颈动脉粥样硬化及血流动力学变化与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化及血流动力学变化与脑梗死的相关性。方法选择62例脑梗死患者为观察组,同期62例门诊健康体检者作为对照组,分析颈动脉粥样硬化及血流动力学变化与脑梗死的相关性,评估颈动脉粥样硬化及血流动力学变化预测脑梗死疾病的价值。结果观察组患者颈动脉总干的内膜中层厚度(CCA-IMT)、颈动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度(BIMT)及脑梗死斑块检出率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组颈内动脉RI和颈总动脉的PI、RI明显高于对照组,颈内动脉ED、SR和颈总动脉PS、ED及SR均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组颈内动脉SR与颈内动脉IMT呈负相关,颈总动脉SR与颈总动脉IMT及颈总动脉分叉部IMT呈负相关。结论颈动脉粥样硬化IMT、硬化斑块及血流动力学改变与脑梗死发生密切相关,可作为预测脑梗死的重要指征。     

彩色多普勒超声对脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死的关系。方法将病例分为脑梗死组及非脑梗死组,使用彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层的厚度(intima-medium thickness,IMT)及粥样硬化斑块。结果70例脑梗死患者44例颈总动脉IMT增厚,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率85%;70例非脑梗死者10例颈总动脉IMT增厚,粥样硬化斑块检出率33%,2组有显著差异(P<0.001)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死密切相关。彩色多普勒超声是检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块最简捷的方法,能早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化,对临床预防脑梗死有重要意义。     

体外反搏治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块临床分析

1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择2010-05—2012-02在我院内科住院的颈动脉斑块患者200例,经彩色多普勒超声确诊。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的超声诊断标准:以颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)来确定。IMT值<1.0mm为正常,IMT 1.0～1.2mm内膜增厚,>1.2～1.4mm为斑块形成,IMT>1.4mm为颈动脉狭窄。低回声为软斑块即易损斑块,强回声为硬斑块。检测部位为双侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉共6个部位。入选标准:(1)彩色多普勒超声颈动脉有软斑块;(2)管腔狭窄     

前循环梗死/短暂性脑缺血发作患者血纤维蛋白原水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

摘要】 目的 分析前循环梗死/短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）患者颈动脉粥样硬化情况,明确血纤维蛋白原水平对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。 方法 对69例前循环梗死/短暂性脑缺血发作患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,记录颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的部位、大小、数目、回声、颈总动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）及血管内径,并测量首次血压、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）、纤维蛋白原测定及D-二聚体。 结果 颈动脉粥样硬化斑块位于颈总动脉分叉处最多（占52.29%）。IMT≥0.9&#8197;mm组血纤维蛋白原水平显著高于IMT<0.9&#8197;mm组（P<0.05）。中、高浓度纤维蛋白原组（≥3.0&#8197;g/L）易损斑块数量明显增多,且较低浓度组IMT明显增厚（P<0.01）,两组D-二聚体比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。颈动脉平均IMT与患者收缩压、舒张压以及纤维蛋白原水平密切相关（r=4.92、5.26、6.68,P均<0.05） 结论 作为卒中患者的重要危险因素之一,血纤维蛋白原水平与前循环梗死/短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死关系的临床研究

目的研究颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的关系。方法对116例经CT、MRI证实的脑梗死患者的颈动脉颅外段进行彩色超声多普勒检查，观察颈动脉壁的病变性质和颈动脉管腔的狭窄率，并与对照组进行比较。结果116例脑梗死患者中有85例（73．28％）颈动脉颅外段存在不同程度的粥样硬化斑，与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）；粥样硬化斑块好发于颈总动脉分叉处（BIF），其次为颈总动脉（CCA）；梗死灶同侧颈动脉粥样硬化较对侧严重。结论颈动脉粥样硬化是脑梗死的重要危险因素，防止颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成对预防脑梗死的发生有非常重要的意义。     

脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系

目的探讨脑梗死与不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性。方法对105例脑梗死患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测,观察其梗死侧和非梗死侧颈动脉内中膜厚度、斑块的部位、大小及其数目、动脉狭窄程度以及血流动力学改变等,并与34例对照组患者（无神经功能缺损体征的脑供血不足患者）的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出情况进行比较。所有患者均经头颅CT或MRI扫描确定有无责任病灶。结果脑梗死组患者的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率62.9%,高于对照组41.2%（P〈0.05）;脑梗死组患者2级以上斑块检出率41%,与对照组相比有非常显著的统计学差异20.6%（P〈0.01）。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块多发生在梗死病灶的同侧占72%,以颈总动脉分叉处居多占52%。非均质斑块,峰值流速、搏动指数与脑梗死有明显的相关性（P〈0.05）。结论脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块密切相关,彩色超声多普勒检查简便易行,安全可靠,可作脑梗死的预警检测。     

急性脑梗死患者纤维蛋白原水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的分析急性脑梗死患者的颈动脉硬化斑块的情况,了解血纤维蛋白原水平对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法对我院2008年5月至2010年2月收治的126例急性脑梗死患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,记录颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的部位、大小、数目及颈动脉内膜中层厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）。根据血纤维蛋白原水平将患者分为正常浓度组并对两组患者间颈动脉粥样硬化斑块特征进行分析比较分析。结果高浓度组患者双侧颈动脉斑块及IMT的发生率高于正常浓度组,两者差异显著。高浓度组患者的颈动脉IMT≥0．09mm的发生率高于正常浓度组,其差异亦具统计学显著性。结论作为卒中患者的重要危险因素之一,血纤维蛋白原水平与急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度及颈动脉IMT密切相关。     

彩色多普勒超声评价脑卒中患者颈动脉血流剪切力临床研究

目的应用彩色多普勒超声诊断脑卒中患者颈动脉血流剪切力,探讨脑卒中患者颈动脉血流剪切力的变化。方法选取2009-04-2012-06我院就诊的脑卒中患者为研究对象,应用彩色多普勒超声测量颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块部位的血管总面积(TVA)及管腔面积(LA),计算重构指数(RI)及斑块总积分、平均流速和血流量及血流动力学改变。据Poiseuille定律的导出公式τp=4μV/ID计算最大血流剪切力(τp)及平均血流剪切力(τm)。结果彩色多普勒超声测量结果比较,脑卒中患者颈动脉各测量指标高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者两侧颈动脉各指标比较,患侧的各测量指标高于正常侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者重构发生率高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者两侧颈动脉重构发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者重构类型高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中患者重构类型比较,两侧颈动脉的重构类型差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑卒中IMT与颈动脉血流剪切力呈正相关(r=0.753,P=0.0430.05)。结论脑卒中患者颈动脉血流剪切力与颈动脉结构重构呈正相关。     

血清尿酸、超敏C-反应蛋白与腔隙性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关分析

研究背景中青年脑梗死患者呈逐年增加趋势,病因尚不明确。通过对中青年腔隙性脑梗死患者血清尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的测定,探讨血清尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性。方法采用经颅多普勒超声分别测量186例诊断明确的腔隙性脑梗死患者舒张末期颈总动脉远端、颈总动脉分叉处和颈内动脉近端内中膜厚度;以1.00mm≤IMT<1.20mm为颈动脉内中膜增厚,存在突入血管腔回声结构或突入血管腔血流异常缺损或局部IMT≥1.20mm为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成;并分析血清尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度间的相关性。结果腔隙性脑梗死组患者血清尿酸、超敏C反应蛋白水平及内中膜厚度均高于正常对照组(P=0.000),颈动脉内中膜增厚组、粥样硬化斑块形成组与颈动脉内膜正常组之间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);血清尿酸和超敏C反应蛋白水平与内中膜厚度呈线性正相关关系(r=0.923,P=0.000;r=0.955,P=0.008)。结论血清尿酸和超敏C反应蛋白参与了粥样硬化斑块的形成,并在不伴高血压等危险因素的腔隙性脑梗死首次发病机制中起重要作用。     

辛伐他汀对高血压并颈动脉粥样硬化血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究合并颈动脉粥样硬化的原发性高血压患者血管内皮舒张功能与颈动脉硬化,hsCRP的关系以及辛伐他汀对其的影响。方法选取40例合并颈动脉粥样硬化的高血压患者（研究组）和40例无颈动脉斑块的高血压患者（对照组）,于给药前和给药3个月后采用彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、粥样硬化斑块积分、血管内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）、非内皮依赖性舒张功能（NMD）、测定血超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、血脂水平和空腹血糖（FBG）等,研究组予以辛伐他汀20mg／晚口服。结果2组比较,研究组FMD低于对照组,而IMT,hsCRP值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;研究组辛伐他汀治疗后FMD显著改善,IMT、粥样硬化斑块积分、hsCRP减低（P〈0．05）;FMD与IMT,hsCRP、TG呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论合并颈动脉粥样硬化的原发性高血压患者存在内皮功能障碍,辛伐他汀可显著改善血管内皮功能,稳定动脉斑块。     

Clinical determinants of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Background and purposeEarly atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries can be detected using ultrasound examination. The aim of this study was to assess correlations between intima-media thickness (IMT) and gender, age and clinical features of diabetes mellitus (DM).Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 73 patients with type 2 DM (mean age: 63.6 ± 7.5 years), and 74 controls without DM (mean age 62.2 ± 7.5 years). Analysed clinical features of diabetes included disease duration, anti-diabetic treatment, glycaemic control (HbA_1c level), presence of metabolic syndrome, and complications of macroand microangiopathy. IMT was measured using ultrasonography in the carotid arteries (common – CCA, bifurcation, internal – ICA) bilaterally.ResultsMean and maximum IMT in the CCA was greater in diabetic patients than in controls. Age and male sex, but not vascular risk factors, were independent predictors of increased IMT in all segments. Macroangiopathy correlated with IMT within both CCA in univariate analysis. After adjusting for age and gender, this relationship remained significant in the right CCA in middle-aged patients (59–67 years; p = 0.01 for mean IMT, p = 0.02 for maximum IMT). In patients without metabolic syndrome, IMT in the right CCA bifurcation correlated with HbA_1c level (p = 0.05). Patients treated simultaneously with insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs had smaller IMT in the right ICA than those treated with insulin only (0.471 ± 0.105 vs. 0.678 ± 0.209 mm; p = 0.04).ConclusionsIn diabetic patients, ultrasound IMT measurement can be used to assess the cardiovascular risk and to determine indications for intensified anti-diabetic treatment. IMT is a sensitive marker of early carotid atherosclerosis, particularly on the right side.     

Effects of cilostazol against the progression of carotid IMT in symptomatic ischemic stroke patients

Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a surrogate marker for evaluating atherosclerotic vascular diseases. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostazol attenuates the increase in carotid IMT in diabetes patients. We studied whether cilostazol can reduce the progression of carotid IMT in symptomatic ischemic stroke patients. From our prospective registry of acute ischemic stroke patients who were admitted during a 4.5-year period, follow-up carotid ultrasound was performed in a random sample of survivors. Patients were divided into two groups: the cilostazol group, who continued cilostazol treatment during the follow-up period; and the control group, who were prescribed antiplatelets other than cilostazol. Analysis of covariance and propensity score-matched analysis were used to evaluate the difference between groups. Among a total of 1,049 cases in our registry, 208 patients were utilized to construct two comparable sets by propensity score analysis, including 101 who received cilostazol and 107 who took antiplatelet medication without cilostazol. Both maximum and mean carotid IMT values were significantly reduced in the cilostazol group but increased in the control group (maximum left –0.048 ± 0.186 vs. 0.022 ± 0.163 mm, p = 0.001; maximum right –0.037 ± 0.173 vs. 0.050 ± 0.200 mm, p = 0.001; mean left –0.052 ± 0.102 vs. 0.023 ± 0.112 mm, p < 0.001; and mean right –0.038 ± 0.106 vs. 0.042 ± 0.139 mm, p < 0.001). After matching by propensity score, the improvements in both maximum and mean carotid IMT values in the cilostazol group remained significant. This study shows that cilostazol causes a significant regression in carotid IMT in symptomatic stroke patients.     

Carotid intima-media thickness in Parkinson's disease.

There have been a few studies and inconsistent results regarding the coincidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atherosclerotic diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a known marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the carotid IMT between PD patients and controls. We studied 43 patients with PD and 86 matched controls. The carotid IMT in PD patients was significantly smaller than in controls (0.796 +/- 0.179 mm vs. 0.913 +/- 0.237 mm, P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the carotid IMT was inversely associated with the duration of levodopa medication and the severity of PD. These results suggest that PD patients have a lower risk of atherosclerosis.     

Intima-media Thickness of Carotid Arteries in Borderline Hypertensives

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease on the process of subclinical atherosclerosis in originally borderline hypertensives. The relation of far wall common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT CCA) measured by B-mode ultrasound to smoking, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism was analyzed. In 48 subjects examined (mean age, 61.9 ± 2.54 years), median IMT CCA was 0.708 mm. Statistically significant differences in BMI (26.5 vs. 29.2 kg/m², p<0.025) and HDL-cholesterol level (1.42 vs. 1.1 mmol/l, p<0.025) between the first and third tertile of IMT CCA were found. No differences were observed between “controls” and “cases” in blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerols. No significant differences in IMT CCA were found between smokers and nonsmokers and among different alleles of the ACE gene. These data reflect the importance of HDL-cholesterol and BMI on the process of atherosclerosis within an otherwise homogeneous group of patients.     

The association between anger-related personality trait and cardiac autonomic response abnormalities in elderly subjects

Cardiac autonomic response abnormality associated with trait anger has been recognized to elevate blood pressure in daily life, leading to atherosclerotic progression and cardiovascular disease. To clarify the relationship between anger-related personality traits and cardiac autonomic response in healthy elderly subjects, 54 volunteers consisting of 30 male (mean age 62.2 ± 5.4) and 24 female (mean age 58.4 ± 4.6) subjects underwent testing of heart rate variability (HRV) with head-up tilt. For the evaluation of trait anger, we used a questionnaire corresponding to the trait anger score taken from the State and Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Furthermore, we measured carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) to evaluate atherosclerotic progression in subjects with anger trait. In female subjects, higher trait anger was positively associated with elevated carotid IMT and the suppression of HRV vagal attenuation from the supine to head-up position, and negatively associated with the HRV sympathetic activity in the head-up position and also with the HRV sympathetic response from the supine to head-up position. In male subjects, trait anger was not significantly associated with carotid IMT or any HRV component with or without head-up tilt testing. We conclude that a simple noninvasive measure, short-term HRV with head-up tilt testing, could be a useful method to investigate the association between cardiac autonomic imbalance and increased risk of atherosclerosis associated with trait anger in healthy elderly subjects.     

前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈动脉斑块及其稳定性与血流壁切应力的关系

目的通过探讨前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈总动脉分叉处血流壁切应力的水平分析其在颈动脉斑块形成过程中的影响。方法本研究选择前循环缺血性卒中老年患者,应用经皮血管彩超测量颈动脉斑块及其稳定性以及对研究对象测量患侧颈动脉血流速度、血管内径和血液粘滞度,通过公式计算血流壁切应力。结果无斑块组和有斑块组之间、高回声和低回声斑块组之间血流壁切应力均有显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论血流壁低切应力促进颈动脉斑块、尤其是不稳定斑块的形成。     

血小板平均体积和纤维蛋白原水平变化与脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化的相关性

目的 探讨脑梗死患者血小板平均体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)、血纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fg)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测90例脑梗死患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块形成情况,同期检测患者MPV、Fg水平.结果 90例患者中有67例患者存在颈动脉硬化病变,23例正常.其中Ⅰ型25例;Ⅱ型31例;Ⅲ型5例;Ⅳ型5例;Ⅴ型1例.颈动脉硬化组患者的平均MPV、Fg水平显著高于无颈动脉硬化组(均P<0.05).结论 脑梗死患者MPV、Fg水平和颈动脉粥样硬化程度之间有密切的相关性.     

Increased levels of platelet activation markers are positively associated with carotid wall thickness and other atherosclerotic risk factors in obese patients

The role of platelets in the development of atherosclerosis and obesity-related prothrombotic state is still under investigation. In this cross-sectional cohort study, we measured the levels of different platelet activation markers and evaluated their relationship with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) along with other atherosclerotic risk factors in obese patients with or without atherosclerotic co-morbidities. We enrolled 154 obese patients, including 98 with either hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidaemia, 56 without these co-morbidities and 62 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Platelet P-selectin expression and the number of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) were measured by flow cytometry; soluble P-selectin levels were analysed by ELISA and Thr715Pro P-selectin polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP. Carotid IMT was examined by ultrasonography. The levels of platelet activation parameters were significantly elevated in all obese subjects with increased carotid IMT compared to healthy controls. There was no effect of Thr715Pro genotype on soluble P-selectin levels in obese individuals contrary to normal subjects. Significant and positive association was revealed between carotid IMT and platelet P-selectin (p<0.0001), soluble P-selectin (p=0.039) and PMP (p=0.0001) levels. After adjusting for multiple variables, independent association was found between soluble P-selectin and fibrinogen (p=0.007), PMP levels and body mass index (p<0.0001) as well as platelet P-selectin and carotid IMT (p=0.012) plus plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (p=0.009). In conclusion, P-selectin and PMP levels showed positive associations with abnormal carotid IMT and other risk factors in obesity suggesting a critical role of enhanced platelet reactivity in atherosclerotic wall alteration.     

Arterial intima-media thickness and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis: a possible contribution of medium-sized arteries

The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the arterial wall, measured by B-mode ultrasonography, has been related to cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis in many studies, most of which have considered carotid and common femoral arteries. No study has related the IMT of medium-sized arteries (e.g. brachial) to the atherosclerotic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether more peripheral arteries (e.g. brachial, superficial femoral and popliteal) represent a good model in studies of arterial wall IMT, as well as carotid artery. Twenty-six male patients with demonstrated coronary artery disease (median age 63 yrs; range 41-70) and twenty-four male controls (median age 62 yrs; range 53-74) were studied. The far-wall IMT of the common carotid, brachial, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Its relationship with ischemic cardiovascular disease and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in all the arteries was also evaluated. Mean IMT values were higher in patients than controls, more so in superficial femoral artery (IMT difference 0.08 mm [95% confidence interval 0.02 - 0.14]) and popliteal artery (0.08 [0.01-0.15]) than in common carotid artery (0.02 [-0.07-0.11]) or brachial artery (0.01[-0.01-0.03]). The difference did not change after adjustment for age. The prevalence of plaques was consistently higher in patients than controls, except for brachial artery, in which no plaque was found either in patients and controls. In all the arteries except brachial we found an association between increase in IMT and number of plaques. Age was strongly related to the presence of plaques in the carotid artery, and less markedly in superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. The brachial artery does not seem a good model to study atherosclerosis by ultrasound measurements of arterial IMT, whereas superficial femoral and popliteal arteries might be chosen for these studies besides carotid artery.     

干扰素诱导单核因子和干扰素诱导蛋白10水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的相关性

目的探讨干扰素诱导单核因子(MIG)和干扰素诱导的蛋白10(IP-10)水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法对研究纳入的164例患者进行临床基线特征测定和随访观察,并记录患者IMT值以及MIG和IP-10血清水平;分析MIG和IP-10血清水平与IMT之间的关系。结果 IMT最大值0. 991±0. 127 mm,平均值0. 796±0. 136 mm。血清MIG和IP-10水平与颈动脉IMT呈显著正相关;血清MIG或IP-10水平与随访期间IMT的变化无显著相关性。当调整混杂因素和药物因素后,血清MIG独立与颈动脉IMT相关(max-IMT:β=0. 198,P=0. 010; mean-IMT:β=0. 186,P=0. 017)。结论血清MIG水平与颈动脉IMT具有独立相关性,这可能预示着血清MIG水平检测在早期动脉粥样硬化诊断方面的潜在临床意义。