修复贝尔克血透机同一报警编码不同故障原因的故障

重庆市中医研究院医疗器械维修小组在维修贝尔克(Bellco)公司的formula(tm)型血液透析机压力传感器的不同故障中的心得体会.     

贝尔克血透机消毒液吸入故障的又一原因

本文是重庆市中医研究院医疗器械维修小组维修贝尔克(Bellco)公司的formulaTM型和formula2000型血液透析机消毒液吸入故障的心得体会.     

贝尔克formula(tm)型血液透析机电磁阀漏液导致复杂故障的维修一例

重庆市中医研究院维修本院进口的意大利贝尔克(Bellco)公司的formula(tm)型血液透析机的电磁阀漏液导致复杂故障的经验体会.     

巧修贝尔克血透机键盘电路故障二例

通过维修贝尔克(Bellco)公司的formula2000型和formula型血液透析机键盘电路故障的心得体会。提示此类型的血液透析机有二套键盘电路,通过键盘电路板并联后进入PC((管理人机对话和工作界面参数显示的)个人计算机),故不同部位发生故障时有不同的表现。     

修复贝尔克formulaTM型血液透析机报警编码提示故障范围之外的故障一例

重庆市中医研究院后勤管理科医疗器械维修小组修复意大利贝尔克(Bellco)公司的formula(tm)型血液透析机电磁阀损坏,但损坏电磁阀不在报警编码提示范围之内的故障的心得体会。     

贝尔克formula2000型血液透析机电磁阀过热导致“无水”报警故障的维修1例报告

维修意大利贝尔克（Bellco）公司formula2000型血液透析机的电磁阀过热导致“无水”报警故障的心得体会。     

进口医用电子直线加速器维修探讨

随着国内进口医用电子直线加速器引进数量的增多，如何维修好这些机器，保证其正常进行临床治疗是各医院普遍面临的难题。本文通过对医用电子直线加速器维修的特点及对维修人员要求的分析，提出了维修好进口医用电子直线加速器的几点建议：(1)首先要立足于自行维修；(2)开展多种形式的技术合作；(3)充分利用加速器用户协作网；(4)进口零配件国产化和采用多渠道订购；(5)广泛利用互联网；(6)制定长期和短期维修工作计划。     

修复贝朗血透机疑难故障一例

重庆市中医研究院医疗器械维修小组维修德国贝朗(B.Braun Melsungen AG)公司的HD-secura血液透析机(型号710042/6)疑难故障的心得体会。     

浅谈医疗卫生装备的维修模式

医疗卫生装备(下称“装备”)的维修模式有事先、事后维修两种。事先维修又称为“预防性检修”(Active Service)简称“AS”,是指装备在正常工作状态下,维修人员按计划定期对装备进行测量、调整、加油、更换易损件等项工作。当装备发生故障以后维修人员的检修行为就称之为“事后维修”,又叫     

计算机在医院医用设备维修中的应用

计算机技术及应用对从事医疗设备维修的工程人员来讲,对在维修日益复杂的医用仪器设备提供了一种更加便捷有效的手段,其在维修中的应用也日益广泛,提高了医院设备维修的效益和水平。(1)应用本身具有智能化计算机技术的维修设备,通过相应的手段对电路损坏部件进行直接检测,最终查出损坏部件并修复之,如:在线维修测度仪。(2)利用计算机建立维修管理系统,进行故障查询、元器件性能查询、图纸资料的查询、元器件生产厂家(或经营公司)资料查询、购置设备厂家(或公司)资料查询;①故障查询:将医院各类设备的各类故障建立数据库,输入从各方面搜集来…     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.