超声引导胸椎旁阻滞对经皮肾镜术后镇痛的影响

目的:探讨超声引导单点单次胸椎旁阻滞(ThPVB)对经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)后镇痛效果和吗啡消耗量的影响。方法:选择行择期PCNL患者50例,随机分ThPVB组(P组)和对照组(C组)。P组于术毕在Sonosite M-Turbo彩色超声诊断仪引导下,于T11胸椎旁间隙注入0.5%罗哌卡因(耐乐品)10 mL;C组不行胸椎旁阻滞。两组术后均使用吗啡自控镇痛泵,记录麻醉诱导前、术中和术后的心率(HR)、外周脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼吸频率(RR)和无创血压(BP),记录拔除气管导管后24 h内的NRS评分、RR、Ramsey镇静评分,同时记录拔除气管导管后24 h吗啡总消耗量、不良反应和患者满意度。结果:P组拔除气管导管后0.5 h、1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h和24 h的NRS评分分别为1.4±1.4、1.9±1.3、2.2±1.4、2.3±1.0、2.4±1.6、1.9±0.9、1.6±0.9,相同时间点静息NRS评分分别为0.3±0.7、0.7±0.9、0.9±1.0、1.1±0.9、1.0±1.0、0.6±0.7、0.4±0.6,低于C组(P0.05或P0.01)。P组拔管后24 h内各个时间点的Ramsay镇静评分与C组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。P组术后24 h的吗啡总消耗量为(4.5±2.3)mg,C组为(9.2±4.9)mg(P0.01)。P组、C组的患者"非常满意"度分别占80.0%和23.6%(P0.05)。结论:ThPVB可以为接受PCNL手术的患者提供良好的术后镇痛,并提高患者的镇痛满意度。     

超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞在胸腔镜肺叶切除术中应用的临床观察研究

目的:探讨超声引导胸椎旁神经阻滞与胸段硬膜外麻醉在胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者中的应用效果。方法:选择择期行胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者52例,随机分为两组:胸段硬膜外麻醉组(E组,n=26)和超声引导椎旁神经阻滞组(P组,n=26)。记录并比较两组患者术中液体用量,舒芬太尼累积用量,血管活性药用量,术后6、12、24、36、48、72 h六个时间点安静和深呼吸时的视觉模拟评分(VAS),拉姆齐镇静评分(RSS),术后恶心呕吐次数,不良反应发生率等。结果:(1)两组术中舒芬太尼累积用量和液体用量无明显差异,但E组麻醉时长和血管活性药应用比例大于P组,女性患者比例小于P组(P<0.05);(2)术后6 h、12 h,P组的动态VAS评分均低于E组(P<0.05);(3)所有时间点,两组的静态VAS评分差异均无统计学意义;(4)术后6 h、24 h,P组的RSS评分全部大于E组(P<0.05);(5)P组的穿刺点外渗比例小于E组,干呕比例大于E组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:VATS肺叶切除术后患者采用超声引导椎旁神经阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛与硬膜外镇痛效果相当,且操作简单、不良反应少。     

A Prospective,Randomized Trial Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Postoperative Pain Control in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Increasing demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a climate of increasing focus on clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost has created a need for better acute postoperative pain control for patients. An ideal pain control method would have few side effects, decreased opioid consumption, improved pain control, early ambulation, and decreased hospital length of stay (LOS).

乳腺手术患者胸椎旁神经阻滞与全身麻醉效果比较的Meta分析

目的采用系统评价和Meta分析方法比较乳腺手术患者行胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)和全身麻醉(GA)的效果。方法检索Medline、Springer、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、万方数据库及维普数据库,收集比较TPVB与GA在乳腺手术麻醉效果的随机对照试验(RCT)。应用Stata 11.0和RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果获得符合标准的RCT研究5个,共计295例患者,其中TPVB组148例,GA组147例。Meta分析结果显示,TPVB组术后疼痛评分明显高于GA组(SMD2.59,95%CI 1.10~4.08),TPVB组术后镇痛药使用例次明显少于GA组(RR 0.23,95%CI 0.15~0.37),TPVB组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于GA组(RR 0.27,95%CI 0.12~0.61)。结论与GA比较,TPVB在乳腺手术后具有较高的疼痛评分和较低的镇痛药用量和不良反应发生率。     

Single injection paravertebral block for renal surgery in children

Background:  Continuous paravertebral block (PVB) has been successfully used for postoperative analgesia in children. However, data regarding the efficacy of a single injection technique for major renal surgery are still lacking.
Methods:  Following the ethics committee approval and parent informed consent, 24 children (median 10.3 months; range: 2.9–26.8) undergoing major renal surgery were included in a prospective observational pilot study. Following a standardized general anesthetic the patients were administered a single injection low thoracic PVB (loss-of-resistance technique; 0.5 ml·kg⁻¹ of levobupivacaine 2.5 mg·ml⁻¹ with epinephrine 5 μg·ml⁻¹) at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed by Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) score at predetermined time points and in case of apparent patients' discomfort during the first 12 postoperative hours. The duration of postoperative analgesia was defined as the interval between PVB and the first supplemental administration of a rescue opioid analgesic. The incidence of complications and postoperative vomiting (POV) was also recorded.
Results:  A successful PVB was achieved in 23/24 patients (95.8%). The median duration of the block was 600 min (range: 180–720 min) with 10 children not requiring any supplemental analgesia during the 12-h observation period. Vascular puncture was observed in 2/24 children (8.3%) and POV occurred in 4/24 children (16.7%). All complications were considered minor and did not influence recovery.
Conclusions:  Single injection PVB provided clinically relevant postoperative analgesia in children undergoing major renal surgery.     

Single-injection thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain treatment after thoracoscopic surgery

Background. Thoracoscopic surgery can be associated with considerablepostoperative pain. While the benefits of paravertebral blockon pain after thoracotomy have been demonstrated, no investigationson the effects of paravertebral block on pain after thoracoscopyhave been conducted. We tested the hypothesis that a single-injectionthoracic paravertebral block, performed preoperatively, reducespain scores after thoracoscopic surgery. Methods. Of 45 patients recruited, 40 completed the study. Theywere randomly allocated to two groups: the paravertebral groupreceived i.v. patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphineplus single-injection thoracic paravertebral block with bupivacaine0.375% and adrenaline 1:200 000 0.4 ml kg^–1 (n=20). Thecontrol group was treated with a back puncture without injectionand morphine PCA (n=20). Results. The main outcomes recorded during 48 h after surgerywere pain scores using the visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–100).Secondary outcomes were cumulative morphine consumption andpeak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Half an hour and 24 h aftersurgery, median (25th–75th percentiles) VAS on coughingin the paravertebral group was 31.0 (20.0–55.0) and 30.5(17.5–40.0) respectively and in the control group it was70.0 (30.0–100.0) and 50.0 (25.0–75.0) respectively.The difference between the groups over the whole observationperiod was statistically significant (P<0.05). Twenty-fourand 48 h after surgery, median (25th–75th percentiles)cumulative morphine consumption (mg) was 49.0 (38.3–87.0)and 69.3 (38.8–118.5) respectively in the paravertebralgroup and 51.2 (36.0–84.1) and 78.1 (38.4–93.1)in the control group (statistically not significant). No differenceswere found in PEFR or the incidence of any side-effects betweengroups. Conclusion. We conclude that single-shot preoperative paravertebralblock improves post-operative pain treatment after thoracoscopicsurgery in a clinically significant fashion.      

Single-Injection Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Blocks for Pain Control After Total Knee Arthroplasty

This study was designed to evaluate the addition of a single-injection sciatic nerve block to a femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Fifty-seven patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive femoral nerve blockade or a sham block. A subsequent 31 patients received both femoral and sciatic nerve blocks (FSNBs) before general anesthesia. Intravenous morphine use and visual analog pain scale scores were recorded at regular intervals. Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were placed in less than five minutes, on average. Lower visual analog pain scale scores were noted in both femoral nerve blockade and FSNB groups compared to shams through 48 hours. Morphine use was significantly lower in the FSNB group. Femoral and sciatic nerve block can be placed quickly and consistently in the operating room with improved postoperative pain relief and reduced narcotic consumption.     

胸椎旁阻滞复合全身麻醉对开胸单肺通气手术镇痛效果分析

目的:探讨胸椎旁阻滞与硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉对开胸单肺通气手术麻醉及镇痛效果分析。方法:选择我院2016年1月—2018年8月收治的75例行开胸单肺通气手术的肺癌患者,根据随机数字表法,患者分为A组(38例)及B组(37例),A组给予硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉,比较两组的麻醉效果、穿刺并发症、术后一周的胸部并发症、术后一周的肺部并发症。结果:A组术后一周肺部并发症发生率、麻醉起效时间、平均麻醉阻滞节段数明显高于B组,P0.05。两组的丙泊酚及芬太尼用量对比无统计学意义,P0.05;两组术后6、12、24、48 h静息状态下及术后6 h咳嗽状态下VAS评分对比无统计学意义,P0.05;B组术后12、24、48 h咳嗽状态下VAS评分明显低于A组,P0.05。T0-T5点,两组PaO_2及PvO_2对比无统计学意义,P0.05;T6点时,A组的PaO_2及PvO_2明显高于B组,T7点时,A组的PaO_2明显高于B组,P0.05。结论:胸椎旁阻滞复合全身麻醉与硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉的麻醉效果相同,术后运动性镇痛效果及术后氧合优于硬膜外阻滞,且术后胸部并发症较少。     

Efficacy of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The erector spinae plane block is a new regional anaesthesia technique that provides truncal anaesthesia for breast surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to determine if the erector spinae plane block is effective at reducing pain scores and opioid consumption after breast surgery. This study also evaluated the outcomes of erector spinae plane blocks compared with other regional blocks. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. We included randomised controlled trials reporting the use of the erector spinae plane block in adult breast surgery. Risk of bias was assessed with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess trial quality. Thirteen randomised controlled trials (861 patients; 418 erector spinae plane block, 215 no blocks, 228 other blocks) were included. Erector spinae plane block reduced postoperative pain compared with no block: at 0-2 hours (mean difference (95% CI) −1.63 (−2.97 to −0.29), 6 studies, 329 patients, high-quality evidence, I² = 98%, p = 0.02); at 6 hours (mean difference (95% CI) −0.90 (−1.49 to −0.30), 5 studies, 250 patients, high-quality evidence, I² = 91%, p = 0.003); at 12 hours (mean difference (95% CI) −0.46 (−0.67 to −0.25), 5 studies, 250 patients, high-quality evidence, I² = 58%, p < 0.0001); and at 24 hours (mean difference (95% CI) −0.50 (−0.70 to −0.30), 6 studies, 329 patients, high-quality evidence, I² = 76%, p < 0.00001). Compared with no block, erector spinae plane block also showed significantly lower postoperative oral morphine equivalent requirements (mean difference (95% CI) −21.55mg (−32.57 to −10.52), 7 studies, 429 patients, high-quality evidence, I² = 99%, p = 0.0001). Separate analysis of studies comparing erector spinae plane block with pectoralis nerve block and paravertebral block showed that its analgesic efficacy was inferior to pectoralis nerve block and similar to paravertebral block. The incidence of pneumothorax was 2.6% in the paravertebral block group; there were no reports of complications of the other blocks. This review has shown that the erector spinae plane block is more effective at reducing postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores up to 24 hours compared with general anaesthesia alone. However, it was inferior to the pectoralis nerve block and its efficacy was similar to paravertebral block. Further evidence, preferably from properly blinded trials, is required to confirm these findings.     

Postoperative Pain Treatment after Upper Abdominal Surgery with Epidural Morphine at Thoracic or Lumbar Level

Thirty patients undergoing upper laparotomy were entered into a randomized trial, comparing the effect of midthoracic (T) and lumbar (L) epidural morphine on postoperative pain and pulmonary function. Five mg morphine was injected through the catheter at the end of the operation, and subsequently three times a day. Six, 30 and 54 h postoperatively, the following tests were performed: linear analogue pain score, arterial gas tensions (PaO2, PaCO2 and pH), forced ventilatory capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). The changes in pain score (increase of the median): T: 21, 6, 5, and L: 24, 15, 8 per cent of full scale), PaO2 (decrease of the tension: T: 1.7, 2.1, 2.4, and L: 2.0, 2.8, 2.0 kPa), PaCO2, pH, FVC (decrease of the volume: T: 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, and L: 1.3, 1.3, 1.21), FEV1 and PEF from the preoperative tests were not significantly different. It is concluded that the clinical effect of epidural morphine for postoperative pain treatment is the same or little different whether the administration takes place at the thoracic or lumbar level.     

罗哌卡因局麻与镇痛泵对髋部骨折术后镇痛效果比较

目的比较罗哌卡因局部浸润与自控镇痛泵对髋部骨折术后的镇痛效果。方法采用随机、单盲和对照实验,将髋部骨折术后123例随机分为治疗组61例,对照组62例。治疗组在皮肤缝合前术区行罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉,对照组予术后静脉镇痛泵镇痛,采用视觉模拟评分法对术后10 h内的疗效进行评估,比较其不良反应的发生率。结果治疗组疼痛缓解程度与对照组无明显差异（P〉0.05）,不良反应发生率较对照组显著减少（P〈0.05）。结论罗哌卡因局部浸润对于髋部骨折术后镇痛效果良好,不良反应显著减少,因此罗哌卡因局部浸润是髋部骨折术后镇痛的一种较好方法。     

Intraoperative Psoas Compartment Block vs Preoperative Fascia Iliaca Block for Pain Control After Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

Modern joint arthroplasty protocols place an emphasis on minimizing patient-reported postoperative pain while minimizing opioid consumption. The use of multimodal pain management protocols has been reported to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty.

The Effect of Pre-emptive Dexketoprofen Administration on Postoperative Pain Management in Patients with Ultrasound Guided Interscalene Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Abstract

Background: Postoperative pain is an important problem for patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Our study investigated analgesic efficacy, duration of analgesia, postoperative analgesic use and patient satisfaction with the use of preemptive intravenous dexketoprofen for interscalene block in addition to general anesthesia in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Methods: 60 patients, scheduled for arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomized (30 patients each) into either: - control group (Group1) or dexketoprofen group (Group 2). Patients were followed for 48?hours to compare both groups for; post-operative pain scores, effectiveness of postoperative analgesia, duration of analgesia, and analgesia consumption. Duration of postoperative sensory block of the shoulder joint was defined as time to onset of pain at the incision site. Duration of postoperative motor block of the shoulder joint was defined as time to onset of first shoulder movement. Results: While no significant difference was determined for motor block time, sensory block time was significantly longer in the dexketoprofen group (p?<?0.05).VAS scores were significantly lower at all times in the dexketoprofen group (p?<?0.05).Total PCA fentanyl consumption was 274.16?±?314.89 (μg) in the dexketoprofen group, and 490.00?±?408.98 (μg) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (p?<?0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups’ demographic and hemodynamic data. Conclusion: Pre-emptive IV dexketoprofen may be a good option for arthroscopic shoulder surgery and provides effective analgesia.