胰十二指肠切除术中处理变异肝右动脉10例临床体会

<正>临床中由于变异肝右动脉沿胰头后方或经胰头实质内穿过,并于胆总管后方上行,该变异血管的存在对胰十二指肠切除术中淋巴结清扫及肿瘤切除均提出巨大的挑战。回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年11月滨州医学院附属医院收治的10例行胰十二指肠切除术中证实变异肝右动脉病人的临床资料。现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料共纳入行胰十二指肠切除术中证实变异肝右动脉病人10例,其中男性6例,女     

胰十二指肠切除术中变异右肝动脉的保护及临床意义

探讨变异右肝动脉(a R H A)与胰十二指肠切除术后并发症的关系及术中保护的意义。回顾性分析2000年1月1日—2012年5月31日收治的157例胰十二指肠切除术患者临床资料,根据存在a R H A与否,分为a R H A组及标准右肝动脉(s R H A)组。其中,a R H A组21例,s R H A组136例,两组手术时间分别为400±85、385±78 m in,术中出血量分别为900(200~1800)、850(150~2100)m L。a R H A组患者,术后1例发生胰漏,1例出血,2例出现延迟性胃排空,1例发生胆汁漏。s R H A组患者,术后8例发生胰漏,7例出血,10例出现延迟性胃排空,2例发生胆汁漏。两组术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义。对于行胰十二指肠切除术的患者,术中妥善保护a R H A,可能有助于减少胰瘘、胆汁漏及术后出血等并发症发生的风险。     

胰十二指肠切除术中所见肝动脉变异4例报告

目的探讨肝动脉变异在胰十二指肠切除术中的处理。方法回顾性分析近5年来收治的43例胰十二指肠切除患者中4例肝动脉变异的临床资料。结果 4例肝动脉变异患者中,1例副肝左动脉起胃左动脉,1例肝右动脉起自肠系膜上动脉,2例肝固有动脉起自肠系膜上动脉。4例患者中3例完整保留变异肝动脉,其中包含2例贯穿胰腺实质的变异肝固有动脉;1例变异副肝左动脉直接切断结扎后无严重不良后果。结论术前完善的影像学检查和手术中的细致探查能够及时、准确了解肝动脉变异情况,合理手术操作可妥善处理各种肝动脉变异,避免损伤。     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术患者肝动脉变异的识别与处理

回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年1月期间行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的6例肝动脉变异患者的临床资料。4例与Michels分型一致,其余2例未包含在Michels分型中。有4例在术前阅片时已识别变异肝动脉的走行,并在术中得以确诊,有2例在术中发现,术前诊断率66%。6例患者均无肝动脉损伤。笔者认为肝动脉及胰头十二指肠区域...     

胰十二指肠切除中合并肝动脉变异患者的诊治

目的 探讨肝动脉解剖变异在胰十二指肠切除术中的临床特点及处理原则.方法 回顾性研究2000年1月至2007年7月收治的176例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床及影像学资料,探讨相关肝动脉变异的类型、影像学检查及术中处理原则.结果 经术中证实,176例患者中20例存在与胰十二指肠切除术相关的肝动脉变异,其中副肝右动脉起自肠系膜上动脉9例(5.1%),替代肝右动脉起自肠系膜上动脉5例(2.8%),肝总动脉起自肠系膜上动脉4例(2.3%),替代肝右动脉起自胃十二指肠动脉2例(1.1%).术前增强螺旋CT资料可明确诊断起源于肠系膜上动脉的变异肝动脉.20例患者中18例完整保留变异肝动脉,其中包含1例贯穿胰腺实质的变异肝总动脉;2例变异肝右动脉损伤患者积极处理后无严重不良后果.结论 术前增强螺旋CT多能准确显示肝动脉变异情况,合理的手术操作可妥善处理各种肝动脉变异.     

CT血管成像对胰十二指肠切除术前肝动脉变异的检出价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)对胰十二指肠切除术前肝动脉的检出价值.方法 胰腺癌和壶腹周围肿瘤患者术前均行腹部CT血管成像(CTA),以数字减影血管造影(DSA)和术中所见的肝动脉解剖为金标准进行比较.结果 81例患者纳入本研究,其中29例行DSA评估肿瘤可切除性和动脉灌注化疗,66接受了手术治疗.CTA检测到17例(21％)患者有变异的肝动脉,13例(16.0％)为一根动脉变异,4例(4.9％)为两根动脉变异.按Michels分型,Ⅳ型、Ⅶ和Ⅷ型各1例,MichelsⅢ型和Ⅴ型各2例,5例为MichelsⅥ型,4例为MichelsⅪ型,1例为罕见变异,未包括在Michels分型里.MSCTA的准确率、灵敏度和特异度均为100％.对于每根肝动脉的清晰度评分,MSCTA与DSA的差异无统计学意义.结论 MSCTA可有效评估胰头周围动脉的解剖变异,为胰十二指肠切除术前了解胰周血管结构提供有价值的信息.     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术中肝动脉变异的识别与处理：附9例报道

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除手术中遇到的肝动脉变异及其意义。方法 回顾性收集2020年1月至2023年1月期间笔者所在团队收治的26例行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除手术患者的临床资料,分析根据相关临床及影像学资料术前评估的肝动脉变异情况及其类型,以及术中采取的针对性措施和患者的预后。结果 根据术前腹部增强CT、动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影成像以及术中对肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化,26例行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除手术患者中有9例存在肝动脉变异：1例为替代肝左动脉,2例为替代肝右动脉,2例为副肝左动脉,3例为肝总动脉起源于肠系膜上动脉;另1例为右肝动脉发自腹主动脉,该例动脉变异在传统分型中没有。对来源于肠系膜上动脉的变异肝动脉在术中采取后路入进行分离血管,对来源于胃左动脉的变异肝动脉术中则采用前路入的方式进行分离。9例肝动脉变异患者术后均恢复良好,均未出现严重并发症。结论 针对腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除手术中遇到的各种肝动脉变异,需要术前仔细评估;术中应根据血管直径大小以及阻断后肝脏血运变化情况决定是否保留该变异血管;术中进行合理操作,以避免损伤肝动脉。     

胰十二脂肠切除术中变异肝动脉识别与处理

正胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)是治疗壶腹周围恶性肿瘤、癌前病变和部分良性疾病的标准术式。PD手术难度较大,术后并发症发生率高~([1])。胰头十二指肠区域解剖结构复杂,与周围血管关系密切,术中易发生损伤,若存在解剖变异则使手术难度和风险增加。变异肝动脉(aberrant hepatic artery,AHA)是PD术中常见的解剖变异之一,其发生率高,为19.7%~45.0%~([2])。AHA增加了     

胰十二指肠切除术中常见血管变异及应对策略

胰十二指肠切除术是胰头及壶腹周围肿瘤的标准术式,也是腹部外科最复杂和危险的手术.至今,胰十二指肠切除术的术后并发症发生率仍明显高于其他消化外科手术,术后并发症发生率为30％～50％,术后死亡率为1％～5％[1-2].如何降低术后胰漏、出血、腹腔感染、胆漏、胃排空延迟等并发症的发生一直是外科医师努力改进的方向.同时,高质...     

保留幽门和胃十二指肠动脉的胰十二指肠切除术

幽门保留型胰十二指肠切除术(PPPD)已成为胰十二指肠区良恶性肿瘤的标准治疗方法,尤其是对于那些壶腹癌病例,操作简化,死亡率低和术后营养改善。但在这一手术常需切断胃十二指肠动脉,由此影响十二指肠的充分血供以及术后胃十二指肠动脉残端的致死性大出血,后者尤多发生于残留胰腺功能和形态正常的壶腹周围癌,胰腺纤维化者每日分泌胰液20～50mL,而柔软胰腺者则分泌多达300～600mL胰液,一旦发生吻合口漏,因消化的作用而导致大出血。为此,作者回顾分析1988～1992年8例PPPD手术切断胃十二指肠动脉以及1993～1994年10例     

Clinical features and management of pseudoaneurysmal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy

A ruptured pseudoaneurysm is the most serious and life-threatening cause of postpancreatoduodenectomy (PD) hemorrhages. We have evaluated the clinical course and management of pseudoaneurysms after PD. Of 586 patients who underwent PD for periampullary tumors in Asan Medical Center between March 2003 and March 2011, 27 experienced pseudoaneurysmal bleeding. Bleeding developed at a median of 21 days (range, 8 to 45 days) after surgery, including 9 patients who developed bleeding more than 4 weeks after surgery. Before development of bleeding, 26 patients showed pancreatic fistula. Bleeding was developed from the gastroduodenal artery stump in 12 patients, the common hepatic artery in eight, the proper hepatic artery in five, and the left hepatic artery in two. Of the angiographic group, 21 patients underwent with microcoil embolization, four underwent stent insertion, and one experienced technical failure. Only one patient required emergent laparotomy without angiography. Of 25 patients with angiographic procedures, all patients achieved hemostasis. The mortality rate was 22.2 per cent (6 patients). Delayed hemorrhage after PD is closely associated with pancreatic fistula and carried a significantly higher mortality rate. The patients with pancreatic fistula should be carefully monitored, even more than 4 weeks after surgery. Selective microcoil embolization or stent graft is effective for pseudoaneurysmal bleeding.     

肝结核的临床特点及诊治分析

肝结核比较少见,加上缺乏特异性的临床表现及辅助检查,往往难以及时作出诊断,常被误诊为肝炎、肝癌及肝脓肿等.近年来,临床肝结核的报道有所增加,现对我院1997年1月-2010年3月收治的4例肝结核患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,以期提高对肝结核的诊断及认识.     

肝动脉溶栓联合脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝移植术后肝动脉血栓的临床分析

目的  分析经导管肝动脉溶栓联合脾动脉栓塞术在肝移植术后肝动脉血栓（HAT）治疗中的临床疗效。方法  回顾性分析因肝移植术后HAT行经导管肝动脉溶栓联合脾动脉栓塞术的9例患者的临床资料。总结HAT的发生情况和溶栓治疗情况;总结溶栓相关并发症的发生情况和预后情况;分析典型病例的溶栓治疗过程。结果  HAT发现时间为肝移植术后1~66 d,中位时间10 d。HAT形成部位分别为肝动脉主干吻合口处8例,右支1例。9例均为发现当日急诊行经导管肝动脉溶栓联合脾动脉栓塞术。肝动脉术中开通4例,术后留置导管溶栓开通3例,开通时间为72~96 h,总开通率为7/9。术后溶栓相关并发症为腹腔出血1例。死亡3例,死因分别为肝动脉开通失败后死于肝衰竭和感染2例,介入治疗后70 d死于胆道缺血及全身感染1例。结论  肝动脉溶栓联合脾动脉栓塞术对于肝移植术后HAT的治疗具有良好的临床疗效,可作为无条件再次肝移植情况下的首选治疗方案。     

The management of variant arterial anatomy during hepatic arterial infusion pump placement

Background The success of hepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) placement in patients with variant arterial anatomy has not been well described. Methods Patients who underwent HAIP placement over a 5-year time period were evaluated. Arterial- and catheter-related pump complication rates and pump survival were compared between patients with normal and variant arterial anatomy. Results Pumps were placed in 265 patients. Variant anatomy was present in 98 (37%) patients. The presence of variant versus normal anatomy did not increase pump complication rates (8% vs. 4%;P=.18) or decrease pump survival (P=.12). In all patients with an isolated variant right or left hepatic artery (n=56), ligation of the variant vessel and cannulation of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) resulted in complete hepatic perfusion and no pump complications. Cannulation of vessels other than the GDA (n=22) was associated with increased pump complication rates (27% vs. 4%;P=.0001) and decreased pump survival (P=.002). Conclusions In this study, HAIP placement in patients with variant anatomy was not associated with increased pump complication rates or decreased pump survival. An optimal strategy for managing variant anatomy is to ligate isolated variant vessels and cannulate the GDA.     

腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术的临床应用现状

腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术（laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy,LPD）是腹部外科手术中最复杂、风险最高的手术之一,近年来随着精准、微创的外科理念不断发展,各级医疗机构及外科医师对LPD重视程度变高,LPD逐步开展。本文就LPD适应证、禁忌证、手术方法、手术安全性以及肿瘤远期预后作一综述。     

Hepatotrophic effect of portal blood during hepatic arterial recirculation

Portal branch ligation (PBL) is known to induce a rapid and progressive atrophy in the liver parenchyma without portal blood flow and compensatory hyperplasia in the segments receiving the whole portal flow. In this study, the hepatotrophic effect of portal blood was studied in rats with PBL and after this procedure was combined with different portosystemic shunts. After 2 weeks, the most severe atrophy was found in ligated lobes of rats with PBL alone. In shunted animals, the atrophy was significantly inhibited and in relation to the magnitude of portal flow bypassed the liver. This suggests that in shunted rats, the portal-bone hepatotrophic factors undergo systemic recirculation and affect the liver by way of the hepatic artery. Simultaneously, in PBL + shunt rats, the rate of atrophy normally induced by a shunt was also dependent on the amount of portal blood available to this part of the liver. By a balance between these 2 processes, the total liver mass was maintained at the level found in sham PBL + shunt control rats.     

多层螺旋CT显示肝左右动脉变异的研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对肝左右动脉变异的显示能力。方法对接受多层螺旋CT肝脏增强扫描的268例患者进行回顾性动脉期三维重建,观察肝动脉变异出现情况。结果经典型肝动脉共198例(74%),出现变异肝动脉的70例(26%);其中代替肝左动脉(RLHA)19例(7%),代替肝右动脉(RRHA)27例(10%);代替肝左与代替肝右同时存在4例(1.5%);存在副肝左动脉的(ALHA)9例(3.4%);副肝右动脉(ARHA)11例(4.1%)。结论多层螺旋CT可以显示肝左右动脉的变异。     

动脉期强化肝脏炎性假瘤超声造影特征

目的探讨CEUS表现为动脉期强化的肝脏炎性假瘤(IPT)的增强模式。方法回顾性分析31例经病理证实的肝脏IPT患者的临床与超声资料。应用低机械指数实时CEUS技术,造影剂用量为2.4ml;分析各病灶在动脉期、门静脉期以及延迟期的增强特点,并进行比较。结果肿瘤平均最大径(3.53±1.21)cm(1.0~7.7cm)。CEUS表现为整体增强18个、环状增强6个、蜂窝状增强7个。27个病灶在门静脉期及延迟期均呈低回声,4个病灶的增强部分与肝实质同步消褪。病灶平均开始增强时间平均(17.10±3.86)s,达峰时间(22.33±4.82)s,呈等回声时间(28.83±6.42)s,呈低回声时间(51.33±45.29)s。结论肝脏IPT可呈现多种CEUS增强模式,取决于病灶内病理学改变。     

胰十二指肠切除术后围手术期腹腔或消化道出血的诊治

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后围手术期腹腔或消化道出血的原因及防治.方法 回顾性研究1998年1月至2008年4月共263例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,分析其中合并有围手术期腹腔或消化道出血患者术后出血的影响因素.结果 263例胰十二指肠切除术患者中,围手术期死亡13例(4.94% ),并发术后腹腔或消化道出血23例(8.75% ),并发术后围手术期出血患者中,死亡8例(8/23,34.8% ).统计学分析显示,胰瘘、肿瘤直径、Child分级、是否钩突切除为影响术后围手术期出血的相关因素.多因素Logistic回归分析表明,肿瘤直径、Child分期及是否发生胰瘘为影响出血的独立危险因素.结论 术中仔细止血是预防术后围手术期出血的重要因素;胰瘘是引发术后出血的重要原因;使用生长抑素类药物对预防及控制出血未见明显效果.     

Problems of reconstruction during pancreatoduodenectomy.

Pancreatoduodenectomy may be a difficult operation, not only during the resectional part of the procedure, but also during reconstruction. Usually, these problems are due to local conditions of the organs/tissues, such as small diameter of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct, friable soft pancreas, vascular anomalies, etc. Reconstruction may also be problematic because of the hemodynamic instability of the patient during surgery (subsequent to massive hemorrhage), and in those unusual cases, delayed reconstruction may be a life-saving, wise choice.