dl-四氢巴马汀对家兔窦房结和豚鼠心室肌慢反应电活动的影响

用细胞内固定微电极技术观察到dl-四氢巴马汀(THP)30～100μM使家兔窦房结细胞动作电位的振幅(APA)、零相去极化速率(SP_0)和舒张期4相去极化速率(SP_4)逐渐降低,小剂量使动作电位复极90％的时程(APD_(90))延长,大剂量使其缩短,并使心率(HR)减慢。THP 30～300μM使高K~+除极和河豚毒素(TTX)所致的豚鼠乳头状肌细胞慢反应动作电位的APA、零相最大上升速率(V_(max))逐渐降低,复极50％的时程(APD_(50))缩短。实验结果提示THP可能有钙拮抗作用。     

Effect of bepridil on membrane currents of rabbit sinoatrial node cells

Effect of 1-[3-isobutoxy-2-(benzylphenyl) amino]propyl pyrrolidine hydrochloride (bepridil), a new antianginal agent, on membrane potentials and membrane currents of sinoatrial node cells of rabbits was examined using conventional microelectrode and double microelectrode voltage clamp methods. Bepridil at a concentration of 10 mumol/l caused an increase in spontaneous cycle length, and a decrease in maximum rate of rise of the action potential and action potential amplitude. The rate of diastolic depolarization (phase 4) was also decreased by the drug. In the voltage clamp experiment, bepridil reduced both the slow inward current (Isi) and the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih), and increased the recovery time constant of Isi, whereas the time-dependent potassium current (IK) was not altered significantly. The major effect, however, was the reduction of Isi. These electrophysiological findings suggest that bepridil has a depressant effect on the electrical activity of sinoatrial node mainly by mediating the depression of slow channel.     

Effects of berberine of L- and T-type calcium channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

AIM: To study the effects of berberine (Ber) on L-(ICa,L) and T-type (ICa,T) channels in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. METHODS: Using whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. RESULTS: Ber 10, 30 mumol.L-1 inhibited the ICa, L from 1400 +/- 247 pA to 978 +/- 204 pA (n = 5 cells of 5 guinea pigs, P < 0.05), and to 664 +/- 179 pA (n = 5, P < 0.01), respectively. The inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent and non-frequency-dependent. The peak value of ICa,L in the current-voltage relationship was decreased. Ber affected the inactivation kinetics of ICa,L. The half activation potential (V0.5) was shifted from -27.8 mV to -34.2 mV and the slope factor (kappa) was changed from 9.22 into 13.03. Ber did not affect the activation kinetics. Ber 10 and 30 mumol.L-1 also inhibited ICa,T (from 154 +/- 80 pA to 101 +/- 78 pA, and to 48 +/- 45 pA, n = 8 cells of 5 guinea pigs, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ber possessed blocking effects on both L- and T-type calcium channels.     

蜂毒肽对豚鼠心室肌细胞钾电流和动作电位的影响(英文)

目的:研究蜂毒肽(Melittin,Mel)对豚鼠心室肌细胞钾电流和动作电位的影响.方法:全细胞膜片箝记录.结果:蜂毒肽可呈浓度依赖性促进延迟整流钾电流(I_k),在测定电压为40 mv时,0.05,0.1,0.2μmol·L~(-1)蜂毒肽分别使I_k从(295±109)增大到(371±142)(n=5 P<0.05),(467±180)(n=5,P<0.05),(552±248)pA(n=5,P<0.05).但药物在三个浓度时对内向整流钾电流(I_(k1))均无显著影响.蜂毒肽0.05,0.1,0.2 μmol·L~(-1)分别使动作电位APD_(50)由(520±55)减小到(459±91)(n=5,P>0.05),(385±102)(n=5,P<0.01),(281±81)ms(n=5,P<0.01),使APD_(90)由(613±96)减小到(536±93)(n=5,P>0.05),(467±96)(n=5,P<0.01),(354±95)ms(n=5,P<0.01).结论:蜂毒肽促进延迟整流钾电流,缩短动作电位时程.     

莫索尼定对兔窦房结起搏细胞的电生理效应(英文)

目的　研究莫索尼定 (Mox)对窦房结起搏细胞是否具有电生理作用及其相关受体以探讨Mox治疗实验性心律不齐的机理。方法　利用细胞内微电极技术记录窦房结细胞AP。结果　Mox(0 .3～ 3mmol·L- 1)浓度依赖性地降低AP的舒张期除极速率 (VDD) ,减慢自发搏动速率 (RPF) ,延长AP复极达 5 0 %及 90 %的时程 (APD50 和APD90 )。 1和 3mmol·L- 1Mox还明显增大最大舒张电位 (MDP)的绝对值。预先灌流α2 受体拮抗剂育亨宾 (1.0 μmol·L- 1,2 0min)取消Mox降低VDD ,延长APD50 和APD90 的作用 ;拮抗较低浓度Mox降低RPF和增大MDP的作用。育亨宾处理标本后 ,Mox显著增加AP幅度和最大除极速率。结论　Mox延长兔窦房结起搏细胞动作电位APD50 和APD90 以及降低VDD的作用主要由α2 受体中介。Mox增大MDP绝对值和减慢RPF的作用则与α2 受体部分相关     

Ionic mechanisms underlying the negative chronotropic action of propofol on sinoatrial node automaticity in guinea pig heart

Background and Purpose

Propofol is a widely used intravenous anaesthetic agent, but has undesirable cardiac side effects, including bradyarrhythmia and its severe form asystole. This study examined the ionic and cellular mechanisms underlying propofol-induced bradycardia.

Experimental Approach

Sinoatrial node cells, isolated from guinea pig hearts, were current- and voltage-clamped to record action potentials and major ionic currents involved in their spontaneous activity, such as the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I_f), T-type and L-type Ca²⁺ currents (I_Ca,T and I_Ca,L, respectively) and the rapidly and slowly activating delayed rectifier K⁺ currents (I_Kr and I_Ks, respectively). ECGs were recorded from Langendorff-perfused, isolated guinea pig hearts.

Key Results

Propofol (≥5 μM) reversibly decreased the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials and their diastolic depolarization rate. Propofol impaired I_f activation by shifting the voltage-dependent activation to more hyperpolarized potentials (≥1 μM), slowing the activation kinetics (≥3 μM) and decreasing the maximal conductance (≥10 μM). Propofol decreased I_Ca,T (≥3 μM) and I_Ca,L (≥1 μM). Propofol suppressed I_Ks (≥3 μM), but had a minimal effect on I_Kr. Furthermore, propofol (≥5 μM) decreased heart rates in Langendorff-perfused hearts. The sinoatrial node cell model reasonably well reproduced the negative chronotropic action of propofol.

Conclusions and Implications

Micromolar concentrations of propofol suppressed the slow diastolic depolarization and firing rate of sinoatrial node action potentials by impairing I_f activation and reducing I_Ca,T, I_Ca,L and I_Ks. These observations suggest that the direct inhibitory effect of propofol on sinoatrial node automaticity, mediated via multiple channel inhibition, underlies the propofol-induced bradycardia observed in clinical settings.     

Effect of progesterone on calcium activated potassium currents and intracellular calcium in guinea pig colon myocytes

AIMS: To study the effects of progesterone on contractile activity of smooth muscle strips and on ion currents and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) intensity in single colonic myocytes in guinea pig proximal colons. METHODS: Strips and single cells were dissected from female guinea pig proximal colon. Contraction of strips through an isotonic transducer was assessed and the responsible currents to progesterone were recorded with EPC-9 amplifier in nystatin perforated whole-cell configuration. Detection of [Ca2+]i fluorescence loading fura-2 acetoxymethylester (fura-2/AM) was measured with confocal microscope. RESULTS: Progesterone significantly inhibited contraction of guinea pig colon strips in a dose-dependent pattern. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of progesterone in longitudinal strips and circular strips was, respectively, 9.7 microM and 1.0 nM. Iberiotoxin (IbTX) partially blocked inhibition of progesterone in both oriented smooth muscle strips. Ca2+ activated K+ (K(Ca)) channel currents recorded by depolarizing pulse protocol were enhanced by progesterone to 138% +/- 13% (n = 9, p < 0.01), and to 143% +/- 12% (n = 8, p < 0.01) when perfused with 10 mcM onapristone. Progesterone reduced L-Ca2+ currents to 67% +/- 6% (n = 7, p < 0.01) and had no effect with 5 microM nicardipine in bath solution. [Ca2+]i fluorescence was reduced by progesterone to 75% +/- 12% (n = 8, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Progesterone decreases the contraction of colonic smooth muscles by enhancing K(Ca) currents and reducing Ca2+ influx.     

Mode of action of bradycardic agent, S 16257, on ionic currents of rabbit sinoatrial node cells.

1. The effect of the bradycardic agent S 16257 on the main ionic mechanisms of diastolic depolarization in sinoatrial node cells isolated from rabbit heart, was investigated by the patch-clamp technique in whole-cell and macro-patch recordings. 2. In whole-cell conditions, S 16257 induced a marked exponential use-dependent blockade of the hyperpolarization-activated I(f) current, without shift of the voltage range of its activation curve. The rate of block increased with the drug concentration. The IC50 for the block of I(f) was 2.8 x 10(-6) M. 3. A similar use-dependent decline of I(f) was obtained with 3 microM S 16257, in cell-attached and in inside out macro-patch configurations, suggesting that the bradycardic agent interacts with I(f) channels from the inside of the cell. 4. A high concentration of S 16257 (10 microM) had no detectable effect on T-type calcium current and slightly decreased L-type calcium current (-18.12 +/- 0.66%), without significant use-dependent blockade. 5. S 16257 had no effect on the delayed outward potassium current Ik at 3 microM and slightly decreased it only at high concentrations, -16.3 +/- 1.2% at 10 microM. In contrast, zatebradine, another bradycardic agent, reduced I k by 20.3 +/- 2.5% at 3 microM. 6. In conclusion, S 16257 may lower heart rate without significant negative inotropic action. In comparison with zatebradine, S 16257 had less effect on Ik suggesting less prolongation of repolarization time.     

蝙蝠葛碱和利多卡因对人心房和兔房室结细胞动作电位及窦房结功能的影响

蝙蝠葛碱(Dau)浓度依赖性抑制病人心房纤维及家兔房室结细胞APA,V_(max),减慢SR,病人心房纤维SP_4亦明显降低,并延长房室结细胞APD_(90)。利多卡因(Lid)在治疗浓度对AP各参数无明显影响,100μmol/L时明显降低病人心房纤维APA,V_(max),30μmol/L时降低兔房室结细胞V_(max)和SP_4。在两种标本,SR均呈减慢趋势。Dau明显延长家兔SACT,对SNRT,CSNRT,SNRTI和HR无明显影响,但与Lid合用可使CSNRT明显延长。提示Dau明显抑制窦房结传导功能,与Lid合用时使其自律性亦明显降低。Dau抑制心房纤维和房室结细胞AP可能为其临床上有效地治疗室上性快速型心律失常的主要电生理基础。     

葛根素对豚鼠心肌细胞动作电位及有效不应期的影响

目的　观察葛根素对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位及有效不应期的影响 ,以探讨其抗心律失常的作用机制。方法　采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术。结果　①葛根素 0 0 0 5 ,0 0 1,0 0 15mmol·L-1能使豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位复极5 0 %时程 (APD50 )和复极 90 %时程 (APD90 )明显延长 ,APD50分别由 ( 176 4 3± 5 1 3 7)ms延长至 ( 192 86± 60 82 )ms(n=7,P <0 0 5 ) ,( 2 0 0 71± 63 0 8)ms和 ( 2 0 7 71± 65 4 5 )ms(n =7,P <0 0 1) ;APD90 分别由 ( 2 0 0 71± 5 9 75 )ms延长至 ( 2 2 1 4 3± 70 4 6)ms(n =7,P <0 0 5 ) ,( 2 3 5 0 0±5 8 88)ms和 ( 2 4 0 0 0± 5 8 4 5 )ms(n =7,P <0 0 1) ,并且这种延长呈现量效关系。②采用 0 2 ,0 5 ,1,2 ,4Hz频率的方波刺激 ,发现在 0 0 1mmol·L-1时葛根素延长心肌细胞APD50 有明显的非逆向频率依赖性。③使用双脉冲刺激发现在 0 0 1mmol·L-1时葛根素能明显延长心肌细胞的有效不应期 ,由 ( 98 0 0± 16 4 3 )ms延长至 ( 168 0 0± 13 0 4 )ms(n =5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　葛根素能延长心肌细胞APD50 和APD90 以及心肌细胞有效不应期 ,其抗心律失常的机制源于此作用。     

Effect of adenosine on sinoatrial and ventricular automaticity of the guinea pig

Summary In isolated spontaneously beating right ventricular strips and right atrial preparations of guinea pigs adenosine was found to exert a concentration-dependent suppressing effect on the pacemaker activity. Responsiveness to adenosine was approximately 30-fold higher in ventricular than in atrial preparations. A decrease in the rate of slow diastolic (phase 4) depolarization of Purkinje and sinoatrial nodal fibers proved to be a major determinant of the adenosine-induced alteration in pacemaker activity. It is suggested that adenosine might exert its depressant effect on ventricular automaticity via direct excitation of purine receptors located in the specialized pacemaker fibres of the ventricular tissue.This work was supported by the Scientific Research Council, Ministry of Public Health, Hungary, Grant No. 2-06-0101-02-2/SzPreliminary report of this work was presented at the 7th International Congress of Pharmacology, Paris, 1978     

Influence of magnesium and extracellular calcium reduction on ouabain-treated sinoatrial node cells in rabbit heart

The influence of the extracellular Mg on the slow regenerative potential induced by Ca removal was investigated by using rabbit SA node tissue treated with ouabain. When the SA node tissue was superfused with ouabain (10(-5) M), the preparation became quiescent. Further superfusion with Mg-free and Ca-free solution produced a small regenerative potential reaching 21 +/- 3 mV (n = 5). Superfusion with high Mg, Ca-free solution containing 5.19 mM Mg inhibited the regenerative potential. Superfusion of the ouabain-treated SA node tissue with Ca-free (2 mM EGTA) solution containing normal Mg or Mg-free, Ca-free (2 mM EGTA) solution produced a slow regenerative potential reaching 45 +/- 2 mV (n = 5) or 44 +/- 3 mV (n = 5). Increasing the external Mg to 3.6 mM or 6.18 mM in the Ca-free, EGTA solution caused a significant inhibition of slow regenerative potential. The addition of diltiazem (0.08 mM) blocked both normal action potential and slow regenerative potential induced by superfusion with Mg-free, Ca-free (2 mM EGTA) solution. These results suggest that Mg inhibits the development of the slow regenerative potential resulting from inward currents through the Ca channel.     

阿米洛利对豚鼠心肌细胞钾电流及钙电流的作用

目的研究阿米洛利（amiloride）对豚鼠心肌细胞钾电流及钙电流的作用。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录豚鼠心室肌细胞钾通道及钙通道电流。结果阿米洛利在10~100 μmol·L^-1抑制L型及T型钙电流,不改变钙电流I-V曲线的形状，仅抑制这两型电流的幅度。当累积浓度达100 μmol·L^-1时，阿米洛利轻微抑制快激活延迟整流钾电流(I_Kr)，对慢激活延迟整流钾电流(I_Ks)无影响。阿米洛利在1~100 μmol·L^-1浓度依赖性地抑制内向整流钾电流(I_K1)。结论阿米洛利抑制电压依赖性的钾、钙电流，为其抗心律失常作用提供了离子基础。     

Effects of Ginkgolide B on action potential and calcium, potassium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes

INTRODUCTION Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is extracted fromthe leaves of Ginkgo biloba. GbE is a multicomponentdrug with a polyvalent action. In Germany and France,such extracts were used effectively to treat cerebraldysfunction and peripheral circulatory disturbances[1].The results of clinical trails support new indications forGbE in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, par-ticularly in the prevention of ischemic heart syndromes[2].The primary active constituents of GbE incl…     

常咯啉对豚鼠和家兔单个心肌细胞钾电流的影响(英文)

目的:研究常咯啉是否对心肌细胞的钾电流有影响作用。方法:采用高阻抗密封膜片箝全细胞技术,记录分离的豚鼠和家兔心肌单个细胞的钾电流。结果:在临床用量常咯啉50μmol·L~(-1)抑制家兔心房肌细胞的瞬间外向钾电流(I_(TO))17.7％±2.4％(n=8)。但并不影响电压依赖性通道。同一剂量的常咯啉对单个家兔心室肌细胞的内向整流钾电流(I_(Kl))和单个豚鼠心室肌细胞的延迟整流钾电流(I_K)并不产生任何作用。结论:提示常咯啉具有阻制(I_(TO))的作用,而对(I_K)和(I_(Kl))无任何作用。     

红花黄素对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位和钙电流的影响

目的　观察红花黄素对豚鼠单个心室肌细胞动作电位和钙电流的影响。方法　采用膜片钳全细胞式记录技术。结果　红花黄素（３３ μｇ· Ｌ－ １） 能延长单个心室肌细胞动作电位时程,由（３５９３３ ±２７１８） ｍｓ 延长至（４１３３３ ±６１８８）ｍｓ（ Ｐ＜ ００５ ,ｎ ＝ ６） 。同时增加内向 Ｌ 型钙电流的峰值,由（ － １０２１ ±７４） ｐ Ａ 至（ － １４３６ ±２１２） ｐ Ａ（ Ｐ＜ ００５ ,ｎ ＝ ７） 。结论　由于红花黄素具有上述电生理作用,可用于心力衰竭和快速性心律失常的治疗