脚踏式清洗消毒手术床的研制与应用

自行设计脚踏式清洗消毒手术床，其结构包括床架、床板和清洗消毒装置。具有操作方便、快捷、省时、省力，减少医院感染，抢救及时等优点，经临床使用，效果满意，减轻了护理人员工作负担，提高了护理工作质量。     

GETINGE全自动清洗消毒器在供应室的应用

目的:探讨GETINGE全自动清洗消毒器对供应室医疗器械、物品的清洗、消毒效果.方法:将各临床科室使用后的医疗器械、物品回收后,放王于全自动清洗消毒器内清洗、消毒、干燥.结果;GETINGE清洗消毒嚣具有高效、省时、省力,且操作简便、安全等优点.结论:运用GET-INGE全自动清洗消毒器对医疗器械、物品进行清洗消毒,既能提高清洗质量,保证灭菌效果,又能控制因交叉感染而造成的医院感染.     

浅谈影响再生医疗器械清洗消毒的因素及处理方法

目的:讨论影响再生医疗器械清洗消毒的因素及处理方法.方法:依据国家卫生部法规性文件<医院感染管理规范>、<医院消毒技术规范>为标准,规范清洗、强化清洗质量以减少医院感染.结果:进一步完善了消毒供应中心管理制度.结论做好清洗消毒第一关,是预防医院感染管理工作中的重要环节,防止交叉感染,确保灭菌物品的无菌供应及全院医疗安全.     

全自动清洗消毒器物品压力杆的设计与应用

为预防和控制医院感染,提高医疗器械、物品的清洗质量,保证供应到临床各科室的医疗物品、器械达到无菌要求,利用机器自动地对医疗物品、器械进行有效的清洗、消毒,既能避免供应室工作人员交叉感染,又能减轻工作人员的工作强度,更为医疗物品最终达到灭菌要求提供了保障。我院消毒供应室2008年6月引进2台EASY350型全自动清洗消毒器（山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司生产）,     

清洗消毒质量监测记录单的设计与应用

消毒供应中心承担医院内可重复使用的医疗器械、器具和物品清洗、消毒、灭菌工作。由于以往对清洗、消毒质量没有监测和记录,常致器械清洗消毒不彻底,无法保障灭菌质量。鉴此,笔者设计清洗、消毒质量检测记录单,并将其应用于消毒供应中心,取     

消毒供应中心设置总质检班对物品清洗消毒灭菌质量的影响

目的探讨消毒供应中心设立总质检班次对提高各种污染物品清洗和灭菌质量的作用。方法 2009年10月始重新调整班次职责,设置专职总质检班,依据卫生部对消毒供应中心清洗消毒灭菌质量的规定,建立"日常监测记录表"对污染器械、物品清洗质量进行监测并记录,以确保清洗、消毒、灭菌各环节的工作质量,为全院提供合格的无菌产品。结果 2009年10月至2012年3月设立总质检班后污染器械清洗不合格数下降;无菌物品采样细菌培养均为无菌生长,100%合格。结论总质检班护士每日实行常态化检查督促,及时发现并纠正清洗环节的问题,协助护士长做好难点、弱点、重点的质量管理,能在第一时间纠正偏差,使消毒供应中心器械清洗工作质量得以及时有效的持续改进。     

全自动清洗消毒器物品压力杆的设计与应用

为预防和控制医院感染,提高医疗器械、物品的清洗质量,保证供应到临床各科室的医疗物品、器械达到无菌要求,利用机器自动地对医疗物品、器械进行有效的清洗、消毒．既能避免供应室工作人员交叉感染,又能减轻工作人员的工作强度,更为医疗物品最终达到灭菌要求提供了保障。     

医用瓶清洗消毒箱的研制及应用

为了防止交叉感染,临床通常将氧气湿化瓶、吸引器引流瓶等医用瓶充分浸泡消毒30 min后,清水冲洗干净,干燥保存备用.但消毒中存在一些问题,如消毒液浓度不够、未充分浸入消毒液中,消毒后未将消毒残液冲洗干净,消毒后或冲洗、晾干和保存等环节亦存在二次污染.为有效解决以上问题,我们研制了医用瓶清洗消毒箱,介绍如下. 1材料与制作 箱体和箱盖采用透明塑料制成.箱体底部设有空心夹层,空心夹层内设置有管件连接件四通,四通上连接有4根连接管,箱体内的底板装有4根清洗管,每个清洗管与空心夹层内对应的连接管连接,一进水管穿入空心夹层内与四通的进水口连接,箱体内底板上方一侧的箱壁上安装有出水阀.     

一次性注射器针筒在管道清洗中的应用

目前,临床科室使用的各类呼吸管道均由消毒供应中心统一集中收回并清洗消毒.当遇到呼吸道疾病高发期、危重患者较多时,清洗消毒机预留的管道插座数量有限,无法一次清洗消毒,以致不能及时满足临床科室的需要.鉴此,我科将一次性注射器针筒改造用于相同管径呼吸管道的互接中,提高了工作效率,介绍如下.     

多种类正压式动力送风过滤式呼吸器清洗消毒实践

目的 探讨被新型冠状病毒污染的正压式动力送风过滤式呼吸器在消毒供应中心的清洗消毒方法.方法 消毒供应中心人员根据说明书以及国家发布的相关文件和指南,针对正压式动力送风过滤式呼吸器材质、结构特点及时制订正压式动力送风过滤式呼吸器清洗消毒流程.结果 清洗消毒正压式动力送风过滤式呼吸器144套,功能完好,使用者反馈无问题,医院感染管理科监测消毒效果符合标准要求,未发生使用者医院感染情况.结论 正压式动力送风过滤式呼吸器科学规范的清洗消毒方法能有效地杀灭新型冠状病毒,并保证呼吸器功能完好性,为医护人员提供合格的无菌物品.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.