瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全麻诱导对气管插管心血管反应的影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全麻诱导对气管插管心血管反应的影响。方法60例ASAI-Ⅱ择期全麻的患者,随机分为瑞芬太尼组（RF组）和芬太尼组（F组）,每组30例。麻醉诱导采用静注咪达唑仑0．1mg／kg,丙泊酚2mg／kg,维库溴胺0．1mg／kg,RF组予瑞芬太尼2ug／kg,F组予芬太尼2ug/kg,3min后气管插管。观察两组患者诱导前、诱导后、气管插管后即刻、1min、3min和5min的血压和心率变化。结果RF组血压和心率在诱导后和插管后均比诱导前降低（P〈0．05）,而插管后与诱导后比无变化（P〉0．05）;F组诱导后与诱导前比血压和心率无明显变化（P〉0．05）,但插管后即刻、1rain和3min比诱导前升高（P〈0．05）。RF组诱导后和插管后血压和心率的降低比F组更显著（P〈0．05）。结论瑞芬太尼2ug／kg复合丙泊酚能有效地抑制全麻诱导气管插管引起的心血管反应。     

瑞芬太尼诱导气管插管时心血管反应的临床观察

目的观察瑞芬太尼在全麻诱导后气管插管时的心血管反应。方法选择择期手术ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者60例。随机分为瑞芬太尼组（R组）和芬太尼组（F组）,每组30例。麻醉诱导采用静注咪唑安定0.05mg/kg,丙泊酚1.5～2mg/kg,R组注射瑞芬太尼1～2μg/kg（时间〉1min）,F组注射芬太尼4μg/kg,两组均注射维库溴胺0.1mg/kg,3min后气管插管,观察两组患者诱导前、诱导后、气管插管后,0、1、3min的血压和心率变化。结果两组患者全麻诱导后、气管插管前的血压和心率与诱导前的血压和心率与诱导前血压和心率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。R组气管插管后0、1、3min的血压和心率无明显变化,与诱导前血压和心率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。F组气管插管后0、1、3min的血压和心率有明显变化,与诱导前的血压和心率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。R组与F组气管插管后0、1、3min的血压和心率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论瑞芬太尼可明显抑制全麻诱导后气管插管时的心血管反应。     

雷米芬太尼抑制高血压病患者气管插管心血管反应的临床观察

目的观察雷米芬太尼对合并高血压病患者麻醉诱导中抑制气管插管时的心血管应激反应。方法40例ASAⅡ级合并高血压病行择期手术患者在麻醉前血压控制满意,术晨服用日常服用的降压药,随机分为F（芬太尼）组和R（雷米芬太尼）组,均未使用麻醉前用药。麻醉诱导用药分别为咪达唑仑、芬太尼（F组）、雷米芬太尼（R组）、罗库溴铵、异丙酚,依次静注后气管插管,插管成功后行机械通气。观察收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MBP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）及肌肉强直、意识是否消失,并记录基础值（T0）、插管前即刻（T1）、插管后1min（T2）、插管后3min（T3）、插管后5min（T4）、插管后10min（T5）的监测数据,对所有数据进行统计学分析。结果R组能有效抑制气管插管引起的心血管应激反应,对降低血压、减慢心率的程度明显大于F组（P〈0．05）。结论雷米芬太尼1．5ug／kg能有效地抑制合并高血压病患者气管插管所致的心血管应激反应,血流动力学维持基本稳定。     

等效剂量舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼对老年患者全麻诱导应激反应的影响

目的采用等效剂量的舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼,在相同的麻醉深度下观察快速诱导气管内插管时的血流动力学和应激反应变化。方法老年全麻患者54例,随机分为3组,舒芬太尼组（SF组）诱导用舒芬太尼0．4μg／kg、瑞芬太尼组（RF组）用瑞芬太尼2μg／kg和芬太尼组（F组）用芬太尼3μg／kg。比较全麻诱导各时段的血流动力学和血浆儿茶酚胺浓度。结果与全麻诱导前相比,3组在插管前MAP降低（P〈0．05）,F组和RF组CI下降（P〈0．05）,SF组CI无明显变化。F组SVRI升高（P〈0．05）,SF组的变化无统计学差异,RF组明显下降（P〈0．01）。插管后SF组和RF组SVRI升高（P〈0．05）。F组气管插管后肾上腺素浓度升高（P〈0．05）,高于SF组和RF组（P〈0．05）。结论舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼对老年患者全麻诱导应激反应的抑制作用强于芬太尼,但是心血管稳定性方面舒芬太尼优于瑞芬太尼。     

瑞芬太尼与芬太尼全麻诱导的对比观察

目的观察等剂量的瑞芬太尼或芬太尼复合异丙酚全麻诱导气管内插管对血压、心率的影响和不良反应.方法160例择期手术全麻病人,分8组每组20例,全麻诱导用咪唑安定0.08 mg/kg、异丙酚1.5 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼(RF)或芬太尼(F)、阿曲库铵.瑞芬太尼或芬太尼的剂量分别是Ⅰ组1 μg/kg、Ⅱ组2μg/kg、Ⅲ组31 μg/kg、Ⅳ组4μg/kg,记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、窥喉前(T1)、导管插入即刻(T2)及气管插管后1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)、5 min(T5)、10 min(T6)的血压(SBP、DBP)和心率(HR)变化,观察有无胸腹肌肉僵硬等不良反应.结果①与基础值相比,麻醉诱导后各组HR、SBP、DBP均明显下降(P＜0.01);从导管插入即刻起,血压、心率开始回升,除RFⅢ组、RFⅣ组的SBP在气管插管后1、3 min仍较低(P＜0.05),以及FⅠ组的SBP在气管插管后1 min较高(P＜0.05)外,其余均恢复麻醉前水平(P＞0.05).②相同剂量的RF、F组间比较:RF对SBP、DBP的抑制强于F(P＜0.05).结论相同剂量的瑞芬太尼比芬太尼能更有效抑制气管插管所引起的心血管反应.     

喉罩与气管插管在全麻时心率和血压的改变

目的：比较喉罩与气管插管用于全麻患者，对血压和心率的影响。方法：选择全麻病人80例，随机分为全麻气管插管（T）组，全麻喉罩（L）组，每组40例．ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，全麻诱导咪唑安定0．1mg／kg，芬太尼3μg／kg，丙泊酚2mg／kg，维库溴铵1mg／kg，静脉诱导3分钟后，插入气管导管或喉罩，观察通气、心率、血压，及切皮、术中、拔管后血压、心率和术后的并发症。结果：气管插管时血压和心率波动大于喉罩植入。结论：插喉罩对血压和心率的影响不如气管插管剧烈，且操作简单，对咽喉刺激小，插入或拔出时，心血管反应明显小于气管插管。     

不同剂量瑞芬太尼和芬太尼对抑制心血管反应的效果观察

目的 观察不同剂量瑞芬太尼和芬太尼对抑制心血管反应的效果.方法 选择择期手术全麻患者60例,ASA分级I～II级,随机分为瑞芬太尼组（RF组）和芬太尼组（F组）各30例,每组中根据麻醉诱导时给药剂量的不同又分为3个亚组,每组10例.瑞芬太尼和芬太尼的剂量分别是RF1（F1） 1μg /kg、RF2（F2） 1.5μg /kg、RF3（F3） 2.0μg /kg;监测病人的血压、心电图（ECG）、心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）、灌注指数.记录麻醉前（T0）、诱导时（T1）、插管即刻（T2）及气管插管后1min（T3）、5min（T4）、10min（T5）各时间点收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、HR、HRV、灌注指数的变化.结果 ①60例病人与麻醉前相比,麻醉诱导时的SBP、DBP均明显下降（P＜0.01 或 0.05）;RF3组血压回升平稳,T2、T3、T4、T5时段血压比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;F1、2、3组心率与麻醉前比较明显升高（P＜0.05）,RF1、2、3组与麻醉前比较心率变化较平稳（P＞0.05）.②心率变异性RF三个剂量组T2、T3与麻醉前相比有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.灌注指数6组与麻醉前以及组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 瑞芬太尼作为麻醉诱导的基础用药,能有效抑制气管插管引起的心血管反应,2μg /kg瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚2mg/kg麻醉平稳,对血流动力学影响小,是气管插管的理想剂量.     

乌拉地尔预防气管插管时心血管副反应的实验研究

0引言全麻诱导期喉镜窥视和气管插管刺激可引起不同程度的血压增高，心率增快等心血管副反应．近年来曾探讨过多种方法，预防效果多不理想．我们用乌拉地尔（URA）于全麻诱导以观察气管插管时对心血管副反应的预防效果．l方法健康杂种犬12条，雌雄兼用，体重10，5kg～16kg，随机分为A，B两组，每组6条．均以静脉注射25g／I。硫喷妥钠5mg／kg，芬太尼2．SI。g／kg，潘库7Rff0．ling／kg行快速诱导气管插管．A组于潘库涅按后tvURA0．5mg／kg，B组不用URA为对照组．气管插管均在注药后3min内完成．2结果A组与诱导前比较，插管时及插管…     

布托啡诺、舒芬太尼预防气管插管时心血管反应的临床效果比较

【目的】比较布托啡诺和舒芬太尼两药用于全麻诱导时对血流动力学的影响,观察评价布托啡诺预防全麻诱导气管插管反应的临床效果。【方法】60例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级行全麻气管插管择期手术的患者,随机分为两组（n=30）：布托啡诺组（B组）和舒芬太尼组（S组）,观察并记录诱导前、诱导后2、4、6min和插管后即刻的心率和血压,行气管插管时患者的反应等。【结果】布托啡诺静注2、4、6min后血压、心率与注药前相比无显著差异性（P〉0．05）;舒芬太尼静注2、4、6rain后血压、心率下降明显（P〈0．05）;插管后即刻：B组较诱导前血压、心率无显著差异性（P〉0．05）;S组较诱导前血压心率有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。插管后B组与S组之间血压心率变化幅度有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。【结论】布托啡诺用于全麻诱导可有效的抑制气管插管时的心血管反应,因此认为布托啡诺可全麻诱导中进行选择使用。     

3种麻醉诱导方式对患者气管插管应激反应的影响

①目的比较依托咪酯、丙泊酚以及两者复合诱导对患者气管插管时应激反应的影响。②方法选择拟行气管插管全麻的患者120例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。随机分为E组、P组和F组,每组各40例。麻醉诱导分别采用依托咪酯0．4 mg/kg（E组）,丙泊酚2mg/kg（P组）,依托咪酯0．2 mg/kg＋丙泊酚1mg/kg（F组）。监测患者在诱导前（T0）、诱导后1分钟（T1）、诱导后3分钟（T2）、插管后1分钟（T3）、插管后3分钟（T4）、插管后5分钟（T5）的血压、心率和脑电双频指数（BIS）。③结果 P组在诱导后血压、心率明显下降（ P ＜0．05）;E组在插管后血压、心率明显升高（ P ＜0．05）;F组在整个诱导与插管过程中循环保持平稳。 E组在插管后BIS一过性上升（ P ＜0．05）;P组和F组均无明显变化（ P ＞0．05）,而是呈时间依赖性缓慢回升。④结论以依托咪酯0．2mg/kg复合丙泊酚1mg/kg诱导,可保持整个全麻诱导及气管插管过程中患者生命体征的平稳,有效抑制气管插管引起的应激反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.