Patterns of recurrence and outcome for patients with clinical stage II non-small-cell lung cancer

Forty-six patients with pathologic clinical stage II non-small-cell lung carcinoma underwent resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy from 1989 through 1994. These patients were analyzed to determine patterns of recurrence and survival. Surgery consisted of pneumonectomy for 11 patients, bilobectomy for two patients, lobectomy for 29 patients, and wedge or segmental resection for four patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered to 29 patients, and the median total dose was 54 Gy (range, 44-60 Gy). Median follow-up time was 23 months for all patients and 25 months for surviving patients. Twenty-six of 46 patients have had recurrence. The site of first recurrence was locoregional for 9 of 46 patients (20%) and distant for 17 of 46 patients (37%). The median time to locoregional recurrence was 18 months for patients treated with radiotherapy and 13 months for patients treated without radiotherapy. An isolated locoregional recurrence (with no simultaneous distant recurrence) was seen in 2 of 28 evaluable patients (7%) treated with radiotherapy compared with 3 of 17 patients (18%) not treated with radiotherapy. For all patients, the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 52%, and the overall survival rate was 52%. Among patients treated with radiotherapy, the 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 56% and 56%, respectively, compared with 46% and 43%, respectively, for patients who did not receive radiotherapy (p values were not significant). The locoregional recurrence rate was 33% for patients with adenocarcinoma and 15% for those with squamous cell carcinoma. The distant recurrence rates by histologic characteristic were 56% and 20%, respectively. For patients with clinical stage II non-small-cell lung cancer, postoperative radiotherapy appears to improve locoregional control. However, the preponderance of recurrences remains distant. Further study is warranted with special emphasis on control of systemic disease.     

Definitive radiotherapy in the management of isolated vaginal recurrences of endometrial cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to assess prognostic factors and overall survival after salvage radiotherapy for patients who had endometrial carcinoma and who experienced an isolated vaginal recurrence. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 50 patients treated at our institution between 1967 and 2003 for an isolated vaginal recurrence of endometrial carcinoma. Initial treatment for endometrial carcinoma was definitive surgery in 49 patients and definitive radiotherapy in 1 patient. The median time from initial diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma to recurrence was 25 months (range, 4-179 months). Three patients (6%) received external-beam radiotherapy alone, 8 patients (16%) received brachytherapy only, and 39 patients (78%) received combined external-beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Median dose of radiation to the recurrence was 60 Gy (range, 16-85 Gy). Overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Endpoints were measured from the date of diagnosis of the vaginal recurrence. Median follow-up of survivors after recurrence was 53 months (range, 8-159 months). RESULTS: The 5-year and 10-year disease-free and overall survivals were 68% and 55%, and 53% and 40%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.0242), Grade 1 or 2 vs. Grade 3 tumor (p = 0.002), and size of recurrence (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of overall survival. All patients who had Grade 3 disease were dead by 3.6 years from the time of recurrence. Five patients experienced a Grade 3 or 4 complication. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with radiotherapy for an isolated vaginal recurrence can be cured in over 50% the cases. Radiotherapy is well tolerated, with a low risk of complications. Factors predictive of overall survival include tumor grade, patient age at recurrence, and tumor size.     

Prospective phase II trial of concomitant boost radiotherapy for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy results in suboptimal outcome. This report aims to document the outcome of Stage II NPC patients treated with external beam radiotherapy delivered using an accelerated concomitant boost (C-Boost) schedule. Forty-seven 1997 AJCC Stage II NPC patients were enrolled and analyzed in this prospective phase II clinical trial. The primary tumor and clinically involved nodes received a total dose of 72Gy in 42 fractions. C-Boost for gross disease consisted of 18Gy in 12 fractions commencing on day 19, and delivered at least 6h after the first dose. Patients were assessed for response, survival and toxicity. With a median follow-up of 30 months, 4 patients developed local recurrence only, 2 had persistent neck nodal disease or recurrence, and 1 with both locoregional recurrences. Distant metastases were seen in 5 patients, with or without locoregional recurrence. A total of 5 patients succumbed from nasopharyngeal cancer: four from effects of distant metastases and 1 from progressive local disease. The 3-year local, regional, and overall survival rates were 87.1%, 92%, and 85.9%, respectively. All patients experienced some degree of acute and/or late toxicity. Moderate to severe late toxicities (grade 3 and 4) were observed in 17% of cases. This C-Boost radiotherapy regimen administers a higher biologically effective dose compared with conventional radiation schedules. The local control after C-Boost radiation seems high for patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus justifies further investigation to confirm its efficacy.     

多中心食管鳞癌根治性三维放疗的预后分析——3JECROG R-01

目的 分析应用三维适形放疗(3DCRT)、调强放疗(IMRT)或以3DCRT、IMRT为基础的同步放化疗治疗食管癌根治性放疗患者的生存情况及预后影响因素。方法 回顾分析2002-2016年我国10所医疗中心符合纳入标准的2762例不宜手术或拒绝手术而接受根治性放疗的食管癌患者的病历资料。分析全部患者1、2、3、5年的总生存、无进展生存及预后影响因素。结论 中位随访时间60.8个月。全部患者1、2、3、5年总生存率分别为71.4%、48.9%、39.3%、30.9%,无进展生存率分别为59.5%、41.5%、35.2%、30.0%。中位生存期为23.0个月,中位无进展生存期为17.2个月。多因素分析结果显示年龄、原发肿瘤部位、临床分期、肿瘤体积、放疗剂量及治疗模式是影响总生存的因素(P=0.000~0.023),原发肿瘤部位、临床分期、肿瘤体积及放疗剂量是影响无进展生存的因素(P=0.000~0.002)。结论 在应用3DCRT、IMRT新技术和化疗药物治疗的食管鳞癌患者的5年总生存率显著提高,对临床治疗有一定的参考价值。     

食管鳞癌全量放化疗后复发补救手术患者的生存期分析

目的　评价食管鳞癌全量放化疗后复发补救性食管切除手术的临床价值及安全性,并分析影响预后的因素。方法　收集５８例食管鳞癌根治性放化疗后复发补救性食管切除手术患者的临床资料,回顾性分析手术方式、术后并发症、术后ｐＴＮＭ分期等参数对预后的影响。结果　５８例患者均予右胸入路,经后纵隔食管床胃代食管重建消化道,行颈胸腹三切口颈部吻合术式４３例,胸腹二切口胸内吻合１５例。Ｒ０切除５０例,Ｒ１切除８例。术后并发症发生率和住院死亡率分别为２２.４％和３.４％。术后中位总生存期为５９.９个月,５年生存率为４９.３％。单因素及多因素分析显示,术后ｐＴ、ｐＮ分期为影响术后远期生存的危险因素。结论　食管鳞癌全量放化疗后复发予以补救性食管切除手术的风险较高,但可延长生存。术后ｐＴ分期、ｐＮ分期可以为术后的生存预测提供参考。     

Analysis of rare periparotid recurrence after parotid gland-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PurposePeriparotid recurrence is an uncommon phenomenon after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics, reasonable causes and feasible therapeutic modalities of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and periparotid recurrence.Patients and methodsThe medical records of 1852 patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with initial IMRT between January 2008 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed, and nine patients were finally found to have developed periparotid recurrence after IMRT. After periparotid failure, four received radiotherapy and chemotherapy, two had surgery, two had surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and one received radiotherapy alone.ResultThe incidence rate of periparotid recurrence was 4.9‰. According to pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, all patients had both ipsilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes metastasis with 66.7% of extracapsular spread and level II lymphadenopathy with all extracapsular spread. The median time interval to periparotid failure was 14.8 months, and six patients were found to have a relapse in the primary sites of unsuspicious parotid nodules. After a median follow-up of 46.4 months, five patients developed distant metastasis, three of them developed local failure. In addition, one developed regional failure, one developed locoregional recurrence, and only one was alive without evidence of disease at the last follow-up.ConclusionPeriparotid recurrences are rare after definitive IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, patients with ipsilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes or level II nodal extracapsular spread on pretreatment MRI could be suspicious of metastatic periparotid nodules. Distant metastases were the main treatment failure despite a combination of several salvage treatment of periparotid recurrence. More effective chemotherapy should be explored.     

Results of treatment intensification for progressive locoregional disease in head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy

PURPOSE: Patients who develop progressive locoregional disease during radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represent a management dilemma. We present our experience using treatment intensification for such patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A prospective record of eligible patients was kept between May 1998 and December 2001. The study included 15 patients, 11 men and 4 women (median age, 60 years); 67% had Stage III-IV disease. The sites of progression were primary in 3, nodes/scar in 10, and both primary and nodes in 2. Relative to the initial plan, treatment intensification was achieved by an increased radiation dose in 7 (using accelerated fractionation in 5), an increased radiation dose and the addition of concomitant chemotherapy in 7, and the addition of concomitant chemotherapy alone in 1 patient. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 40 months. Eight patients had a complete response to intensified treatment. At the closeout date, 6 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Eight patients had died with locoregional disease; two also had distant metastases. One patient was lost to follow-up after achieving a complete response. The median failure-free survival for all patients was 6 months, but for those with a complete response, it was 37 months. The median overall survival time was 28 months. The 2-year and 3-year overall survival rate was 50% and 42%, respectively. Acute mucosal and skin toxicity was increased relative to standard postoperative radiotherapy but was not dissimilar to that expected after radical definitive chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Intensification of treatment in patients who develop progressive locoregional disease is warranted, because it can lead to long-term disease control in a subset of patients with significant but acceptable toxicity.     

Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy and high-dose radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the upper-thoracic and midthoracic esophagus

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of an induction chemotherapy schedule followed by high-dose radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the upper and midthoracic esophagus. Patients were treated with three courses of fluorouracil, leucovorin, etoposide, and cisplatin-containing induction chemotherapy followed by high-dose external beam radiotherapy to 65 Gy in 6 weeks for T4 and obstructing T3 tumors. Transversable T3 tumors received 60 Gy in 6 weeks by external radiotherapy, followed by two high-dose-rate esophageal brachytherapy fractions of 4 Gy in 5-mm tissue depth. Concurrent to radiotherapy, cisplatin and etoposide were given. Long-term survival of 22 patients was 41% and 31% at 2 and 3 years, respectively, with a median follow-up of 39 months. The probability of locoregional tumor recurrence was 60% at 3 years for all patients and 30% for those with a partial or complete response to induction chemotherapy. Acute toxicity of this schedule was moderate. Long-term survivors had a good swallowing function. This schedule offers a considerable chance of long-term survival for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the upper and midthoracic esophagus. Local in-field recurrences are the main risk after definitive radiochemotherapy. Dose escalation of radiotherapy is possible because of the observed low late toxicity.     

Predictors and patterns of recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for anal cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate patterns of locoregional failure, and predictors of recurrence and survival in patients treated with chemoradiation for anal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between September 1992 and August 2004, 167 patients with nonmetastatic squamous cell anal carcinoma were treated with definitive chemoradiation. The median dose of radiotherapy was 5500 cGy. Concurrent chemotherapy was given with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in 117 patients, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in 24 patients, and other regimens in 26 patients. RESULTS: The estimated 3-year rates of locoregional control, distant control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 81%, 88%, 67%, and 84%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that higher T stage and N stage independently predicted for a higher rate of locoregional failure; higher N stage and basaloid subtype independently predicted for a higher rate of distant metastasis; and higher N stage and positive human immunodeficiency virus status independently predicted for a lower rate of overall survival. Among the patients who had locoregional failure, 18 (75%) had failure involving the anus or rectum, 5 (21%) had other pelvic recurrences, and 1 (4%) had inguinal recurrence. The 5 pelvic recurrences all occurred in patients with the superior border of the radiotherapy field at the bottom of the sacroiliac joint. CONCLUSIONS: Trials of more aggressive and innovative locoregional and systemic therapies are warranted in high-risk patients, based on their T and N stages. The majority of locoregional failures involve the anus and rectum, whereas inguinal recurrences occur rarely. Placing the superior border of the radiotherapy field at L5/S1 could potentially reduce pelvic recurrences.     

Merkel cell carcinoma: treatment and outcomes

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to determine the outcomes of patients with previously untreated Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin who were treated with curative intent. METHODS: Between October 1984 and January 2002, 34 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone (2 patients) or combined with surgery (32 patients). Nine patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients had follow-up for a median of 3.0 years (range, 0.3 to 18.5 yrs). Follow-up on living patients ranged from 2.2 to 18.5 years (median, 7.1 yrs). RESULTS: The 5-year outcomes were as follows: local control, 94%, locoregional control, 80%; freedom from distant metastases, 60%; cause-specific survival, 52%; and survival, 37%. No patient experienced a severe complication. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated aggressively with surgery and locoregional radiotherapy have about a 50% chance of cure. Limited data suggest that definitive radiotherapy alone or after incomplete macroscopic resection may control locoregional disease in a significant subset of patients. The dominant site of failure was distant.     

Patterns of Failure Following Dose-escalated Chemoradiotherapy for Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Staged Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus

Aims

To analyse outcomes and patterns of failure following dose-escalated definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for staging and treatment planning.

Primary Radiotherapy for Carcinoma of the Retromolar Trigone: A Useful Alternative to Surgery

AimsSquamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone is uncommon. The standard initial treatment is primary surgery, which usually involves microvascular reconstruction with a composite flap. Some patients are considered unsuitable for this procedure. This retrospective study examined the outcome and toxicity for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone treated with definitive radiotherapy in a single centre.Materials and methodsBetween 1991 and 2000, 43 patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy with a median dose of 50 Gy in 16 fractions over 21 days. Hospital case notes and radiotherapy records were analysed.ResultsThe median age was 66 years (range 39–84 years). Nodal disease was evident in 13 (30.2%) patients. Twenty-one patients (51.2%) had stage I/II disease and 20 patients (48.8%) had stage III/IV disease. After a median follow-up of 59 months, 13 (30.2%) patients were alive and well, nine (20.9%) patients had died of an intercurrent illness and 21 (48.8%) had died of their disease. Five-year locoregional control was 46.5% (95% confidence interval 29.7–61.7), cause-specific survival was 45.7% (95% confidence interval 29.1–60.8) and overall survival was 30.9% (95% confidence interval 17.5–46.3). Osteoradionecrosis was documented in two patients.DiscussionThis hypofractionated regimen is convenient for this patient population and produced comparable outcomes to longer fractionation schedules without an increase in late toxicity.     

Role of brachytherapy in treatment of epidermoid carcinomas of the vallecula after conservative supraglottic laryngectomy followed by irradiation

PURPOSE: To evaluate survival and functional results of the treatment of carcinomas of the vallecula using surgery, irradiation, and interstitial brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1990 and 1998, 36 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vallecula were treated with horizontal supraglottic functional laryngectomy, external beam radiotherapy (median dose 54 Gy), and additional interstitial brachytherapy (median dose 16 Gy). Results were compared with a previous series of 22 patients treated without brachytherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 44 months. The 5-year actuarial overall survival rate was 61.3%. The 5-year specific survival rate was 86%, with 2 local failures (local control rate 94.4%) and 4 isolated distant metastases. Ten patients developed a second primary. The overall survival was 34% for 22 patients previously treated without brachytherapy. Severe toxicities occurred in 9 patients: death (related to larynx edema or inhalation, n = 1), soft tissue necrosis (n = 1), aspiration pneumonia (n = 1), mandibular necrosis (n = 2), pharyngocutaneous fistula (n = 2), and laryngeal edema (n = 2). All the patients fed orally with no definitive gastrostomy or tracheotomy. CONCLUSION: Additional brachytherapy for vallecula carcinoma seems to improve locoregional control and overall survival dramatically. Functional results were also excellent. To our knowledge, this original therapeutic schedule has never been previously described.     

Salvage surgery after failure of very accelerated radiotherapy in advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of salvage surgery for local or cervical nodal recurrence after accelerated radiotherapy for locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the medical records of the 136 patients with HNSCC who had been treated in three consecutive clinical trials at the Institut Gustave-Roussy using a very accelerated radiotherapy regimen (62 to 64 Gy with 2 daily fractions of 1.8 to 2 Gy over 3.5 weeks). Sixty-nine patients of the 136 initial patients (51%) had local or neck lymph nodes relapse, or both. RESULTS: Sixteen of these 69 patients (23%) had undergone salvage surgery for recurrence locally (n = 8) or in the cervical nodes (n = 8). All 16 had initially been diagnosed with locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma (T4, 11 patients; T3, 5 patients), and 13 had initially had cervical node involvement. After salvage surgery, 6 patients had had a local recurrence; 7, cervical node recurrence; and 3, distant metastasis. Thus, salvage surgery had been successful only in 3 patients. The 3- and 5-year overall actuarial survival rates were 20% and 11%, respectively. Eight patients had major postoperative wound complications, including carotid rupture in three cases. CONCLUSION: Salvage surgery for relapse after very accelerated radiotherapy for advanced HNSCC is infrequently feasible and is of limited survival benefit. It should be used only in carefully selected cases.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx--an analysis of treatment results in 289 consecutive patients

In this retrospective study the results of primary and salvage treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma were evaluated. A total of 289 consecutive patients (103 females and 186 males) were included in the study. Most tumours originated in the tonsil area (58%) and comprised stages I 8%, II 19%, III 46% and IV 28%. The primary treatment was delivered with curative intent in 276 cases (96%). Of these, 266 received primary radiotherapy. The median radiation dose was 62 Gy, given as laterally opposed fields to the primary tumour and bilateral neck. Eight patients were treated with primary surgery and two with chemotherapy as part of a curatively intended treatment programme including radiotherapy. Six patients received palliative treatment, and seven were not treated at all. Out of 276 tumours treated with curative intent, 173 reappeared; 72% recurred in T position, 38% in N position, and 12% at distant metastatic sites, some in combination. Salvage surgery was possible in 52 patients, and 24 treatments were successful. Salvage radiotherapy or cryotherapy was used in 22 patients and 4 were controlled. For the entire group, the 5-year locoregional tumour control, disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were 38%, 44% and 31%, respectively. For patients treated with curative intent, clinical T- and N-stage, stage, tumour size, gender, age, and pretreatment haemoglobin were significant prognostic parameters in a univariate analysis. The Cox multivariate analysis showed that T-stage, N-stage and gender were independent prognostic factors. It is concluded that T-stage, N-stage and gender are significant independent prognostic factors. The primary control of the carcinoma in the T-position is crucial for overall success, but salvage surgery is found to have a favourable success rate in patients suitable for relapse treatment.     

Volumetric modulated arctherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Clinical efficacy and late toxicity

PurposeWe report our experience of 86 consecutive patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 86 patients with histologically proven primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with volumetric modulated arctherapy technique radiotherapy. Primary endpoints were local, regional, distant control, and overall survival, second endpoint was late toxicity.ResultsThe median age was 47.5 years (range: 13–79 years) with sex ratio 1.09. At diagnosis, rhinologic symptoms represented the most common clinical presentation, reported by 61 patients (70.9%). Almost 88.4% of patients presented non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma histology (n = 76). Most of the patients presented a locally advanced disease defined by stage III and IVa (95.3%). Therefore, 31 patients were treated by concurrent chemoradiation (36%), 52 patients received induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (57%), three patients received induction chemotherapy followed by exclusive radiotherapy (3.5%). and three patients treated with exclusive irradiation (3.5%). With a median follow up of 15.7 months (range: 4–33.3 months), nine patients died (10.4%), three presented local or locoregional relapse (3.4%), while nine patients presented distant recurrences (10.4%). The two years overall and disease-free survival rates were 88.7% and 83.1% respectively, locoregional control was 100% at 12 months and 96.2% at 24 months, and the two years distant failure-free survival was 86.7%. Time to relapse was the only prognostic factor in univariate analysis for overall survival in our study. The therapeutic tolerance was good with 61.7% of grade 3 and 2.3% grade 4 hyposialia respectively, 46.5% of otological disorders and no radionecrosis was noted.ConclusionVolumetric modulated arctherapy technique with concurrent chemoradiotherapy is an effective treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with excellent overall and locoregional control without severe toxicity. Distant metastasis is the major site of failure, so induction chemotherapy added to chemoradiotherapy must be discussed in multidisciplinary consultation meeting because it significantly improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival, as compared with chemoradiotherapy alone.     

Chimioradiothérapie de rattrapage à visée curative de rechutes pelviennes isolées de cancers du col utérin

PurposeEvaluation of the results of salvage radiation therapy with curative intent in the treatment of recurrent cervical carcinoma.Patients and methodsFourteen patients with a recurrence of a cervical cancer were treated in our department between 1982 and 2009. Five patients had a pelvic relapse, four a vaginal relapse and five a pelvic lymph node relapse. Four patients had first a surgical resection of the relapse, which was incomplete in two patients. All patients had pelvic radiotherapy with a median dose of 55 Gy in conventional fractionation. Concurrent chemotherapy was administered to 12 patients. A vaginal brachytherapy with a median dose of 20 Gy was performed in addition in 3 patients. The median follow-up was 39 months.ResultsSafety of radiation therapy was correct with 29% of grade 3 acute or intestinal toxicity. Tumor control was observed in 10 patients (71%). Four patients presented a locoregional tumor progression. At the time of analysis, three patients had died from their cancer. From the date of relapse, the rate of overall survival at 2 and 5 year was respectively 84% and 74%. Three patients (21%) had severe late effects.ConclusionIn our experience, chemoradiotherapy can achieve a high rate of remission in patients with isolated pelvic recurrence of cervical cancer. This treatment is feasible only if the patient had not received radiation therapy before or if the relapse is out of the previously irradiated volume.     

保留喉功能疗法在喉癌 T3期病例中的应用探讨

目的：探讨在喉癌 T3期病例中 3种保留喉功能的治疗方法的优劣。方法：将保留喉功能的治疗方法分为单纯根治性放疗、根治性放疗失败后挽救性手术切除、部分喉切除术 3种,分析采用此 3种方法治疗的 94例 T3期喉癌病例的总体生存率、原发灶和继发灶复发率、并发症发生率。结果：在声门上型喉癌中部分喉切除术组的生存率优于单纯根治性放疗组 (P=0.0248);在声门型喉癌中部分喉切除术组的生存率与根治性放疗失败后挽救性手术切除组相当,都高于单纯根治性放疗组 (P=0.0075);在根治性放疗失败后挽救性手术切除、部分喉切除术组中,并发症发生率分别为 60％、 16.7％,前组高于后组（ P<0.05）;放疗组（包括单纯根治性放疗组和根治性放疗失败后挽救性手术切除组）与部分喉切除术组的原发灶复发率分别为 45.8％、 19.4％,差异有显著性（ P< 0.05）。结论：在 T3期喉癌病例中,上述 3种保留喉功能的治疗方法以部分喉切除术效果最佳。     

The failure patterns of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma after intensity-modulated radiotherapy-the university of iowa experience

PURPOSE: Determine the failure patterns of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between May 2001 and July 2005, 55 patients with oral cavity SCC were treated with IMRT for curative intent. Forty-nine received postoperative IMRT, 5 definitive IMRT, and 1 neoadjuvant. Three target volumes were defined (clinical target CTV1, CTV2, and CTV3). The failure patterns were determined by coregistration or comparison of the treatment planning computed tomography to the images obtained at the time of recurrence. RESULTS: The median follow-up for all patients was 17.1 months (range, 0.27-59.3 months). The median follow-up for living patients was 23.9 months (range, 9.3-59.3 months). Nine patients had locoregional failures: 4 local failures only, 2 regional failures only, and 3 had both local and regional failures. Five patients failed distantly; of these, 3 also had locoregional failures. The 2-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, local recurrence-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant disease-free survival was 68%, 74%, 85%, 82%, and 89%, respectively. The median time from treatment completion to locoregional recurrence was 4.1 months (range, 3.0-12.1 months). Except for 1 patient who failed in contralateral lower neck outside the radiation field, all failed in areas that had received a high dose of radiation. The locoregional control is strongly correlated with extracapsular extension. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity-modulated RT is effective for oral cavity SCC. Most failures are in-field failures. Further clinical studies are necessary to improve the outcomes of patients with high-risk features, particularly for those with extracapsular extension.     

复发性喉癌患者的临床特点和影响预后因素的分析

喉癌复发是影响预后的重要因素,但对复发性喉癌患者的临床特点和影响预后因素的研究较少。本研究的目的是总结分析复发性喉癌患者的临床特点,探讨影响复发性喉癌患者预后的主要因素。