reperfusion for various times, and in complete unilateral ischemia induced by 24-hr ligation of left CCA. Leukopenia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide for 4 days. The results showed that hippocampal neuronal damages were worse at 6-hr reperfusion in leukopenic experimental group than in the control group. In comparison, 24-hr and 3-day reperfusion leukopenic groups showed less numbers of damaged neurons and milder changes. The 5-day reperfusion group showed inconsistent changes. Unilateral CCA occlusion showed extensive infarction in 83.3% of gerbils in the control group, compared to 25% of gerbils in the experimental group (p<0.05). These results strongly suggest that the number of peripheral leukocytes were closely related to the development of delayed neuronal damage of hippocampus in transient global ischemia and the incidence of infarction induced by 24-hr unilateral CCA ligation.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的作用

目的：观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。 方法： 采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支30 min，然后松开再灌注60 min的方法，复制大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。实验分假手术组、缺血再灌注组（IR）、EGCG不同剂量治疗组和丹参（SM）组。用原位缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测心肌凋亡细胞，用链酶亲和素-生物素-酶复合物（SABC）免疫组化法检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。 结果： 在假手术组未发现凋亡细胞，IR组细胞凋亡明显，Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达增加，但以Bax更明显，Bcl-2/Bax值显著低于假手术组（P<0.01）；EGCG组凋亡细胞明显少于IR组，Bcl-2表达显著大于而Bax表达显著少于IR组，Bcl-2/Bax值显著高于IR组（P<0.01）。 结论： EGCG能明显抑制IR引起的心肌细胞凋亡，其作用机制可能与下调Bax和上调Bcl-2蛋白表达，提高Bcl-2/Bax值有一定关系。     

远期缺血预适应激活热休克蛋白27、促红细胞生成素、血红素加氧酶1对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响**

背景：缺血再灌注损伤是临床导致急性肾衰竭等其他疾病的重要原因,其机制为多因素、多途径的复杂的病理过程。 目的：观察肾脏进行预处理后激活热休克蛋白、促红细胞生成素和血红素加氧酶1对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响。 方法：雄性C57BL/6小鼠90只随机分成3组。缺血再灌注组为右肾切除,左肾缺血25 min再灌注24 h;预适应组为双侧肾脏缺血20 min再灌注8 d后再进行缺血再灌注。假手术组开腹游离肾蒂。 结果与结论：血清肌酐和尿素氮检测预适应组和假手术组明显低于缺血再灌注组(P < 0.01);MPO染色发现缺血再灌注组大量中性粒细胞浸润(P < 0.01);PAS染色发现预适应组肾组织病理情况轻于缺血再灌注组(P < 0.05);TUNEL染色分析结果表明预适应组和假手术组细胞凋亡数明显少于缺血再灌注组(P < 0.01);预适应组热休克蛋白27 mRNA表达明显高于缺血再灌注和假手术组(P < 0.05),热休克蛋白27 mRNA于第8天时最强,促红细胞生成素、血红素加氧酶1 mRNA在24~    48 h达到峰值A,然后逐渐下降,第8天后达到峰值B,B>A,并且高于假手术组(P < 0.01)。提示远期缺血预适应激活热休克蛋白27、促红细胞生成素、血红素加氧酶1,能减少炎症因子浸润、促进肾小管细胞修复和抑制细胞凋亡从而参与肾脏内源性保护机制。     

不同缺血后调适方案对大鼠模型肢体骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

背景：近年来不少文献报道缺血后调适在多种组织器官包括心肌和骨骼肌都能激发自身内在的对缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,而且不同方案引发的保护程度有差异,并表现出种属的特异性。 目的：比较不同缺血后调适方案对大鼠肢体骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并优选最佳方案。 方法：健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=9)：缺血再灌注组和不同缺血后调适3个组。各组大鼠均于右侧股动脉进行缺血再灌注实验操作,并分离左侧股动脉作为自身假手术对照,其中缺血再灌注组给予右侧股动脉缺血4 h再灌注24 h;缺血后调适3个组分别于4 h缺血后立即施加4个循环分别为10 s再灌/10 s缺血、30 s再灌/30 s缺血、1 min再灌/1 min缺血的后调适操作,再灌注24 h。各组实验结束后抽血检测乳酸脱氢酶,取样腓肠肌测算湿干质量(湿/干)比值、检测髓过氧化物酶和丙二醛,取样胫前肌电镜观察骨骼肌病理变化。 结果与结论：4个循环的30 s再灌/30 s缺血组湿/干值显著低于缺血再灌注组(P < 0.05),其余2个缺血后调适组与缺血再灌注组差异不明显(P > 0.05)。血浆乳酸脱氢酶、组织髓过氧化物酶和丙二醛值缺血后调适3组均低于缺血再灌注组(P < 0.05),缺血后调适组间未见明显差异。4个循环的30 s再灌/30 s缺血组电镜下骨骼肌线粒体嵴的空泡变性程度、肌原纤维结构清晰程度和细胞核完整性较缺血再灌注组均有明显改善,其余2个缺血后调适组超微结构较缺血再灌注组也有不同程度改善。结果提示缺血后调适对大鼠骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,4个循环30 s再灌/30 s缺血方案的保护效果最明显,可作为进一步实验研究的基础。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

脂质体介导的VEGF质粒对成年大鼠脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质内P-MeCP2表达的影响

目的观察脂质体介导的VEGF质粒对成年大鼠脑缺血再灌注后大脑神经元phosphorylation of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (P-MeCP2)表达的影响,探讨VEGF促进缺血损伤后神经元新生的可能机制,进一步为VEGF治疗缺血性脑中风提供实验和理论依据。方法 30只SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(sham组)、质粒组(VEGF组)和对照质粒组(vehicle组),采用左侧大脑中动脉线栓(MCAO)模型,侧脑室给药,免疫印迹、免疫荧光三标染色及激光共聚焦扫描技术等方法检测P-MeCP2的表达。结果再灌2周VEGF质粒组P-MeCP2、BrdU和NeuN同时表达于缺血侧大脑皮质神经元,而缺血对侧没有找到,VEGF质粒组皮质内P-MeCP2的表达较对照组、假手术组显著增高(p<0.01)。结论脂质体介导的VEGF质粒能促进成年大鼠脑缺血神经元的新生,可能与上调P-MeCP2的表达有关。     

Polymerized human placenta hemoglobin given before ischemia protects rat heart from ischemia reperfusion injury

This study was to investigate whether polymerized human placenta hemoglobin (PolyPHb) given before ischemia protects in vivo rat heart function against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided (n = 15 per group) into a sham group, control group (pretreatment with Lactated Ringer's solution), or PolyPHb group (pretreatment with 0.1 gHb/kg PolyPHb). Rat hearts were subjected to 30-min ischemia by occlusion of left anterior descending, followed by 2-hr reperfusion. As compared to the control group, PolyPHb preserved cardiac function and reduced cardiac troponin-I release and histopathological changes. Therefore, PolyPHb pretreatment provided a profound cardioprotective effect on the in vivo rat heart.     

挥发性麻醉药对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的： 研究挥发性麻醉药对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法： SD大鼠136只，随机分为17组，每组8只。采用Langendorff离体大鼠心脏模型。按给药方式分为6大组：假手术组（含1亚组）：自然灌流85 min;对照组（含4亚组）：平衡15 min为1亚组，平衡后续灌15 min为1亚组，平衡续灌后缺血10 min为1亚组，平衡续灌缺血25 min后复灌30 min为1亚组;氟烷组（含3亚组）：平衡15 min后，灌注含1.5 MAC氟烷灌注液15 min为1亚组，平衡续灌含药液后缺血10 min为1亚组，平衡续灌缺血25 min复灌含1.5 MAC氟烷的灌注液30 min为1亚组;1.5 MAC的恩氟烷、异氟烷、七氟烷大组，各大组包括3亚组，处理同氟烷组。记录各组心脏在平衡15 min、给药后(或续灌15 min)、复灌30min的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室压力升高或降低最大速率(±dp/dtmax)、心率（HR）、冠脉流量（CF）。实验结束后测定心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、心肌丙二醛（MDA）含量、高能磷酸盐（ATP）含量、Na＋-K＋-ATP酶、Ca2＋-ATP酶活性。结果： （1）恩氟烷、异氟烷、七氟烷组在给药后CF高于对照组（P<0.05）；各用药组在给药后LVDP、±dp/dtmax低于对照组（P<0.01）、而LVEDP高于对照组（P<0.05）；复灌30 min各用药组LVDP、±dp/dtmax高于对照组（P<0.01）。氟烷、异氟烷组在给药后和复灌30 min的HR低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（2）各用药组在缺血前、缺血期和复灌30 min的心肌ATP含量高于及复灌30 min SOD活性高于对照组，MDA含量低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（3）氟烷、恩氟烷、异氟烷组在缺血前Ca2＋-ATP酶活性低于对照组、各用药组在缺血期和复灌30 min此酶活性高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（4）在复灌30min，氟烷组的Na＋-K＋-ATP酶活性高于对照组和其它3用药组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论： 挥发性麻醉药可抑制心肌收缩功能，对缺血再灌注心肌有保护作用。缺血再灌注后，能明显促进心肌功能与代谢的恢复，而且能提高CF、心肌Ca2＋-ATP酶及Na＋-K＋-ATP酶活性。     

Ultrastructural alterations during the critical phase of reperfusion: a stereological study in buffer-perfused isolated rat hearts.

The present study focuses on myocardial ultrastructural alterations during the early phase of reperfusion. Isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts were exposed to standard perfusion (control group,n = 10); 60 min of global ischemia (n = 10); 60 min of global ischemia followed by 2 min of reperfusion (n = 10); or 60 min of global ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion (n = 10). The hearts were perfusion-fixed for electron microscopy, and ultrastructural evaluation was performed using stereological technique in order to obtain an estimate of the volume fraction and absolute volume of different tissue components. EFFECT OF ISCHEMIA: Neither the ventricular nor the myocytic volume differed significantly from the respective control values. Both the myocytic mitochondrial volume (135+/-8 vs control 89+/-6 microl) and the volume of myocytic clear space (35+/-6 vs control 10+/-2 microl) were significantly increased. The capillary volume (22+/-4 vs control 58+/-6 microl) and the volume of the capillary lumen (15+/-3 vs control 48+/-5 microl) were significantly decreased. The volume of the capillary wall, however, was not altered after exposure to ischemia (7+/-3 vs control 10+/-1 microl). ADDITIVE EFFECT OF ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION: Both the ventricular volume (755+/-28 vs control 600+/-32 microl) and the myocytic volume (396+/-24 vs control 287+/-16 microl) were significantly increased after 10 min of reperfusion. EFFECT OF REPERFUSION: The ischemic-induced myocytic mitochondrial swelling and increase of clear space were not reinforced during reperfusion. Furthermore, the volume of the capillary lumen and the capillary wall did not alter significantly in the groups exposed to reperfusion compared to the ischemic hearts. In conclusion, stereological evaluation did not reveal significant aggravation of ischemic-induced myocardial injury during the early phase of reperfusion.     

Adipose Derived Stem Cells Protect Skin Flaps Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Background

Advances in the treatment of ischemia- reperfusion injury have created an opportunity for plastic surgeons to apply these treatments to flaps and implanted tissues. We examined the capability of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) to protect tissue against IRI using an extended inferior epigastric artery skin flap as a flap ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) model.

Methods

ADSCs were isolated from Lewis rats and cultured in vitro. Twenty- four rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was the sham group and did not undergo ischemic insult; rather, the flap was raised and immediately sutured back (non-ischemic control group). Group II (ischemia control) and group III (ADSCs treatment) underwent 3?h of ischemic insult. During reperfusion group III was treated by intravenous application of ADSCs and group II was left untreated. Five days postoperatively, flap survival and perfusion were assessed. Microvessel density was visualized by immunohistochemistry and semi- quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction addressed differential gene expression.

Results

Treatment with ADSCs significantly increased flap survival (p?p?Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrates that ADSCs treatment significantly enhances skin flap survival in the aftermath of ischemia to an extent that almost equals surgical results without ischemia. This effect is accompanied with a pronounced and significant angiogenic response and an improved blood perfusion.     

彩色多普勒超声评价肾缺血再灌注后模型兔肾动脉血流动力学变化及与肾功能的关系

背景：既往对肾缺血再灌注损伤诊断主要依靠实验室生化检查及病理检查,彩色多普勒超声仪能无创快速动态显示肾缺血再灌注后肾血流的变化。 目的：运用彩色多普勒超声评价兔肾缺血再灌注后肾动脉血流动力学变化,并探讨其与肾功能指标血尿素氮和血肌酐变化之间的相关性。 方法：随机数字表法将大白兔分为对照组、假手术组、缺血再灌注组。缺血再灌注组肾缺血再灌注模型;假手术组仅行右肾切除;对照组不作手术处理。前两组按照不同时间点再分为3个亚组进行观察。 结果与结论：随着兔肾缺血再灌注损伤加重,各级肾动脉收缩期峰值流速、搏动指数、阻力指数及血清尿素氮和血肌酐逐渐增大,24 h达高峰,叶间动脉最先出现改变血流动力学改变,其中阻力指数是反映肾缺血再灌注损伤程度最敏感指标。提示彩色多普勒超声是一种评价肾缺血再灌注损伤程度的有效方法。     

11,12-EET和缺血预处置对在体大鼠正常及再灌注心肌磷酸化ERK和p38MAPK表达的影响

目的:观察11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸(11,12-EET)和缺血预处置对大鼠再灌注心肌组织磷酸化ERK1/ERK2和p38 MAPK表达的影响,了解大鼠心肌磷酸化ERK1/ERK2和p38 MAPK表达与预处置有否关系。方法: 使用雄性Wistar大鼠,通过结扎(60 min)和松开(30 min)冠状动脉左前降支,复制缺血/再灌注模型;采用缺血5 min,再灌注5 min两次造成缺血预处置。大鼠经手术并静脉给予6.24×10^-8mol/L 11,12-EET,稳定20 min,结扎冠脉复制缺血/再灌注模型。实验分5组:①正常组(norm);②假手术组(sham);③缺血再灌注组(I/R);④短阵缺血预处置组(SI+I/R);⑤11,12-EET预处置缺血/再灌注组(EET+I/R)。采用Western blot法测定心肌细胞外调节的蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)和p38 MAPK的表达程度,并观察再灌注过程中心功能的变化。结果: 再灌注30 min时,I/R组+dp/dt_max%、-dp/dt_max%和LVDP均显著低于sham组、SI+I/R组和EET+I/R组(P＜0.05);而I/R组大鼠心肌ERK1/2磷酸化表达明显高于sham组(P＜0.05),明显低于SI+I/R组和EET+I/R组(P＜0.05);I/R组大鼠心肌p38 MAPK磷酸化表达I/R组显著高于sham组、norm组、SI+I/R及EET+I/R组(P＜0.05)。结论:6.24×10^-8 11,12-EET mol/L具有保护心功能的作用,这种保护作用可能与大量激活磷酸化ERK1/2和抑制p38 MAPK有关。     

缺血后处理对小肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响

目的:观察缺血后处理对小肠缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠肠系膜微循环变化的影响。方法:64只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、缺血/再灌注(I/R)组、缺血后处理(I-postC)组及缺血预处理(IPC)组,分别于再灌注2h、12h观测肠系膜微循环、肠壁血流量和血流动力学的变化,并按Hackel氏分度法判定肠道出血损伤情况。结果:与Sham组比较,I/R组平均动脉压、±dp/dtmax明显降低(P<0.05),小肠明显水肿、出血,Hackel氏分度显著升高(P<0.01);I-postC组与IPC组动脉压和±dp/dtmax明显高于I/R组(P<0.05),上述小肠病理变化明显减轻(P<0.05);I-postC明显减轻I/R所致的细动静脉收缩(P<0.05)、血流速度减慢(P<0.05)和微血管内白细胞贴壁滚动、粘附;肠缺血再灌注2h时,I-postC组肠壁血流量降低程度较I/R组减轻(P<0.05),与IPC的保护效果接近。结论:I-postC通过改善微循环减轻小肠I/R损伤。     

辣椒素受体拮抗剂AMG517在小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤中通过调节炎症因子释放发挥神经保护作用#br#

目的 观察辣椒素受体(TRPV1)拮抗剂AMG517在小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用及相关机制。方法 40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组(sham,n=10)、赋形剂（vehicle）+缺血/再注灌注组(vehicle,n=10)、辣椒素+缺血/再注灌注组(capsaicin,n=10)和AMG517+缺血/再注灌组(AMG517,n=10)。采用大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)诱导缺血/再灌注损伤,再灌注72 h进行神经行为学评分;同时检测各组小鼠梗死体积、脑水肿、TRPV1 mRNA表达和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度。结果 与vehicle组相比,AMG517显著减小鼠脑梗死体积(P<0.01)。AMG517给药后也可显著降低小鼠神经行为学评分(P<0.01)。与sham组比较,vehicle组TRPV1 mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.01)。AMG517给药后可显著增加抗炎性细胞因子IL-10浓度,并降低炎性细胞因子TNF-α浓度(P<0.05)。结论 AMG517可改善小鼠缺血/再灌注损伤,可能是通过缓解炎症发挥神经保护作用。     

醒脑静注射液对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠血脑屏障ZO-1表达的影响

目的:探讨醒脑静(XNJ)注射液对大鼠全脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障通透性及紧密连接蛋白1(ZO-1)表达的影响。方法:采用改良Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型。将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,即假手术组、全脑缺血再灌注模型组、溶剂对照组和XNJ组。每组均在缺血再灌注后24 h、48 h和72 h处理。用干湿重法测定脑组织中水含量,分光光度计法检测脑组织伊文思蓝(EB)含量,Western blot检测大脑皮层的ZO-1蛋白含量。结果:缺血再灌注后24 h,模型组、溶剂对照组和XNJ组的脑组织含水量均显著高于假手术组(P0.05),但在缺血再灌注后48 h和72 h,模型组和溶剂对照组脑组织含水量显著高于XNJ组和假手术组(P0.05)。缺血再灌注后24 h,模型组、溶剂对照组和XNJ组大鼠脑组织内EB含量均高于假手术组(P0.05),缺血再灌注后48 h和72 h,假手术组和XNJ组的EB含量显著低于模型组和溶剂对照组(P0.05)。缺血再灌注后24h,模型组、溶剂对照组和XNJ组大鼠脑皮层中的ZO-1蛋白表达水平显著低于假手术组(P0.05),同样缺血再灌注后48 h和72 h,假手术组和XNJ组皮层中ZO-1蛋白含量显著高于模型组和溶剂对照组(P0.05)。结论:在缺血再灌注后的48 h和72 h,醒脑静注射液对血脑屏障具有保护作用,可能与醒脑静注射液上调ZO-1蛋白的表达有关。     

雌激素对骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察17β-雌二醇对大鼠骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法制作右后肢缺血再灌注模型，30只大鼠随机分为三祖，A组：假手术组；B组：骨骼肌缺血再灌注（I／R）＋生理盐水组；C组；I／R＋雌激素干预组。测定血浆肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）和小腿三头肌组织中髓过氧化酶（MPO）活性及组织结构变化。结果B组、C组与A组比较，血浆CPK、LDH、MDA及MPO含量明显升高，B组、C组均可见骨骼肌损伤，B组明显重于C组。结论雌激素对肢体骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

脑缺血大鼠大脑皮质NMDA受体的早期表达

目的　探讨脑缺血和缺血再灌注早期大脑皮质NMDA受体的变化规律。方法　健康雄性SD大鼠 4 8只 ,随机分为 6组 :假手术对照组、单纯脑缺血 1 5min、2 0min和 30min组及脑缺血 1 5min再灌流 30min和 2 4h组 ;4血管脑缺血动物模型 ;连续冰冻冠状切片观察 ,NR1 免疫组化染色特异性地显著NMDA受体的变化 ,图象分析及计算阳性单位PU值。结果　①单纯脑缺血各组PU值分别为 7 5 5± 1 81、6 91± 2 5 3和 6 0 9± 1 5 0 ,与对照组PU值 9 0 4± 1 5 7相比呈下降趋势 (P≤ 0 0 5 ) ;②再灌流 30min和 2 4h组PU值分别为 5 76± 2 2 4和 4 73± 1 34,与对照组PU值相比明显减少 36 2 9%～ 4 7 6 8% ,有统计学意义(P <0 0 5 ) ;③再灌流 0min、30min和 2 4h组两两比较 ,除 2 4h和 0min组相比NR1 阳性反应物减少有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )外 ,其它组别间NMDA受体下降的变化无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　脑缺血和缺血再灌流早期NMDA受体都存在下行调节 ,这种调节可能是一种保护性作用     

无创伤双后肢缺血后处理对移植胰腺缺血再灌注损伤的远隔保护

背景：缺血预处理及缺血后处理是近年来提出减轻缺血再灌注损伤有效方法。 目的：探讨无创伤双后肢缺血后处理对移植胰腺缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制。 方法：18只糖尿病SD大鼠数字表法随机分为3组,对照组仅行开腹术;缺血再灌注组仅行胰腺移植;缺血后处理组,移植前行非创伤性双后肢缺血后处理。 结果与结论：缺血再灌注组血糖和胰腺组织中丙二醛水平均高于缺血后处理组(P < 0.01)、而超氧化物歧化酶活性低于缺血后处理组(P < 0.01);与缺血后处理组比较,缺血再灌注组胰腺组织凋亡指数明显增高(P < 0.01)。结果提示,无创伤双后肢缺血后处理对大鼠移植胰的缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,机制可能与可通过减少超氧化物歧化酶失活,从而清除氧自由基以及减少胰腺细胞凋亡等有关。