不同浓度罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼分娩镇痛对产妇产间发热的影响

目的研究不同浓度罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外注射用于分娩镇痛对产妇产间发热及致热因子的影响。方法适合阴道分娩、自愿要求分娩镇痛的初产妇120例,孕37～41周,年龄20～35岁,ASA I或Ⅱ级,随机分为三组:0.075%罗哌卡因组(A组)、0.1%罗哌卡因组(B组)和0.125%罗哌卡因组(C组),每组40例。宫口扩张至3 cm时实施硬膜外分娩镇痛,A组0.075%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.5μg/ml;B组0.1%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.5μg/ml;C组0.125%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.5μg/ml。记录镇痛后1、2、3、4和5 h、胎儿娩出即刻、分娩后2 h产妇鼓膜温度;分别在镇痛前、胎儿娩出即刻及分娩后2 h采集产妇静脉血,测定血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度;记录产程时间;采用改良Bromage法评定三组产妇在镇痛后1 h及胎儿娩出即刻的运动神经阻滞程度。结果与镇痛前比较,镇痛后5 h及胎儿娩出即刻三组鼓膜温度明显升高,C组发热率明显高于A组和B组(P0.05)。与镇痛前比较,胎儿娩出即刻三组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度明显升高(P0.05)。C组第二产程和镇痛时间明显长于A组和B组,B组第二产程和镇痛时间明显长于A组(P0.05)。三组运动神经阻滞程度差异无统计学意义。结论不同浓度罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外注射用于分娩镇痛均能产生良好的镇痛效果,低浓度罗哌卡因分娩镇痛产妇发热率低,产妇分娩期间发热与致热因子水平升高相关。     

硬膜外分娩镇痛对胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流的影响

目的运用多普勒超声观察硬膜外分娩镇痛对胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流的影响。方法选择要求硬膜外分娩镇痛的产妇59例(R组),同时选取拒绝分娩镇痛产妇25例(N组)。记录产妇产程时间、出血量、分娩方式、新生儿情况。当宫口开至2 cm时,R组记录镇痛前(T0)、镇痛后15 min(T1)、镇痛后30 min(T2)和镇痛后60 min(T3)胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)和最大峰值血流速度/舒张末期血流速度(S/D),N组在相同时间间隔记录上述参数。结果两组产妇产程时间、出血量及分娩方式差异无统计学意义。T0~T2时,R组胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉PI和S/D有下降趋势,大脑中动脉RI有增加趋势,但组内差异无统计学意义。N组在各时点无明显改变,组间差异无统计学意义。结论硬膜外分娩镇痛对母婴无明显影响,不良反应少,有很好的临床应用价值。     

不同剂量去氧肾上腺素静脉注射对腰麻下剖宫产产妇及新生儿的影响

目的观察不同剂量去氧肾上腺素静脉注射对腰麻下剖宫产产妇及新生儿的影响。方法择期腰麻剖宫产单胎产妇60例,随机均分为三组,在蛛网膜下腔注入0.5%重比重布比卡因2.5ml,鞘内注药后立即静脉泵注去氧肾上腺素150μg(P1组)、300μg(P2组)或等量生理盐水(C组)各3ml,速率1ml/min。若发生低血压时追加去氧肾上腺素100μg。监测并记录产妇SBP、DBP、HR、每搏输出量(SV)和心输出量(CO),以及低血压、高血压、恶心呕吐及心动过缓的发生次数。记录新生儿Apgar评分,并取脐带动静脉血行血气分析。结果与入室后比较,腰麻后1、5minC组SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05),P1、P2组无显著变化;腰麻后1、5min和分娩前1minP1、P2组HR明显减慢,C组仅在分娩前1min显著减慢(P<0.05);腰麻后1、5minP2组SV显著升高,腰麻后5minC组显著降低(P<0.05),且腰麻后5minP1、P2组明显高于C组(P<0.05);腰麻后5min和分娩前1minP1、P2组CO显著降低(P<0.05),分娩前1minC组也显著降低(P<0.05)。P1组和P2组低血压的发生率显著低于C组(P<0.05)。P1组和P2组分别有1例和3例高血压。结论小剂量去氧肾上腺素静脉输注能减少分娩前产妇低血压的发生率,对母体和胎儿影响较小。     

氧化亚氮用于分娩镇痛的观察与护理

分娩痛能使产妇产生焦虑、恐惧 ,子宫血流减少 2 5 % ,供氧能力下降 13%左右 ,这些有可能影响胎儿的心率[1] 。为了减轻产妇分娩时的痛苦以及因剧痛所致的神经内分泌功能失调 ,我院产科将氧化亚氮 (笑气 )吸入用于分娩时镇痛 ,取得良好的效果 ,介绍如下。1　对象与方法　　对象 :随机抽取 2 0 0 1年 312月在我院分娩的 10 0例单胎头位的初产妇 ,年龄 2 336岁 ,孕 374 1周 ,无肺部感染 ,无严重并存疾病 ,胎儿预测体重为 2 5 0 0 4 0 0 0 ｇ。随机选取无笑气吸入禁忌证 ,且自愿接受笑气分娩镇痛的 5 0例产妇为观察组 ,另 5 0例作为对照组。两…     

地塞米松对硬膜外分娩镇痛产妇发热的影响

目的探索硬膜外给予地塞米松对硬膜外分娩镇痛后产妇发热的影响。方法选择实施分娩镇痛的单胎足月初产妇200例,年龄22～38岁,BMI 20～35 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将产妇分为两组:地塞米松组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组100例。两组均采用程控硬膜外间歇脉冲给药的方式实施分娩镇痛,D组在给予硬膜外首次剂量(0.08%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.4μg/ml,共12 ml)后,经硬膜外给予地塞米松10 mg(2 ml);C组在给予相同硬膜外首次剂量后经硬膜外给予生理盐水2 ml。测量并记录分娩镇痛开始前、分娩镇痛开始后1、2、3、4、5 h和胎儿娩出时产妇鼓膜温度。记录分娩镇痛开始前、分娩镇痛开始后1、2、3、4、5 h和第一产程结束时的Bromage评分、VAS疼痛评分。记录产间发热例数、分娩转剖宫产例数,记录镇痛时间、产程时间、新生儿出生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分,记录其他不良反应的发生情况。结果 D组发热率明显低于C组(P0.05)。两组分娩转剖率、镇痛时间、产程时间、新生儿出生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分和各时点VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义,两组均未发生下肢运动神经阻滞及其他不良反应。结论镇痛初始经硬膜外给予地塞米松10 mg能明显降低产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛后发热率,且不影响母婴安全。     

规律间断给药用于硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇产间发热的影响

目的评价规律间断给药用于硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇产间发热(体温≥38℃)的影响。方法选择2012年10月至2014年8月在我院行硬膜外分娩镇痛的产妇120例,随机均分为两组:规律间断给药组(RIB组),每小时给予单次剂量10ml(0.08%罗哌卡因8mg+0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼4μg),持续给药组(CI组),按10ml/h速度持续给药。记录硬膜外镇痛前、镇痛后1、2、3、4、5h、分娩时、分娩后1h产妇的鼓膜体温、硬膜外感觉阻滞水平和血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平,并计算产妇产间发热发生率。结果镇痛后4、5h、分娩时、分娩后1h两组产妇鼓膜体温明显高于镇痛前(P0.05或P0.01);镇痛后1、2、3、4、5h、分娩时、分娩后1h时IL-6水平明显高于镇痛前(P0.01)。镇痛后3、4hRIB组VAS评分明显低于CI组(P0.05)两组产间发热发生率差异无统计学意义。结论规律间断给药与持续给药用于硬膜外分娩镇痛产妇产间发热发生率相近,体温升高可能与IL-6水平的升高有关,但镇痛效果更佳。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因在产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛中的效果

目的评价右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因用于产妇自控硬膜外分娩镇痛的效果以及对产后泌乳和新生儿的影响。方法选择自愿要求分娩镇痛单胎足月妊娠产妇79例,年龄22~36岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组:0.1%罗哌卡因组(R组,n=26)、0.1%罗哌卡复合2μg/ml芬太尼组(RF组,n=27)和0.1%罗哌卡复合2μg/ml右美托咪定组(RD组,n=26)。记录分娩镇痛前(T_0)、注射负荷量后10min(T_1)、30min(T_2)及宫口开全时(T3)的VAS疼痛评分,并记录注射负荷量后30min的Bromage分级和Ramsay镇静评分。记录新生儿Apgar评分以及恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应情况。分别于分娩镇痛前、胎儿娩出时、娩出后2h抽取产妇静脉血离心分离并测定催乳素(PRL)浓度,记录泌乳始动时间。结果与R组比较,T_1—T3时RF和RD组产妇VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P0.05)。与RF组比较,R组和RD组的嗜睡、瘙痒发生率明显降低(P0.05)。与R组比较,RF和RD组胎儿娩生后2h时血清PRL浓度明显升高,产后泌乳始动时间明显提前(P0.05)。三组产妇Bromage分级和Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义。新生儿1min、5min Apgar评分差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定2μg/ml复合0.1%罗哌卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛时镇痛效果好,产妇满意度高,不良反应发生率低,对新生儿无明显不良影响,可促进催乳素分泌,产后泌乳始动时间提前。     

硬膜外阻滞行剖宫产时对产妇及胎儿脐血ANP和ET的浓度监测

观察２０例硬膜外阻滞剖宫产术产妇及胎儿ＡＮＰ和ＥＴ的变化，发现足月妊娠产妇ＡＮＰ较青年妇女为高，统计学处理无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。产妇在分娩时ＡＮＰ较麻醉前增加２１．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５），较术毕增加２９．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＴ在各阶段无明显变化，可能是由于硬膜外阻滞有效地抑制创伤刺激的结果，这对产妇及胎儿是有益的。     

芬太尼及0.5％布比卡因注入硬膜外腔用于择期剖腹产术

硬膜外腔注入阿片类药及广泛用于产科分娩及术后镇痛,但尚未在剖腹产手术中作常规应用。有人报告在剖腹产手术时,于胎儿娩出后,将吗啡与布比卡因一起注入硬膜外腔,可减轻因牵拉组织而导致的不适。于胎儿娩出后向硬膜外腔至少注入50μg芬太尼可有效地解除术中不适,尽管阻滞范围为T_4～S_5。硬膜外腔注入芬太尼的起效时间比大多数阿片类药都快,但其潜伏期为10～15分钟,故应早期给药。研究表明,硬膜外腔给药后,母血及胎盘脐带血中的芬太尼浓度较低,这或许可以消除人们对于在剖腹产手术时,于娩出胎儿前使用阿片类药可能抑制胎儿通气的顾虑。Gaffud等报告,在剖腹产手术中,娩出胎儿前经硬膜外腔给予芬太尼可达到有效的镇痛。本文以双盲法研究在剖腹产手术开始前,经硬膜外腔给予100μg芬太尼的效果。方法:选择行择期剖腹产的健健产妇30名。除     

抗氧化药物对妊娠高血压综合征产妇和胎儿SOD及LPO的影响

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征(简称妊高征)患者剖宫产前应用地塞米松、维生素E及维生素C对产妇及胎儿超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及脂质过氧化物(LPO)的影响。方法选择硬膜外麻醉下行择期剖宫产术妊高征产妇51例,随机分成观察组(A组,26例)和对照组(B组,25例)。术前应用地塞米松20mg、维生素E200mg及维生素C1000mg。测定用药前、用药后1h及胎儿娩出时产妇及脐带血SOD及LPO浓度。结果A组产妇在胎儿娩出时LPO较B组及同组用药前降低(P<0·01),脐带血LPO低于B组(P<0·01)。结论妊高征产妇术前联合应用地塞米松、维生素E及维生素C有到明显的抗氧化作用,可降低产妇及胎儿的LPO浓度。     

剖宫产术前病人静脉注射磷酸肌酸钠对胎儿血糖的影响

目的 评价剖宫产术前病人静脉注射磷酸肌酸钠对胎儿血糖的影响.方法 择期行剖宫产术病人60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄22～36岁,随机分为2组(n=30),磷酸肌酸钠组(P组)麻醉前10 min静脉注射磷酸肌酸钠1g,生理盐水对照组(C组)给予生理盐水20 ml.两组采用脊椎-硬膜外联合穿刺针进行穿刺,经L2,3间隙行蛛网膜下腔穿刺成功后,注射0.75%布比卡因1.0～1.2 ml.记录蛛网膜下腔注药后至胎儿娩出时病人低血压和心动过速的发生情况.娩出后1、5 min时进行Apgar评分.娩出时采集脐动脉血样,测定血糖和心肌钙蛋白I(cTnl)浓度.结果 C组病人低血压与心动过速的发生率分别为60%和50%,P组分别为20%和10%,均低于C组(P＜0.05).与C组比较,P组Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血糖升高,cTnI降低(P＜0.05).结论 剖宫产术前病人静脉注射磷酸肌酸钠1 g可预防胎儿血糖水平的降低,有利于预防分娩时胎儿心肌损伤.     

Maintenance of normoglycemia during cardiac surgery

We used the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp technique, i.e., infusion of insulin at a constant rate combined with dextrose titrated to clamp blood glucose at a specific level, to preserve normoglycemia during elective cardiac surgery. Ten nondiabetic and seven diabetic patients entered the clamp protocols. Perioperative glucose control was also assessed in 19 nondiabetic and 11 diabetic patients (control group) receiving a conventional insulin infusion sliding scale. In patients of the clamp group, a priming bolus of insulin (2 U) was started before the induction of anesthesia followed by infusions of insulin at 5 mU. kg(-1). min(-1) and of variable amounts of dextrose. Arterial blood glucose was measured every 5 min in the clamp group and every 20 min in the control group. Control of normoglycemia was defined as > or =95% of the glucose levels within 4.0-6.0 mmol/L. Glucose concentration was recorded before surgery, 15 min before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), during early and late CPB, and at sternal closure. Patients of the control group became progressively hyperglycemic during surgery (late CPB; nondiabetics, 9.0 +/- 3.2 mmol/L; diabetics, 10.1 +/- 3.6 mmol/L), whereas normoglycemia was achieved in the study group (late CPB; nondiabetics, 5.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/L; diabetics, 4.9 +/- 0.6 mmol/L; P < 0.05 versus control group). In conclusion, it seems that normal blood glucose concentration during open heart surgery can be reliably maintained in nondiabetic and diabetic patients by using the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp technique.     

A simple glucose insulin regimen for perioperative blood glucose control: the Vellore regimen

In this study, we sought a simple, easily implemented method of intraoperative control of blood glucose in diabetic patients in a large multispecialty teaching hospital. The Vellore regimen, which offers the advantages of a combined glucose insulin and variable rate infusion was evaluated. For every 1 to 50-mg/dL increase in blood glucose concentration more than 100 mg/dL, 1 U of insulin was added to the injection port of a 100-mL measured volume set containing 5% dextrose in water. Hourly monitoring of blood glucose was performed. The blood glucose control was compared with the different existing techniques followed in the hospital in 204 randomized patients: 98 in the study and 106 in the control group. The study group had a mean +/- sd blood glucose value of 156 +/- 36 mg/dL, and the control group's value was 189 +/- 63 mg/dL (P = 0.003). The percentage of patients who were poorly controlled (outside 100 to 200-mg/dL range) decreased from 51% to 28% (no patient less than 60 mg/dL) with this regimen as compared with the control group in which it increased from 49% to 72% (10 patients less than 60 mg/dL) (P = 0.0013). We conclude that the Vellore regimen is simple, effective, and safe for intraoperative blood glucose control.     

Intermediary metabolism and glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetic uremic patients treated by continuous peritoneal dialysis

The effect on metabolic control and on intermediate metabolism of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was evaluated in 6 insulin-dependent diabetic uremic patients treated by CAPD, in 6 nondiabetic uremic patients in CAPD and in 6 normal subjects. During the study, 4 dialysis exchanges with 1.36 g/dl dextrose concentration were performed daily; regular insulin was added to the bags in diabetic patients. Our data show a well-controlled mean blood glucose in CAPD diabetic patients by intraperitoneal insulin administration as well as higher insulinemic levels in comparison with those of normal subjects. Plasma lactate and serum glycerol levels were higher and butyrate levels were lower reflecting a continuous ketogenesis inhibition.     

剖宫产大出血行改良式部分子宫切除术的临床应用

目的探讨剖宫产大出血患者行改良式部分子宫切除术的疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2004年6月我院因剖宫产大出血40例患者的临床资料,其中24例行改良式部分子宫切除术(观察组),16例行传统子宫切除术(对照组)。观察两组手术时间、止血时间、术中出血量、住院日及术后月经、更年期症状、性激素水平。结果两组均控制了子宫大出血,挽救了生命,其手术时间、止血时间、术中出血量、住院日比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。但术后6个月、12个月时观察组血清雌激素(E2)高于对照组(P<0.01),12个月时促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组均于5～13月恢复月经,经期正常,对照组62.5%(10/16)术后2年内出现更年期症状,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论改良式部分子宫切除对剖宫产大出血能有效止血,同时保留了卵巢功能,对剖宫产大出血经其他保守治疗无效时可选择本术式。     

Hypoglycemia in nondiabetic patients undergoing albumin dialysis by molecular adsorbent recirculating system

It was observed that patients developed episodes of hypoglycemia during molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS) treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of MARS treatment on blood glucose concentration to formulate appropriate dextrose replacement guidelines during MARS dialysis. Five patients with liver failure each underwent a 6- to 8-hour MARS treatment. No patient had a history of diabetes or was administered insulin or oral antihyperglycemic agents throughout the period of albumin dialysis. There was no active intervention or restriction on glucose intake. Rather, a dextrose drip and boluses were allowed based on each patient's condition and the clinical judgment of the attending physician. Blood glucose concentration was monitored hourly during the period of MARS treatment. Glucose loss in dialysate fluid was quantified hourly by measuring the total volume of dialysate fluid and assaying the glucose concentration in dialysate fluid. Mean glucose removal during a 6-hour MARS session was 37.19 ± 5.58 g. Mean glucose removal rate was 6.20 ± 0.93 g/h. In addition to a maintenance drip supporting the caloric requirement of patients, a dextrose replacement drip that paralleled the rate of glucose removal would prevent patients from experiencing episodes of hypoglycemia during MARS treatment. Dextrose replacement at a mean rate of 6 g/h (range, 5 to 7 g/h) in patients without diabetes undergoing albumin dialysis by MARS is recommended. (Liver Transpl 2003;9:949-953.)     

剖宫产同时切除子宫肌瘤减少出血的临床研究

目的探讨剖宫产同时行子宫肌瘤切除术减少出血的临床措施及可行性与安全性。方法收集我院2007年3月-2012年11月因妊娠合并子宫肌瘤行子宫下段剖宫产并子宫肌瘤挖除术者276例,其中研究组135例,术前预先经直肠置入米索前列醇600μg,术中剖宫娩出胎儿后采用压挤法切除肌瘤;对照组141例,术中剖宫娩出胎儿后行传统肌瘤切除手术操作。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后24h阴道出血量、恶露持续时间、产后病率、肛门通气时间。结果研究组术中出血量、术后24h阴道出血量均明显少于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而手术时间、肛门通气时间、恶露持续时间及产后病率比较,组间均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论剖宫产同时行子宫肌瘤切除术,采用压挤法联合术前应用米索前列醇可明显减少术中术后出血,安全可行,值得临床推广。     

Influence of administration of 1 % glucose solution on neonatal blood glucose concentration in cesarean section

Perioperative administration of adequate glucose prevents hypercatabolism. However, excessive glucose administration until delivery of a fetus might cause newborn hypoglycemia in cesarean section. In this retrospective study, we investigated whether the administration of 1 % glucose solution during cesarean section influenced neonatal blood glucose concentration. We found 46 consecutive patients between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation who underwent cesarean section under combined epidural and spinal anesthesia. We divided the patients into two groups: those receiving 1 % glucose solution (group A, N = 23) and those receiving a solution without glucose (group B, N = 23) until delivery. We recorded umbilical cord blood glucose on delivery, neonatal blood glucose level 3 h after delivery, and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores. The dose of glucose administered until delivery of fetus in group A was 3.6 ± 1.7 mg/kg/min [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and that in group B 0 mg/kg/min. Umbilical cord blood glucose concentration on delivery of fetus in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (101 ± 19 vs. 66 ± 10 mg/dl; P < 0.0001). Neonatal blood glucose level 3 h after delivery was not significantly different between groups (90 ± 15 vs. 90 ± 21 mg/dl; P = 0.96). The 1- and 5-min Apgar scores were similar between groups. In conclusion, administration of 1 % glucose solution in cesarean section might contribute to prevention of neonatal hypoglycemia.     

剖宫产术病人硬膜外左旋布比卡因的胎盘转移

目的 评价剖宫产术病人硬膜外左旋布比卡因的胎盘转移情况.方法 择期硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术病人60例.于L1,2或L2,3间隙进行硬膜外穿刺,穿刺成功后注射0.5%左旋布比卡因5ml(含1:20万肾上腺素)试验剂量,5 min后无脊麻征象后,追加9～12 ml,5 min后再追加1次.娩出时抽取脐动脉血样,进行血气分析;于娩出后l、5min行Apgar评分.选择30例病人,娩出时抽取母体静脉血样和脐静脉血样,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆左旋布比卡因浓度.结果 在硬膜外注药结束后10～22 min60例胎儿娩出,新生儿Apgar评分均≥7分,脐动脉血Ph值均≥7.25.娩出时母体静脉血与脐静脉血血浆左旋布比卡因浓度分别为0.35 ±0.24、(0.24±0.21)μg/ml,脐静脉血与母体静脉血血浆左旋布比卡因浓度的比值为0.7 ±0.3.结论 宫产术病人硬膜外左旋布比卡因可通过胎盘,脐静脉血与母体静脉血左旋布比卡因浓度的比值为0.7.     

Diabetes in pregnancy. The use of home blood glucose monitoring and intensive monitoring to ensure favourable perinatal outcome

A combined clinic for pregnant diabetic women was established at Baragwanath Hospital to assess the effects of intensive monitoring of mother and fetus and of good glycaemic control on perinatal outcome. Home blood glucose monitoring was introduced as a method for assessing glycaemic control. Standard methods of maternal and fetal monitoring were used. Sixty-two diabetic pregnancies were evaluated prospectively. Twenty women had diabetes diagnosed for the first time in the current pregnancy and the remaining 42 had established diabetes. All patients followed a diabetic diet, and 95% were treated with insulin. The technique and accurate recording of blood glucose were managed by all patients, and a mean capillary blood glucose of 6.5 mmol/l for the group was achieved. Caesarean section was performed in 52% of cases with a mean period of gestation at the time of delivery for the total study population of 37 weeks. The mean neonatal weight was 3,130 g. The perinatal mortality rate of 64/1,000 was accounted for by 3 stillbirths and 1 early neonatal death. No major congenital anomalies occurred.