耳垂皱纹与冠心病的临床相关性研究

目的 :探讨冠心病病人耳垂皱纹对冠心病的预测价值。方法 :分析 82例接受冠状动脉造影术病人耳垂皱纹的深浅及性别等与冠心病 (一支或以上冠状动脉管腔内径狭窄≥5 0 % )发生的相关性。结果 :耳垂皱纹诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性分别为 80 .7%和68.0 % ;阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为 85 .2 %和 60 .7%。在女性病人中其特异性高于男性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,双侧耳垂皱纹显著的冠心病病人几乎存在前降支病变。结论 :耳垂皱纹与冠心病的发生相关 ,可考虑作为临床诊断冠心病的一个佐证。     

The Combined Effect of Ear Lobe Crease and Conventional Risk Factor in the Diagnosis of Angiographically Diagnosed Coronary Artery Disease and the Short-Term Prognosis in Patients Who Underwent Coronary Stents

The role of diagonal ear lobe crease (DELC) in coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis and prognosis remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to assess the combined effect of DELC with other conventional risk factors in the diagnosis and prognosis of CAD in Chinese patients who underwent angiography and coronary stent implantation.The study consisted of 956 consecutive patients who underwent angiography. The DELC was identified as no DELC, unilateral, and bilateral DELC. The conventional risk factors for CAD were recorded.Our dada showed that the overall presence of DELC is associated with CAD risk. Stratification analyses revealed that the diagnostic value of DELC was mostly significant in those with >4 risk factors. Also in patients with >4 risk factors, the presence of bilateral DELC remains to be associated with higher hs-CRP level, higher severity of CAD, and higher possibility of developing major adverse cardiac events after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Our study confirmed the relation of DELC with CAD in Chinese patients; more importantly, our data suggest the combination of DELC and CAD risk factors will help to predict the incidence of CAD and may predict the prognosis after successfully PCI.     

动脉重构和冠状动脉疾病

以前认为血管中形成的斑块逐渐使管腔狭窄 ,并最终引起冠心病的临床症状 ,但这观点不正确。事实上 ,在动脉粥样硬化早期阶段 ,虽然有斑块明显聚集 ,但因冠脉“重构”(coronaryarteryremodeling)作用 ,管腔直径并未减小 ;直到疾病后期才出现可被冠状动脉造影 (CAG)检查出的管腔狭窄[1] 。随着冠脉介入诊断和治疗的迅猛发展 ,尤其利用血管内超声(Intravascularultrasound ,IVUS)技术对冠状动脉粥样斑块发生的自然史有了更深入的理解 ,现已明确冠心病不是管腔而是管壁的疾病 ,粥样硬化早期的一个基本发病机制是冠脉重构 ,且粥样斑块的进展…     

抑郁症与冠心病

抑郁症与冠心病之间存在密切联系,并被认为是心血管系统尤其是缺血性心脏病的另一种重要危险因素.产生抑郁的主要原因多涉及认知扭曲、生活中缺少令人愉快的事、人际间关系等问题,它从多方面影响冠心病发生、发展.抗抑郁药物治疗、心理社会干预以及运动疗法是冠心病合并抑郁症的主要治疗方法.SADHART和ENRICHD试验是目前针对冠心病合并抑郁患者进行药物及非药物治疗的最客观、权威的研究.     

内皮功能障碍与冠脉疾病

近年来,内皮功能障碍与冠脉疾病之间的关系越来越受到重视。冠脉疾病的发生、发展与内皮功能障碍之间关系深入理解内皮功能障碍与冠脉疾病之间的关系,能够为我们认识和治疗冠心病提供新的思路。     

脉压与冠状动脉病变

目的了解24h平均脉压与冠心病之间的关系。方法24h动态血压监测以及选择性冠状动脉造影1166例,男780例,女386例。对比冠心病组以及非冠心病组的临床资料和24h平均脉压。结果冠心病组24h平均脉压（47±10）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,略高于非冠心病组（36±9）mmHg（P〉0．05）;脉压超过40mmHg561例,冠心病患者516例;脉压40mmHg或以下119例,冠心病患者44例（P〈0．05）。结论脉压超过40mmHg可能是冠心病的危险因素。     

Radiation-related Coronary Artery Disease in Hodgkin's Disease

Summary: Radiation-related coronary artery disease in Hodgkin's disease. A. S. Y. Leong, I. J. Forbes and T. Ruzic, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1979, 9, pp. 423–425.
Coronary artery disease is a rare and only recently recognised complication of mediastinal irradiation. A 34-year-old man died suddenly eight years after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Autopsy disclosed severe narrowing of all major extramural coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques whereas all other systemic and visceral arteries were virtually free of atheroma. Autopsy findings in the five reported cases of radiation-related coronary artery disease are reviewed.     

Coronary Artery Ectasia in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease,Inflammatory Disorders,and Sickle Cell Disease

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) or aneurysm is usually defined as dilation ≥1.5‐fold the normal vessel diameter. It has an incidence of 1.4–5.3% and is associated with a wide variety of etiologies—mainly congenital, atherosclerotic, and inflammatory ones. CAE is very common in sickle cell disease, and possibly sickle cell trait, with an incidence of 17.7%. It is likely related to the inflammatory process associated with hemoglobin S. Prognosis depends mainly on the underlying etiology. Atherosclerotic CAE does not carry additional risks compared to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ACAD) without ectasia. However, isolated CAE in the absence of ACAD carries an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) due to vasospasm, slower coronary blood flow, and thrombosis, typically within the dilated segments. Due to lack of studies and guidelines, management recommendations are based on personal experiences. Therapy should be tailored to each individual case after assessment of severity, history of complications, underlying etiology, and comorbidities. Treatment of underlying condition and avoidance of exacerbating factors are essential. Medical therapy in general may include antiplatelets, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors statins, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. In severe CAE or history of MI, the addition of anticoagulation therapy after assessing bleeding risk may be warranted. In acute MI, the large thrombus burden in the dilated segment makes the percutaneous approach very challenging. Aspiration attempts can result in distal thromboembolization. Survival is better in bypass grafting than with medical therapy. Nonetheless, bypass grafting does not improve survival in atherosclerotic CAE. Depending on the physical characteristics of aneurysm, different surgical approaches can be sought; however, the ideal one is unclear.     

Coronary Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Coronary Artery Disease

Background and objectives: A close linkage between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is considered to be the causal link connecting them. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between level of kidney function and the prevalence of CAC.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Autopsy subjects known to have coronary artery disease and a wide range of kidney function were studied. Patients without CKD were classified into five groups depending on estimated GFR (eGFR) and proteinuria: eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m² without proteinuria; CKD1/2: eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m² with proteinuria; CKD3: 60 ml/min/1.73 m² >eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m²; CKD4/5: eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m²; and CKD5D: on hemodialysis. Intimal and medial calcification of the coronary arteries was evaluated. Risk factors for CVD and uremia were identified as relevant to CAC using logistic regression analysis.Results: Intimal calcification of plaques was present in all groups, but was most frequent and severe in the CKD5D group and less so in the CKD4/5 and CKD3 groups. Risk factors included luminal stenosis, age, smoking, diabetes, calcium-phosphorus product, inflammation, and kidney function. Medial calcification was seen in a small number of CKD4/5 and CKD5D groups. Risk factors were use of calcium-containing phosphate binders, hemodialysis treatment, and duration.Conclusions: It was concluded that CAC was present in the intimal plaque of both nonrenal and renal patients. Renal function and traditional risks were linked to initimal calcification. Medial calcification occurred only in CKD patients.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (1,2) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3–7). The mechanisms underlying this increased cardiovascular risk are not clearly understood. In the general population, traditional risk factors for CVD have been well characterized (8), and these are also present in CKD (3–6,9). The mechanisms involved in the connection between CKD and CVD are probably numerous (3–6). Vascular calcification, such as coronary artery calcification (CAC) (10,11), is considered to be the causal link between them.Vascular calcification is common in physiologic and pathologic conditions such as aging, diabetes, dyslipidemia, genetic diseases, and diseases with disturbances of calcium metabolism (12–14). In CKD patients, vascular calcification is even more common, developing early and contributing to the markedly increased cardiovascular risk. Pathomorphologically, atherosclerosis (plaque-forming degenerative changes of the aorta and of large elastic arteries) and arteriosclerosis (concentric medial thickening and hyalinosis of muscular arteries) can be distinguished. Increased knowledge about the mechanisms of calcification together with improved imaging techniques have provided evidence that vascular calcification should be divided into two distinct entities according to the specific site of calcification within the vascular wall: plaque calcification, involving patchy calcification of the intima in the vicinity of lipid or cholesterol deposits, and calcification of the media in the absence of such lipid or cholesterol deposits, known as Mönckeberg-type atherosclerosis (12–14). These two types of calcification may vary in terms of the type of vessel affected, the location along the arterial tree (proximal versus distal), clinical presentation, and treatment and prognosis (12–14). In the general population and in patients with CKD, electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) has proven CAC as a potent predictor of cardiac events (15–18). Both the prevalence and intensity of CAC are increased in patients with CKD (19–27). Several studies have been undertaken to investigate whether calcification occurs in the intima or media of the coronaries and whether the morphologic details of calcified plaques differ between renal and nonrenal patients (12–14,24). Causal elements for either type of CAC have not been definitively determined (12–14).Autopsy studies are limited in terms of patient selection, but have a major advantage in terms of being able to distinguish intimal from medial calcification. Therefore, our primary goal is to determine whether, among autopsy subjects known to have CAD, there exists a direct relationship between level of kidney function and the prevalence of intimal or medial calcification.