多层螺旋CT双动脉期与门静脉期增强扫描对原发性肝癌检出价值的比较

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)双动脉期与门静脉期增强扫描对原发性肝癌(HCC)癌灶检出的价值.方法 回顾性分析94例经病理证实的HCC患者的MSCT平扫、动脉早期(20～22 s)、动脉晚期(34～37 s)和门静脉期(60 s)资料,并采用X2检验分别对≤3 cm和>3 cm的病灶在各期相的检出率进行比较.结果 94例术中共发现318个病灶,其中≤3 cm者86个,>3 cm者232个.动脉早期、动脉晚期和门静脉期检出≤3 cm病灶的敏感度分别为39.5%(34个)、67.4%(58个)、44.2%(38个),差异有统计学意义(X2=15.38,P<0.01).上述3期检出>3 cm病灶的敏感度分别为89.6%(208个)、99.6%(231个)和99.1%(230个),差异有统计学意义(X2=39.09,P<0.01);阳性预测值均为100%.上述3期检出病灶的总敏感度分别为76.1%(242个)、90.9%(289个)和84.3%(268个),阳性预测值分别为88.3%(242/274)、86.3%(289/335)和93.7%(268/286),差异均有统计学意义(X2值分别为25.62和9.29,P值均<0.05).结论 双动脉期扫描有利于提高病灶的检出率,特别是对于小HCC,动脉晚期的扫描显得尤其重要.     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描对胰腺癌的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT双期增强扫描在小胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法螺旋CT对21例(≤2cm)的胰腺癌先平扫,再以3ml/s速度高压团注对比剂100ml,分别行动脉期(注射后20~25s)和实质期(注射后50~60s)扫描,测量各扫描期肿瘤和正常胰腺组织的CT值。结果肿瘤的平均CT值在动脉期(42±14)HU,实质期(48±18)HU,正常胰腺组织的平均CT值动脉期(105±15)HU,实质期(86±11)HU。肿瘤-胰腺密度差为动脉期(69±15)HU,实质期(38±21)HU,动脉期时二者之间有显著差别(P<0.01)。结论动脉期时可获得肿瘤-胰腺密度最大差值,有利于胰腺癌的早期诊断和可切除性的判断。     

肝细胞肝癌多层螺旋CT增强扫描双动脉期表现特点与肿瘤病理分化关系的研究

目的应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对肝细胞肝癌进行四期增强扫描,探讨双动脉期强化特点与肿瘤病理分化程度之间的关系。方法收集60例行MSCT四期动态增强扫描并经手术病理证实的肝细胞肝癌患者的62个肿瘤病灶。62个肿瘤病灶根据双动脉期肿瘤内血管强化的特点、内肿瘤实质与同期肝实质密度的对比结果分为肿瘤实质强化组(A组)、肿瘤血管强化组(包括肿瘤实质强化与肿瘤血管强化同时存在的肿瘤病灶)(B组)、肿瘤无明显强化组(C组);根据分化程度分为高分化组(高分化和高-中分化)、中分化组(中分化)、低分化组(中-低分化和低分化)。将病灶双动脉期3组强化特点与3组肿瘤病理分化程度进行对比研究。结果MSCT四期增强扫描动脉早期大大提高了肿瘤血管的显示率,随着分化程度的降低,动脉期早期肿瘤血管显示增多。病灶双动脉期强化特点与肿瘤病理分化程度存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论肝细胞肝癌CT四期动态增强扫描双动脉期强化特点与肿瘤病理分化程度之间存在相关性,MSCT四期增强扫描双动脉期表现特点能够为临床提供更多的预后信息。     

螺旋CT双期薄层增强扫描在胰岛素瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期薄层增强扫描在胰岛素瘤诊断中的价值.资料与方法 经手术病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者16例,术前行胰腺螺旋CT双期薄层增强扫描.扫描延迟时间动脉期21～26 s,门静脉期65～70 s.注射非离子型对比剂80～100 ml,注射流率2.5～3.0 mL/s.采用单层螺旋CT扫描10例,16层螺旋CT扫描6例.扫描层厚2.5～3.0 mm.结果 16例中,检出12例动脉期均为高密度,门静脉期10例为等密度,2例为高密度,瘤体直径0.8～2.5 cm;4例平扫及增强均未发现明显肿瘤.16例中肿瘤单发14例,多发2例.结论 螺旋CT动脉期增强薄层扫描能更清晰地显示胰岛素瘤,结合门静脉期对提高胰岛素瘤的检出率和诊断符合率有较高的临床应用价值.     

螺旋CT双期扫描对小肝癌的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT扫描的动脉期、静脉期以及双期联合应用对小肝癌的诊断价值。方法对27例小肝癌行螺旋CT双期增强扫描,增强动脉期于造影剂注射后25～30s开始扫描,静脉期于65～70s开始扫描,造影剂注射速率为2.5～3.0ml/s,用量70～85ml。结果27例小肝癌共发现34个结节病灶。平扫、动脉期、静脉期、动静脉双期的检出率分别为70%、91%、79%、94%,经统计学分析,动脉期和动静脉双期的检出率较平扫和静脉期高（Ρ＜0.05）,动脉期和动静脉双期间、平扫和静脉期间比较均无统计学意义（Ρ＞0.05）。65%（22/34）的小肝癌动脉期呈均匀高密度,与同期肝组织比较,CT值平均增加25.9±14.4HU;23%（8/34）呈不均匀高密度。79%静脉期呈低密度,与同期肝组织比较,CT值平均减少18.7±8.9HU;21%（7/34）为等密度。双期扫描的定性准确率为97%（31/32）。结论螺旋CT动、静脉双期扫描对小肝癌诊断有很高的敏感性和特异性。     

64层螺旋CT多期扫描双动脉期诊断小肝癌的价值探讨

目的 评估64层螺旋CT双动脉期扫描对小肝癌的诊断价值.方法 23例(25个病灶)小肝癌患者,经64层螺旋CT双动脉期、门静脉期三期增强扫描.采用对比剂追踪触发技术启动动脉早期扫描,触发监测点设为腹腔干层面的降主动脉,触发阈值140 HU,触发后延迟5 s开始动脉早期扫描,延迟20 s开始动脉晚期扫描,动脉早期与动脉晚期扫描分别屏气进行;门静脉期扫描用固定的延迟70 s;每次全肝扫描的时间为4～5 s.测量各期病灶与肝脏(同层面肝实质)的密度差值(取CT值差值的绝对值);分析与统计动脉早期、动脉晚期及门静脉期对病灶的检出率. 结果动脉早期及动脉晚期病灶与肝脏密度差值的差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);动脉早期检出率(11个,44.0%)低于动脉晚期(19个,76.0%);双动脉期加门静脉期检出率(25个,100%)高于动脉晚期加门静脉期(21个,84.0%)及动脉早期加门静脉期(15个,60.0%).结论 64层螺旋CT双动脉期及门静脉期多期扫描提高对多血供小肝癌的检出率.     

原发性肝癌的螺旋CT三期增强特征及其诊断价值

目的：探讨肝癌螺旋CT多期扫描影像特征和临床应用价值。方法：对拟诊为肝癌的56例患者先行全肝CT平扫,其中46例不论肿瘤大小先作病灶动脉期扫描,再作全肝静脉期扫描,最后进行病灶延迟扫描。10例仅行动脉期及静脉期扫描。结果：56例中37例为巨块型,10例为结节型,10例为弥漫型。46例中CT平扫、动脉期、静脉期及延迟期病灶的显示率分别为89%、98%、92%、98%。结论：螺旋CT三期扫描能获得肿瘤在各期增强征象,为肝癌的定性定量诊断提供更多的影像诊断信息;尤其在早期肝癌诊断,动脉期扫描可得到非常重要的诊断依据。     

双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描在小肝癌诊断中的价值

目的：探讨双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描在小肝癌诊断中的价值。方法：分析100例中采用双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描(triple-phase duplex-helical CT，TDHCT)检出的76个(瘤径≤3cm)小肝癌(small hepatocellulat carcinoma，SHCC)的CT图像，由有经验的CT室医师通过医学影像工作站(MIW)和医学影像存储与传输系统(PACS)的医学图像浏览终端，分析、统计SHCC各时相病灶强化类型，计算检出率。依SHCC的典型表现，即动脉期高密度、门静脉期和延迟期为等或低密度，做出诊断。结果：76个SHCC在三期扫描中，动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期检出率分别为86．8％(66／76)、61.8％(47／76)、93．4％(71／76)。小肝癌在动脉期89．3％(59／66)呈高密度，在门静脉期87．2％(41／47)呈低密度，在延迟期100％(71／71)呈低密度。结论：SHCC定性诊断主要依靠其自身形态强化特点，双螺旋CT增强三期薄层扫描能提高SHCC的检出率，TDHCT可提高SHCC诊断和鉴别诊断水平。     

CT与MRI增强扫描肝癌患者应用普美显的临床价值分析

目的探讨普美显MRI与CT诊断原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法选取本院疑诊为原发性肝癌的患者94例,均接受CT、普美显MRI检查。以组织病理或肝穿刺活检结果为金标准,分析CT、普美显MRI诊断结果与金标准的一致性;比较两项检查方法对原发性肝癌的诊断效能及准确性。结果94例患者经组织病理或肝穿刺活检证实为原发性肝癌者79例,其他肝脏病变15例。CT诊断真阳性70例,真阴性9例,诊断结果与金标准的一致性程度为中等(Kappa值=0.450,P<0.05)。普美显MRI诊断真阳性77例,真阴性14例,诊断结果与金标准的一致性较好(Kappa值=0.884,P<0.05)。普美显MRI诊断原发性肝癌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值(97.47%、93.33%、98.72%、87.50%)均高于CT(88.61%、60.00%、92.11%、50.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CT诊断原发性肝癌的准确性一定(AUC=0.743),普美显MRI诊断准确性较高(AUC=0.954>0.9);诊断AUC普美显MRI大于CT(Z=2.371,P=0.018)。结论与CT相比,普美显MRI对原发性肝癌的综合诊断价值较高,值得临床应用。     

多层螺旋CT 多期增强扫描对不典型强化的肝癌影像分析及诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）多期增强扫描对肝癌少见强化方式的影像分析及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析21例经手术病理证实或临床确诊的不典型强化的肝癌C T资料。结果21例中,小肝癌9例,结节型10例,巨块型2例。平扫17例呈低密度,4例呈等密度,瘤内密度均匀16例,5例密度不均匀。多期增强检查21例中,动脉期5例呈低密度,等密度4例,高密度12例。门脉期7例呈高密度,10例呈等密度,4例病灶呈低密度。延迟期1例呈高密度,2例呈等密度,18例呈低密度。结论 M SC T的多期增强扫描能反映出肝癌少见的强化方式,对其诊断及鉴别有着重要的意义。     

不同对比剂剂量及年龄对肝脏双期增强扫描的技术探讨

目的 :分析多层螺旋CT扫描中使用高压注射器在不同增强剂量以及不同年龄组对肝脏动脉期和静脉期显影效果的影响。方法 :全部病例 (3 60例 )均使用MarconiMx 80 0 0多层螺旋CT和Medrad高压注射器。对比剂剂量按1.0ml/kg和 1.5ml/kg分为 2组行增强扫描 ,1.0ml/kg组 12 2例 ,1.5ml/kg组 2 3 8例 ;每组按照年龄分为 3组 ,18～ 3 9岁共 5 8例、40～ 5 9岁共 160例、60岁以上共 14 2例。结果 :分别测量各组肝脏双期增强CT图像上动脉期腹腔干和门脉期左右门静脉汇合处的CT值。对比分析发现两组对比剂量肝脏双期增强扫描效果均无明显差异 ,但青年组 (18～ 3 9岁 )与老年组 (>60岁 )比较发现门脉期有差异性。结论 :本文所选择对比剂剂量 1.0ml/kg是可行的 ,但是青年组行肝脏双期扫描时间需要提前。     

Enhancement rate of venous phase to portal venous phase computed tomography and its correlation with ultrasound elastography determination of liver fibrosis

IntroductionThis study aimed to compare the correlation between the computed tomography (CT) enhancement rate of the venous to portal venous phase (VP-ER) and the extracellular volume (ECV) fraction with shear-wave ultrasound elastography (USE) findings in patients with liver fibrosis.MethodsWe included 450 patients with clinically suspected liver cirrhosis who underwent triphasic dynamic CT studies and USE. We compared the USE results with the unenhanced CT phase, with enhancement in the hepatic artery phase (HAP), portal venous phase (PVP), and venous phase (VP), and with the ECV fraction and the VP-ER. We also compared the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the ECV fraction and VP-ER with that of the values obtained with USE.ResultsThe VP-ER was the most highly correlated with the liver stiffness value determined with USE (Pearson's correlation coefficient: r = 0.37), followed by enhancement in the PVP (r = ?0.25), CT number on unenhanced CT scans (r = ?0.22), the ECV fraction (r = 0.19), enhancement in the VP (r = 0.059), and enhancement in the HAP (r = ?0.023) (all p < 0.01). The VP-ER showed a significantly higher AUC than the ECV fraction (0.75 vs 0.62) when the liver stiffness was >15 kPa in USE studies (p = 0.04).ConclusionCompared to the ECV fraction, the VP-ER is more useful for predicting all degrees of liver fibrosis on routine triphasic dynamic CT images.Implications for practiceAlthough improvement is needed, the VP-ER has a higher diagnostic ability for liver fibrosis than the ECV fraction in clinical practice.     

原发性肝癌动脉期CT表现与经肝动脉化疗栓塞疗效相关性研究

 目的 分析肝癌动脉期螺旋CT表现,探讨原发性肝癌的血供特点与经肝动脉化疗栓塞疗效及预后的相关性.方法 对69例行至少3次肝动脉化疗栓塞技术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗的原发性肝癌患者进行疗效及预后随访,并与术前螺旋CT动脉期血供分型对比分析.根据术前动脉期肿瘤CT强化程度,将其血供分为富血供型(均匀强化型+不均匀强化型)和乏血供型(强化不明显型+无明显强化型).根据随访CT肿瘤大小改变、碘油沉积情况及有无新发病变,将近期疗效分为有效和无效.结果 69例中,近期有效27例,近期无效42例.在富血供中有效26例,无效14例;而乏血供中有效仅1例,无效为28例,富血供患者近期疗效优于乏血供(χ2＝40.481,P＜0.001).同时近期有效者的生存状况亦优于无效者(χ2＝22.39,P＜0.001),其6、12、24个月的累积生存率分别为96.30%,89.89%,50.24%和80.95%,45.28%,10.65%.结论 原发性肝癌动脉期血供CT分型与TACE术后的疗效及预后相关,利用动脉期螺旋CT表现进行原发性肝癌血供评估,有助于临床预测原发性肝癌的疗效和预后.     

Accuracy of CT during arterial portography in the segmental localisation of liver tumours

Preoperative computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP) of the liver was performed in 7 patients with 20 malignant liver tumours. CTAP proved accurate for segmental localization of detected lesions (91% accuracy), but had low overall sensitivity (57%) with 10 lesions being less than less in diameter. Correspondence to: R. F. Mcloughlin     

Optimization of automatic bolus tracking for timing of the arterial phase of helical liver CT

The aim of this study was to optimize bolus tracking for timing of the arterial phase of biphasic helical liver CT and to compare optimized bolus tracking to a standard delay. One hundred fifty patients were examined with six protocols: 5- or 10-s delay after triggering at a threshold of 50 or 75 or 100 HU enhancement in the aorta at the origin of the celiac arteries after injection of 120 ml contrast material at 3 ml/s. Optimal arterial enhancement was defined as 20-30% of hepatic enhancement in portal venous phase. Another 50 patients were examined with the optimized protocol and compared to 50 gender- and age-matched patients who underwent a 25-s standard delay. A 10-s delay after the 75-HU threshold resulted in the most patients with an optimal arterial phase (p < 0.01). Thirty-one of 75 patients examined with this protocol showed optimal early liver enhancement. Bolus tracking compared with standard delay revealed only a trend for a difference (p = 0.07). The outcome of automatic bolus tracking differs depending on the protocol used; however, optimal arterial phase imaging was seen in only 41% of patients, indicating only a trend for superior timing compared with a standard delay.     

肝脏门静脉期CT增强的影响因素与对策

随着CT技术的发展,尤其是近几年双能CT的出现,不仅提高了影像质量,而且能够实现物质定量分析,极大拓展了临床应用范围,但同时也对优化应用提出了新的挑战。在上腹部检查中由于肝脏双重供血的特点造成了增强检查的特殊性,这突出体现在门静脉期影像质量难以达到预期而降低诊断可靠性上。因此,分析影响门静脉期增强的对比剂、病人和CT扫描等方面因素,总结在提高影像质量的同时降低对比剂剂量和辐射剂量的研究进展,并展望基于双能CT的个性化的上腹部增强检查计划设计方案。     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术对肝癌动脉的显示价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术对于肝癌动脉的显示价值。方法：173例肝癌患者中,男131例,女42例;年龄33～82岁。采用多层螺旋CT机进行增强扫描。将动脉期图像数据以多平面重建、最大密度投影及容积再现等模式对血管进行显示分析。曲面重组和曲面最大密度投影技术也被应用。结果：在评价肝动脉解剖识别方面,容积再现技术和最大密度投影显著优于多平面重建（P〈0．001）,且容积再现技术优于最大密度投影（P〈0．001）。在评价肿瘤病灶供血动脉方面,最大密度投影显著优于多平面重建和容积再现技术（P〈0．001）,且容积再现技术优于多平面重建（P〈0．05）。在评价肿瘤血管的连续性和血管形态方面,MIP优于VRT（P〈0．001）;MIP优于MPR（P〈0．001）;VRT优于MPR（P〈0．001）。结论：多层螺旋CT血管成像技术是一种重要的对肝癌供血动脉的评价方法。MIP为评价肝脏血管的最佳模式,有助于外科手术和介入治疗。     

Detection and classification of focal liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer: retrospective comparison of diffusion-weighted MR imaging and multi-slice CT

Objectives

To compare the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) with multi-slice CT (MS-CT) in the detection and classification of focal liver lesions in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

In a retrospective study 68 patients who underwent DWI at 1.5 T (b-values of 50, 300 and 600 s/mm²) and contrast-enhanced MS-CT were analysed by two radiologists blinded to the clinical results. Imaging results were correlated with intraoperative surgical and ultrasound findings (n = 24), imaging follow-up or PET (n = 44). Sensitivity of DWI and MS-CT in detection of focal liver lesions was compared on a per-lesion and a per-segment basis. Receiver operator-characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the diagnostic performance and the sensitivities of correctly identifying liver metastases on a segmental base were calculated.

Results

For lesion detection, DWI was significantly superior to MS-CT both on a per-lesion (difference in sensitivities for reader 1 and 2 22.65% and 19.06%, p < 0.0001) and a per-segment basis (16.86% and 11.76%, p < 0.0001). Especially lesions smaller than 10 mm were better detected with DWI compared to MS-CT (difference 41.10% and 29.45%, p < 0.0001). ROC-analysis showed superiority for lesions classification (p < 0.0001) of DWI (AUC: 0.949 and 0.951) as compared to MS-CT (AUC: 0.879 and 0.892, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.005). DWI was able to filter out metastatic segments with a higher sensitivity (88.2 and 86.5%) compared to MS-CT (68.0 and 67.4%, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion

Compared to MS-CT DWI is both more sensitive in the detection of liver lesions and more accurate in determining the extent of metastatic disease in patients with colorectal cancer and therefore might help to optimize therapeutic management in those patients.     

16层螺旋CT肝脏体积测定的研究

目的研究多层螺旋CT测量肝脏体积与中国健康成人性别、年龄、及体表面积之间的相关性,推导出适合中国国人的标准肝体积公式。方法回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院影像科240名影像学检查阴性的受试者的临床资料,数据用x珋±s表示;分别按年龄及性别各分6组,每组男20名、女20名。用统计学方法进行直线相关性与回归分析并进行假设检验。结果 240名受试者测得平均肝脏体积为(1184.43±224.58)cm3,与体表面积及年龄之间存在着相关性,r为0.793,决定系数r2为0.490,均有显著性(P<0.01),并用体表面积、年龄与肝脏体积建立回归方程。结论肝脏体积在性别之间,不同年龄及体表面积之间具有一定规律性;适合中国国人的标准肝脏体积公式LV(cm3)=824.054BSA(m2)-3.489AGE(y)-36.75。