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口腔卫生是健康生活的组成部分,是社会文明进步的重要标志。在全球范围内龋病和牙周疾病仍然是影响全身健康的口腔常见病、多发病。因此口腔疾病控制和防治     

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??Objective    To investigate the clinical characteristics and possible related factors of tooth agenesis in the patients in the pediatric dentistry. Methods    A total of 16320 children?? who came to Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of Stomatology Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from January to December in 2014?? were examined. The number?? position and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results    Totally 326 children were diagnosed with tooth agenesis?? accounting for 2.0%. Among these patients?? 44 were oligodontia with the average number of missing teeth at 7.98 ± 2.98?? 282 were hypodontia with the average number of missing teeth at 2.09 ± 1.04. The proportion of children with family history in oligodontia was significantly higher than that in hypodontia. Most of the missing teeth were located in the second mandibular premolar?? followed by the second maxillary premolar?? maxillary lateral incisor?? mandibular central incisors?? the first molar and maxillary cuspid. Influencing factors for tooth agenesis were analyzed by non-conditional Logistic regression. Family history was a risk factor for congenital missing teeth ??P < 0.01??. Parents' educational level?? pregnancy age?? history of radiation exposure during pregnancy and preterm birth were not the influencing factors for tooth agenesis ??P > 0.05??. Conclusion    Hypodontia is the most common type of tooth agenesis and the second mandibular premolars are predominantly affected. Oligodontia might be closely relate to genetic factor.     

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本文介绍了国际口腔疾病控制和防治的动态,分析了我国口腔疾病控制和防治的现状,提出了我国口腔疾病控制和防治的差距。     

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目的 探讨应用面神经分支转位吻合修复面神经分支缺损的疗效.方法 选择2005年10月至2010年9月濮阳市油田总医院口腔科收治的外伤性面神经损伤患者27例(损伤神经32支).应用携带肌筋膜的上颊支吻合颧支远心断端,颈支吻合下颌缘支远心断端.结果 术后1个月受损神经功能恢复达到2级以上10支,占31％;术后6个月达到2级及以上30支,占96.8％.结论 携带肌筋膜的面神经转位吻合修复面神经颧支、下颌缘支缺损神经,是一种有效的面神经功能重建的手术方法.     

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口腔疾病是影响我国居民健康的常见病、多发病。多年来,在各级卫生行政部门和广大口腔卫生工作者的共同努力下,口腔卫生工作坚持"预防为主,防治结合"的方针,积极探索,统筹规划,合理安排,认真落实各项防治措施,各项工作取得了积极进展。中国卫生部医政司1992年制     

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目的评价球帽型附着体与ERA型冠外附着体联合应用于牙列缺损修复的临床效果。方法选择2005年3月至2008年5月于辽宁省人民医院口腔科就诊的Kennedy第一、第二类牙列缺损患者27例,于根上放置球帽型附着体,烤瓷冠上放置ERA型冠外附着体,两种固位体联合应用于牙列缺损修复,并经6个月到3年临床随访观察。结果两种附着体联合应用后义齿美观、舒适、固位和稳固性能明显提高,咀嚼有力。结论球帽型附着体与ERA型附着体联合应用能达到良好的修复效果。     

上海市静安区800名老年人口腔健康状况调查

目的 了解静安区老年人口腔健康状况,探索社区老年人口腔保健新措施。方法 上门检查800例60－74岁老年人的口腔健康状况。指数和标准参照全国第二次口腔流行病学调查的标准。结果 龋病患病率为80．15％,牙龈炎患病率为66．42％,牙周病患病率为32．38％,牙列缺损患病率为88．13％,牙列缺失患病率为16．25％,楔状缺损患病率为54．63％。结论 老年人口腔健康状况较差,缺乏自我保健意识。提示：在社区卫生保健服务中,应有计划、有目的的对老人进行卫生宣教,并实施预防、康复治疗。     

以按摩为主的综合治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病800例的体会

根据颞下颌关节紊乱病的发病机制,针对功能性肌紧张的咀嚼肌施行分离肌粘连、理顺紧张的肌纤维、痛点及关节区按摩加热敷、心理疏导等方法综合治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病。通过对临床800例患者近20年的观察,结果表明针对早期、病程较短、不伴有关节弹响而病因较明确的颞颌下关节紊乱病的患者采用本法治疗有较显著的疗效,其方法简便易行。     

800例正畸患者中先天缺失牙及其与多生牙、锥形牙相关性分析

目的：观察正畸患者中伴有恒牙先天缺失、多生牙和锥形牙或过小牙的发生率及分布,并分析其相关性。方法：随机抽取正畸患者800例,男260例,女540例,年龄12-40岁。通过石膏模型和曲面断层片统计先天缺牙、多生牙、锥形牙或过小牙的发生率及分布。通过分类变量的关联性来分析多生牙和锥形牙或过小牙与先天缺牙的相关性,假设检验采用列联表的独立性x2检验,并采用Pearson列联系数r来描述两变量关联程度。结果：800例中发生恒牙先天缺失100例,发生率为12．5％。常见的缺失牙位从多到少依次为下颌侧切牙、下颌第二前磨牙、下颌中切牙、上颌侧切牙、上颌第二前磨牙。多生牙的发生率为3．1％,锥形牙或过小牙占8．3％。通过分类变量的关联性分析得出,锥形牙或过小牙的发生与先天缺牙有相关性,Pearson列联系数r为0．173。结论：正畸患者中恒牙先天缺失的发生率为12．5％,最常见的缺失牙位是下颌侧切牙和下颌第二前磨牙;正畸患者中恒牙先天缺失和锥形牙或过小牙的发生具有相关性。     

Association of advanced hypodontia and craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of advanced hypodontia on craniofacial morphology in Japanese patients. We defined advanced hypodontia as a congenital absence of four or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 20 female orthodontic patients (age range, 8.5 to 19 years; mean age, 13.9 years) were examined. Twenty-eight angular and 37 linear measurements were taken from each cephalogram, and these cephalometric data were statistically analyzed and compared with the Japanese cephalometric standards. The most frequently missing teeth were the mandibular and maxillary second premolars, followed by the maxillary first premolars and the maxillary first molars, in that order. Compared with the Japanese standards, a smaller cranial base length and angle, a shorter maxillary length, a slightly prognathic and upward-rotated mandible, and retroclination of the upper and lower incisors were found in the patients studied. These craniofacial anomalies should be taken into consideration in treatment planning and mechanotherapy.     

正畸与种植序列治疗先天缺失牙的临床研究

目的：探讨正畸与种植序列治疗先天缺失牙患者的临床效果。方法：首先采用直立缺隙邻近倾斜牙齿,压低缺隙对颌伸长的牙齿,集中散在间隙或开辟缺牙间隙,牙列整平,调整覆、覆盖关系等方式矫正患者的牙畸形,然后采用种植体修复技术对24例先天缺失牙伴牙紊乱患者进行治疗。结果：所有患者均获得较好的咬合关系及良好的修复效果。结论：对先天性牙列缺损病例,采用正畸与种植序列治疗,进一步扩大了种植体修复的适应症,能实现最大限度的美观、功能及稳定,提高修复效果。     

恒牙晚期单侧完全性唇腭裂患者正畸治疗临床疗效研究

目的　通过测量恒牙晚期单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者术后牙牙合、软硬组织的相关数据,观察正畸治疗对患者面型、牙弓及咬合关系的临床疗效。方法　选择10例UCLP恒牙晚期（15～17岁）术后患者,采用上颌慢速扩弓联合固定矫治,对治疗前、扩弓保持半年后X线头颅侧位片及扩弓治疗前、扩弓结束后、保持半年后牙牙合模型相关数据进行测量。采用配对t检验和配伍组设计资料的方差分析的统计方法,2组之间的两两比较用最小显著差(LSD)检验。结果　UCLP患者在正畸治疗后,X线头颅侧位片在软硬组织部分测量数据上有显著性变化(P<0.01),牙弓宽度在尖牙和前磨牙区有明显增加（P<0.01）,前磨牙区宽度的增加能稳定保持（P<0.05）。结论　 恒牙晚期UCLP术后患者经正畸治疗,骨骼、面部软硬组织及咬合关系均有较理想的治疗效果。     

石家庄地区正畸患者恒牙先天缺失的调查分析

目的调查分析石家庄地区正畸患者恒牙先天缺失的发病率及特征。方法对河北医科大学口腔医院正畸科2010~2012年正畸患者中3274名有效病例的病历资料进行回顾分析。通过观察其全颌曲面断层片,分析恒牙先天缺失的发病率及分布差异。结果除第三磨牙外恒牙先天缺失的发病率为9.13,性别间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。个别缺牙例数（缺牙数〈6）占总缺牙例数的95,其中缺失1~2颗牙的例数占总缺牙例数的88.6;多数缺牙例数（缺牙数≥6）占总缺牙例数的5。前、后牙区的缺牙发病情况在缺失1~2颗牙时,主要发生在前牙区,缺失2颗以上时,后牙区的缺失发病率高于前牙区（P〈0.05）;下颌缺牙发病率高于上颌（P〈0.05）。缺牙频率最高的是下颌侧切牙（25.3）,其次是下颌第二前磨牙（18.3）。结论石家庄地区正畸患者恒牙先天缺失（不包括第三磨牙）发病率为9.13,。其中以缺失1~2颗牙最常见,恒牙先天缺失更多的发生在前牙区及下颌,最常见的缺失牙位是下颌侧切牙和下颌第二前磨牙。     

Prevalence of numeric anomalies in the permanent dentition of patients with Down syndrome

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of numeric anomalies in the permanent dentition of patients with Down syndrome by means of panoramic radiographs. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs from 70 subjects. We examiend the radiographs to detect hypodontia as well as supernumerary teeth. Our results confirm the high prevalence of hypodontia among patients with Down syndrome (60%), mostly with mild expression. The teeth most often missing were the upper lateral incisors, usually bilaterally, followed by the lower second premolars and upper second premolars. Supernumerary teeth were seen in 6% of the subjects, and the concomitant occurrence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth occurred in one patient.     

Familial hypodontia in the permanent dentition: a case report

This report concenrns three sisters with severe hypodontia, whose brother and mother probably were also affected. The familial incidence and the absence of associated disorders suggest that the condition may be caused by an autosomal mode of transmission with variable penetrance.The small size of the teeth is in keeping with previous reports that this is part of the syndrome.     

牙列中存在修复体的错(牙合)畸形的矫治

本文通过对31例牙列中存在修复体的错(牙合)畸形进行固定矫治,观察托槽在修复体上的粘结强度,总结此类畸形的矫治特点。结果表明,此类畸形的矫治设计有其特殊性。修复体表面的托槽较对侧同名牙上的托槽易于脱落,光固化复合树脂覆盖牙及塑料义齿上托槽的粘结强度高于金属义齿,托槽脱落次数较少。应采取有效措施提高托槽在修复体表面的粘结强度。在适当的正畸力作用下,正畸治疗不会影响修复体的牙周健康和牙齿的稳定性。     

Prevalence of congenital hypodontia in the permanent dentition and its treatment

Congenital aplasia (agenesis) is an important development dental anomaly. There is a big discrepancy between the data on the prevalence of aplasia in dental literature. The authors analyzed orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics of Semmelweis University. The prevalence of congenital aplasia was found 15.68% (294 subjects). There was no difference between the sexes. The most frequently missing teeth were the upper lateral incisors, the lower second premolars, the upper second premolars and the lower central incisors. The highest number of aplasia was detected in the second premolars (330 teeth). The frequency of aplasia of the molars was 0.74%. Oligodontia was found in 1.12%. The authors present two patients with aplasia and the successful treatment of the cases.     

Increase in detectable opportunistic bacteria in the oral cavity of orthodontic patients

Abstract: Objectives: This study was performed to detect the opportunistic bacteria and fungi from the oral cavities of orthodontic patients and examine the ability of the organisms to adhere to saliva‐coated metallic brackets. Methods: Opportunistic bacteria and fungi were isolated from 58 patients (orthodontic group: 42; non‐orthodontic group: 16) using culture methods and were identified based on their biochemical and enzymatic profiles. Seven opportunistic and four streptococcal strains were tested for their ability to adhere to saliva‐coated metallic brackets. Results: More opportunistic bacteria and fungi were detected in the orthodontic group than in the non‐orthodontic group (P < 0.05). Opportunistic bacteria adhered to saliva‐coated metallic brackets to the same degree as oral streptococci. Conclusions: The isolation frequencies of opportunistic bacteria and fungi increase during orthodontic treatment, suggesting the importance of paying special attention to oral hygiene in orthodontic patients to prevent periodontal disease and the aggravation of systemic disease in immunocompromised conditions.