Complete resolution of radiculopathy due to cervical vertebral artery dissection after intravascular treatment: a case report

The authors report the case of a rare manifestation by vertebral artery dissection. A 15-year-old boy who presented with left shoulder weakness and numbness of the left arm was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination on admission revealed muscle weakness of the left deltoid muscle and sensory disturbance of the left C5 area. MRI/MRA and 3D-CT angiography demonstrated an aneurysm-like dilatation of the left vertebral artery mainly at the C4/5 level. Partial thrombosis was noted in the dilated artery. The left vertebral angiogram showed that the second and third portions of the left vertebral artery had a dilated pseudo-lumen due to arterial dissection. The pseudo-lumen of the dissected vertebral artery was largest in diameter at the C4/5 level. The patient successfully underwent proximal occlusion of the dissected vertebral artery using detachable balloon and Guglielmi detachable coils. Proximal vertebral artery occlusion using an intravascular technique was regarded as a non-invasive and effective option for patients with a cervical radiculopathy due to cervical vertebral artery dissection.     

骨质疏松性椎体骨折后凸成形术后并发症1例报道

骨质疏松性椎体骨折的手术治疗主要有两大类：第一类,微创手术,如经皮椎体成形术（percutaneousvertebroplasty,PVP）与后凸成形术（kyphoplasty,KP）;第二类,开放性手术,如后路减压、椎弓根内固定手术。两者各有其相应的适应证及并发症。2010年4月,     

Pathological humerus fracture due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies: A case report

BACKGROUNDVarious etiologies contribute to pathological fractures, including bone infections. Recently, non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium-related bone infections among patients with anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody-induced adult-onset immunodeficiency has raised concerns in Southeast Asia, with the common presentations including osteomyelitis. However, it also rarely manifests as traumatic fractures, as reported in this case.CASE SUMMARYA diabetic female fractured her humerus after a traumatic accident and received fixation surgery. Abnormal necrotic bone tissue and abscess formation were noted, and she was diagnosed with a pathological fracture due to non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium infection. Multiple bone involvement was also revealed in a bone scan. Anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies were then checked due to an unexplained immunocompromised status and found to be positive. Her humerus fracture and multiple bone infections healed after steroid and anti-non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium medication treatment following fixation surgery.CONCLUSIONComprehensive preoperative evaluations may help identify pathological fractures and guide the treatment course.     

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to hydrocephalus: a case report

We report a case of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to hydrocephalus associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. The bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in this case was probably caused by brain stem displacement due to hydrocephalus. This patient was considered to have "arrested" hydrocephalus on the basis of the clinical and computed tomographic findings and the results of the continuous intraventricular pressure monitoring. However, the bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia gradually improved after ventriculoperitoneal shunting.     

Bilateral shoulder septic arthritis due to suspected bacterial endocarditis: A case report

IntroductionSeptic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. It is typically caused by occult bacteremia which allows bacteria to seed the joint or local invasion of a soft tissue infection. Most cases of septic arthritis are caused by gram-positive bacteria, with the most common culprit being Staphylococcus Aureus. The reason septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency is because of rapid destruction to cartilage. The mechanism of injury to cartilage is two-fold: bacterial enzymes are directly toxic to joint cartilage, and buildup of exudate can tamponade blood flow and cause anoxic injury. Typically, the knee is the most commonly involved joint. This is followed by the hip, ankle, elbow, wrist, and shoulder in descending order of occurrence. Polyarticular disease makes up a small percentage of these cases and if present, it is usually asymmetric and will involve at least one knee joint.Presentation of caseBilateral joint septic arthritis is relatively rare. We present an uncommon case of atraumatic bilateral septic shoulders in an elderly man with a history of heart disease and insidious bilateral shoulder pain after golfing 18 holes. This presentation is unique not only in its rarity but also in its impact on our understanding of septic arthritis in the setting of medical comorbidities and a relatively unimpressive presentation. With a recent golfing day just prior to presentation, differential diagnoses other than septic arthritis included deltoid/rotator cuff muscle strain, acute on chronic rotator cuff tendinosis, acute on chronic rotator cuff tearing, acute flare up of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or crystalline arthropathy. With elevated inflammatory markers and an equivocal physical examination, our patient underwent advanced imaging via MRI and subsequent bilateral glenohumeral joint diagnostic aspirations that were consistent with septic arthritis due to his complaining of contralateral shoulder pain shortly after his admission. Immediately after said diagnosis was made, the patient was taken back for emergent bilateral open irrigation and debridement, as septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency, and went on to recover appropriately on culture-directed intravenous antibiotic therapy.Discussion/conclusionThis case report is impactful with regard to clinical practice for multiple reasons. First and foremost it is a cautionary tale for all clinicians with regard to the level of suspicion one must have for polyarticular septic arthritis in the setting of the multiply painful patient. Second, it demonstrates the utility of advanced imaging in the equivocal patient. Lastly, it underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment, validating the existing algorithm for septic arthritis.     

后路截骨矫形手术治疗老年骨质疏松性陈旧胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形

【摘要】 目的：评价采用后路截骨矫形手术治疗老年骨质疏松性陈旧胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形患者的临床效果。方法：2005年6月～2011年2月采用后路经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形术或经关节突“V”型截骨矫形术的方法治疗22例老年骨质疏松性陈旧胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形的患者,男7例,女15例,平均年龄66.5岁。共30个椎体骨折,两个椎体骨折8例,单个椎体骨折14例。患者均有不同程度的腰痛,VAS评分6～9分,平均8.3分,脊髓功能Frankel分级C级1例,D级6例,E级15例。胸腰椎后凸Cobb角为38°～54°,平均47.4°。采用X线片观察Cobb角改善情况,应用VAS评分评价患者疼痛情况,应用Frankel分级评价患者脊髓功能情况。结果：9例患者接受经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形术治疗,13例患者接受经关节突“V”型截骨矫形术治疗。手术时间190～260min,平均221min;术中出血量650～1400ml,平均876ml。术后5d时Cobb角3°～14°,平均9.1°,较术前明显改善（P<0.05）,改善率79.5%,术后VAS评分1～5分,平均4.2分,较术前明显改善（P<0.05）,脊髓功能Frankel分级2例由E级变为D级,经营养神经治疗后恢复为E级,其余未有加重情况。术后随访3～62个月,平均20.2个月。末次随访时Cobb角5°～22°,平均12.5°,VAS评分0～6分,平均4.1分,脊髓功能Frankel分级1例C级患者改善为D级,2例D级患者改善为E级,无加重病例。影像学显示植骨融合,未见内固定断裂、松动现象。1例患者术后8个月出现固定节段上位椎体骨折,1例患者术后5个月出现固定节段上位第二个椎体骨折,均予对症、抗骨质疏松治疗后胸背痛症状缓解。结论：采用后路截骨矫形手术治疗老年骨质疏松性陈旧胸腰椎骨折伴后凸畸形可以取得良好的临床效果。     

Role of major revision spine surgery in recurrent adjacent segment osteoporotic vertebral body fracture: a case report

Study design

Case report.

Clinical question

To report the beneficial effects of kyphoplasty, cement augmentation and extension of posterior instrumentation in a patient with recurrent adjacent segment osteoporotic vertebral body fracture.

Methods

A 72-year-old lady underwent multiple revision spine surgeries for recurrent adjacent segment osteoporotic vertebral body fracture.

Results

The patient underwent four surgeries in 6?years: (1) in 2005, posterior lumbar interbody fusion with stabilization (L4–S1) was done; (2) in August 2010, implants from L4–S1 were removed and revised, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion was done at L2/L3 and L3/L4 along with pedicle screw stabilization from T12–S1; (3) in September 2011, revision surgery was attempted, wherein a kyphoplasty was done at T12 and the stabilization was extended to T4; (4) again in October 2011, a revision surgery was attempted, wherein a kyphoplasty was done at T5 along with stabilization using pedicular screws in the T2 and T3 vertebrae and lateral mass screws in the C6 vertebra. To current date, the patient is stable with good sagittal and coronal balance and walking pain free without support.

Conclusion

The current case demonstrates the need for posterior spinal reconstruction in osteoporotic vertebral collapse. Cement augmentation and extension of posterior instrumentation are both viable techniques that could be used to improve stabilization in the elderly spine.     

Motor evoked potential study suggesting L5 radiculopathy caused by l1-2 disc herniation: case report

A 38-year-old male was referred because of pain in the left 5th lumbar (L5) root territory. Physical examination found moderate motor weakness in the left extensor hallucis longus (EHL) and the left tibialis anterior muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging found no stenotic lesion between L4-L5, but disc herniation was observed on the left between L1-L2. An L5 nerve root block provided temporary relief of the pain but the left foot weakness was exacerbated. Therefore, surgery was performed. Partial laminectomy and left herniotomy were performed at L1-L2, L2-L3, and L3-L4 with motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. The MEP amplitude of the left EHL muscle increased immediately after L1-L2 herniotomy. The MEP amplitude of the right EHL muscle also increased after both laminectomy and herniotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. The left leg pain and motor weakness disappeared. The patient has been doing fine without recurrence for 12 months. Since the MEP of both left and right EHL muscles improved after the L1-2 herniotomy, circulatory insufficiency might have caused the L5 symptoms. Monitoring of the MEP during the surgery was useful for confirming the responsible lesion and also for predicting the postoperative course.     

经椎弓根部位椎体楔形截骨治疗骨质疏松性脊柱陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形

目的:探讨后路经椎弓根部位截骨矫形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形临床效果。方法:2009年7 月至2014 年2 月采用后路经椎弓根截骨矫形治疗26例骨质疏松性陈旧性脊柱骨折伴后凸畸形的患者,其中男10例,女16 例,年龄55～75岁,平均67岁;胸椎1例,胸腰椎21例,腰椎4例;共29个椎体骨折,单椎体骨折23例,双椎体骨折3例;术前后凸Cobb 角为32°～51°,平均(42.00±4.75)°;VAS 评分6～9 分,平均(8.40±0.75)分,脊髓功能按Frankel 分级:D 级4例,E 级22 例。记录术中出血量、手术时间及围手术期并发症,采用X 线片观察Cobb 角改善情况,应用VAS 评分评价疼痛缓解情况,应用Frankel 分级评价神经功能恢复情况。结果:26例患者手术时间120～175 min,平均155 min;术中出血量800～1 500 ml,平均1 100 ml.术后第2天时Cobb 角5°～15°,平均(9.60±2.50)°,较术前明显改善(P <0.05),改善率76%;VAS 评分1～5 分,平均4.00±1.00,较术前明显改善(P <0.05);脊髓功能Frankel 分级1例由E 级变为C级,其余未有加重情况。术后随访3～24个月,平均16.4个月。末次随访时Cobb 角5°～19°,平均(11.00±3.50)°,VAS 评分1～6 分,平均(4.40±1.25)分,术后脊髓功能Frankel 分级由E 级变为C级1例,恢复至D级,余无加重病例。1 例患者术后3个月出现固定节段下位椎体骨折,1 例患者术后5个月出现固定节段上位相邻节段椎体骨折,均予对症、抗骨质疏松治疗后胸背痛症状缓解;影像学可见植骨融合,未见内固定松动及断裂。结论:经椎弓根截骨矫形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱陈旧性骨折伴后凸畸形,可以取得良好的临床效果,但需重视术中操作及术后相邻节段椎体骨折的预防。     

Bilateral osteoporotic bone marrow defects of the mandible: a case report

ABSTRACT: Osteoporotic bone marrow defect of the jaws has been reported as a poorly demarcated radiolucency that affect mainly posterior mandible of middle-aged woman. The incidence of this condition is not exactly established and its pathogenesis remains unknown. An additional unusual case of osteoporotic bone marrow defects occurring bilaterally in the mandibular edentulous regions of a 32-year-old white woman is presented reinforcing its diagnostic criteria and histopathological findings.     

Multisegmental open sacral fracture due to impalement: a case report

We report on an unusual impalement injury to the sacrum in a 15-year-old adolescent patient. This open pelvic fracture resulted in a shattered sacrum with neurologic impairment including clinically absent anal sphincter tone and perineal sensation. Early debridement, wound revision, neural decompression, fracture reduction, and stable fixation using lumbopelvic fixation according to the principles of triangular osteosynthesis resulted in a favorable outcome with primary wound healing, return of bowel and bladder control, as well as immediate patient mobilization.     

Bilateral posterior fracture dislocation of shoulder: a case report

Posterior fracture dislocation of shoulder is an uncommon injury and often missed initially. Fracture dislocation of shoulder is difficult to assess with plain radiographs, hence a CT scan should be sought early. A detailed pre-operative planning should be made before operating these patients, as this injury does not tend to do well, especially after hemiarthroplasty. We present a case of bilateral posterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder treated by bilateral hemiarthroplasty with excellent results.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Bilateral isolated tarsal navicular fracture dislocation: a case report

Fracture-dislocation of the tarsal navicular is rare injury because of strong ligamentous support on both its plantar and dorsal sides. The authors report a case of a twenty-five-year-old man who sustained bilateral isolated tarsal navicular fracture-dislocations, treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with external fixation. The patient reported no difficulty in activities of daily living, but T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a low-intensity area in right tarsal navicular, raising suspicion of osteonecrosis when he was last seen two year three months after operation.     

Bilateral cobalt alloy femoral component fracture: a case report

Even though at present femoral component fracture is a rare complication of total hip replacement, conditions still exist that predispose the prosthesis to failure. Component failure should be considered when a patient presents with pain in a previously asymptomatic hip, particularly in complex dysplastic hips requiring small stems, trochanteric osteotomy, and compromised cement technique.