小儿巨大副脾包膜下延迟性破裂出血伴脓肿形成超声表现1例

患儿女,3岁.主因腹痛4 d,腹胀伴不排便、不排气3 d入院.查体:体温38.8℃.腹膨隆,可见胃肠型及蠕动波,左侧腹部压痛( ),可触及9 cm×5 cm×5 cm质中等的包块,压痛明显.临床诊断:左上腹肿物性质待查,不完全性肠梗阻.实验室检查:血常规:WBC 33.17×109/L,分类:中性83.34%,淋巴9.04%.RBC 3.83×1012/L,PLT 417.00×109/L.急诊彩超检查:肝、胆、胰、脾、肾均未见异常.     

超声诊断消化道异物致肝脓肿1例

患者,男,46岁,1个月前无明显诱因出现右上腹阵发性隐痛,无向他处放射痛,偶有畏寒、无发热,经治疗后仍觉右中上腹隐痛,遂来本院就诊。入院查体:右中上腹隐约触及质中包块,边界不清;血常规:白细胞总数12.5×109/L,中性细胞绝对值8.2×109/L,血红蛋白86.9g/L,血小板计数314×109/L,肝功十一项正常,乙肝两对半(-)。B超检查:肝左叶增大,前后径约4.8cm、上下径约12.3cm、右叶大小未见异常,斜径约12.8cm;包膜欠光整,肝左内叶下段见一个低回声包块,大小约6.5cm×3.4cm×1.8cm,边界尚清,形态不规则,内部有光点、光斑,透声欠清;其内另见一条大小约6.…     

枕骨骨母细胞瘤1例

患者女,19岁.4年前发现颅后枕部一大小约2 cm×2 cm包块,后长至约8 cm×10 cm.入院查体:肿块局部肤色及皮温正常,质地硬,与周围组织界限清,无局部压痛,无活动度及波动感,未闻及血管杂音.实验室检查:碱性磷酸酶109 U/L,血沉26 mm/h,血常规正常.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断膀胱滑疝1例

<正>患者男,54岁,发现右侧腹股沟区可复性包块1周。该包块于站立时明显,平卧后回纳并消失,憋尿时包块可增大。体格检查:右侧腹股沟区可见一包块,大小约2.0 cm×2.0 cm。实验室检查:WBC为5.25×109/L,血红蛋白141 g/L。超声检查于右侧腹股沟区探及一异常回声区,大小约2.6 cm×1.8 cm,边界清楚,边缘规则,其内以无回声区为主(图1),该无回声区与膀胱相延续,     

超声诊断腹腔脓肿1例

患者女,44岁.结婚10年,G0P0,因腹痛伴畏寒发热1周就诊.患者月经规则,量中等,无痛经史.查体:T36.1℃,下腹部可扪及12cm×10cm包块,形态规则,质中,界清,压痛,宫颈无明显举痛、摇摆痛,附件触诊不满意.实验室检查:尿HCG(-),支原体(+);血常规:白细胞12.87×109/L,中性粒细胞11.66×109/L,中性粒细胞百分比85.8%,血红蛋白61g/L;血CA 125:46.55U/ml.     

放疗加5-氟尿嘧啶局部注射治疗乳腺癌性溃疡1例

患者女性,78岁,因右乳腺包块逐渐增大10年,溃烂5个月入院。包块大小12cm×10cm×8cm,质地较硬,红肿疼痛,中央有10cm×8cm大小溃疡,表面脓苔附着伴恶臭,渗血渗液多;右乳腺包块穿刺活检涂片发现腺癌细胞。检查:白细胞(WBC)9.8×109/L,中性比例0.672,血红蛋白(Hb)93g/L,     

Ph染色体阳性慢性粒细胞白血病发生Ph染色体阴性急性淋巴细胞白血病变一例

患者,女,17岁.2000年10月因疲乏、反复鼻出血就诊,查体:肝肋缘下3 cm,脾肿大:AB线4 cm,AC线5 cm,DE线5.5 cm.血常规检查:WBC 179×109/L,Hb 102 g/L,BPC 917×109/L.骨髓检查结果为慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)慢性期.     

口腔、乳腺及宫颈原发性粒细胞肉瘤一例

患者女,46岁,2010年11月进食时感口腔疼痛,于当地医院诊断＂口腔溃疡＂,给予抗炎药物治疗,效果不佳.2010年12月小便后发现便池中有类似脓性黏稠分泌物,偶见淡血丝,未就诊.2011年1月18日于左侧乳房扪及核桃大小的包块,无疼痛.1月25日于延安大学附属医院行妇检：见宫颈呈菜花状增生,直径为7 cm,行宫颈活检示：考虑宫颈淋巴瘤,建议进一步检查.行乳腺X线检查示左乳包块考虑肿瘤性病变,不排除恶性可能.2011年1月31日患者于我院妇产科就诊,查血常规提示：RBC 3.28×1012/L、WBC 5.22×109/L、N 67.9％、L 24.5％、Hb 111 g/L、PLT 217×109/L.查体：右侧上颚可见一4 cm×3 cm大小的溃疡,边缘肿胀隆起,中心凹陷,左乳可触及多个包块,较大的直径约4 cm×5 cm,质略硬,活动差,右乳未见异常.     

以皮肤损害为首发症状的慢性粒-单核细胞白血病1例

患者男,76岁,因全身丘疹、结节,伴瘙痒1个月余,于2011年9月26日至我院皮肤科就诊.患者1个月余前,无明显诱因颈、躯干、四肢出现散在分布的红色丘疹、结节伴瘙痒,皮损渐渐增多.曾于外院诊断为"湿疹样皮炎",予抗过敏、外用糖皮质激素药膏(具体治疗不详),疗效欠佳.发病以来,患者无发热,饮食睡眠尚可,乏力,大小便未见明显的异常.既往患有2型糖尿病5年.家族中无皮肤肿瘤病史.体格检查:神志清,精神差,轻度贫血貌,右颈、双侧腹股沟可触及绿豆至黄豆大小淋巴结,活动度尚可,无粘连,无压痛.胸骨无压痛,心肺无异常,肝脾未触及.皮肤科情况:颈、胸、背、臀、四肢多浸润性暗红色丘疹、结节及少许淤点、淤斑,结节1 cm×1 cm～2 cm×2 cm,质韧似橡皮样,与表皮粘连,无压痛.实验室检查:血常规示:白细胞总数20.38×109/L,中性粒细胞13.80×109/L,淋巴细胞绝对值:4.12×109/L,单核细胞绝对值:1.83 × 109/L,红细胞3.13×1012/L,血红蛋白74 g/L,血小板64×109/L.     

新生儿先天性成骨不全1例

患儿男,1个月,弃婴,因咳嗽、发热来院诊治.查体:体温38.4℃,呼吸34次/分,心率120次/分,体质量3.80 kg,体格发育正常,精神反应差,巩膜轻度偏蓝,活动少,手腕部下垂,双肺闻及中量水泡音,脊柱、四肢无畸形,双侧腹股沟见2.0 cm×2.0 cm包块,推之可还纳腹腔,肿物内可闻及肠鸣音.实验室检查:白细胞17.30×109/L、中性粒细胞比例68.30%、淋巴细胞比例25.40%、红细胞3.25×1012/L、血红蛋白72.00 g/L、血小板452×109/L.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.