大鼠烟碱依赖——戒断的类吗啡戒断综合征模型的建立及机制…

大鼠连续９ｄ递增皮下注射烟碱后产生依赖，皮下注射阿片受体拮抗剂络洛酮可使烟碱依赖大鼠产生明显的戒断症状，并与美加明激发的戒断症状十分相似。     

烟碱诱发大鼠惊厥和体温下降形成耐受的时间与剂量依赖性

烟碱诱发大鼠惊厥和体温下降形成耐受的时间与剂量依赖性徐江平，刘传绩（北京军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所北京１００８５０）烟碱急性给药（２，３．５和５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｓｃ或ｉｐ）诱发大鼠体温下降具有剂量依赖性。美加明（１和５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｓｃ或ｉｐ）可部分拮抗...     

大鼠尼古丁依赖对中枢阿片系统的影响

大鼠尼古丁依赖对中枢阿片系统的影响徐江平任爱国刘传缋军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所北京１００８５０大鼠连续皮下注射尼古丁，剂量由０．５ｍｇｋｇ－１至４ｍｇｋｇ－１，计９ｄ；末次给药后１～２ｈ，皮下注射４ｍｇｋｇ－１纳洛酮，，可激发依赖大鼠产生阿片戒断样...     

烟碱诱发大鼠体温下降形成耐受的时间与剂量依赖性

烟碱急性给药（２．０，３．５和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）诱发大鼠体温下降具有剂量依赖性。美加明（１．０和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）可部分拮抗烟碱的体温下降作用，而六甲溴胺（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）不表现拮抗活性。烟碱（２．０，３．５和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）每日一次，连续１２ｄ给药，随着时间。     

槟榔碱对大鼠脑肌醇含量的影响以及与烟碱的相互作用

急性实验中，经Ｍ受体激动剂槟榔碱５０，１００，２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｉｐ）３０ｍｉｎ后，在１００和２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量下可显著地提高大鼠大脑皮层和海马中肌醇含量，但不影响纹状体中肌醇含量；Ｍ受体拮抗剂阿托品２ｍｇ／ｋｇ可对抗槟榔碱２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｉｐ）提高大脑皮层和海马中肌醇含量的作用；反复注射Ｎ受体激动剂烟碱０．５，１，１，２，２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｉｐ）与槟榔碱５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｉｐ）之间存在协同作用，进一步提高大脑皮层和海马中肌醇含量。慢性实验中，给槟榔碱２，５，１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（ｓｃ）每日２次１４ｄ后，在１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量下可显著地提高大脑皮层中肌醇含量；阿托品２ｍｇ／ｋｇ对抗槟榔碱１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的作用；烟碱２ｍｇ／ｋｇ与槟榔碱５ｍｇ／ｋｇ之间存在协同作用，进一步提高大脑皮层中肌醇含量，烟碱的这一作用可为美加明１ｍｇ／ｋｇ所对抗。提示槟榔碱激动中枢Ｍ受体提高大脑皮层和海马中肌醇含量，反复注射烟碱可提高Ｍ受体对其激动剂的敏感性     

给药途径对强啡肽A1—13抑制吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状的影响

目的研究不同给药途径对强啡肽A1-13(Dyn)抑制吗啡依赖戒断症状的影响.方法采用剂量递增法建立大鼠吗啡身体依赖模型;吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状采用sc 5mg*kg-1纳洛酮激发;Dyn对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状的影响采用侧脑室、脊髓及静脉内注射Dyn后,对大鼠经纳洛酮激发后60min内可数和不可数的戒断症状进行评分的方法进行.结果静脉内注射100μg*kg-1 Dyn可短暂抑制戒断症状;髓鞘内注射4μg*kg-1 Dyn可明显抑制绝大部分的戒断症状;侧脑室注射Dyn对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状无显著的抑制作用.结论 Dyn抑制阿片类物质戒断症状可能主要是通过脊髓水平起作用的.     

山莨菪碱对缺血再灌注损伤心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量影响的研究

麻醉大鼠心肌缺血１５ｍｉｎ，再灌１０ｍｉｎ，再灌前１ｍｉｎ分别静注山莨菪碱（Ａｎｉ）３．０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣－１和５．０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣－１、生理盐水（ＮＳ）１．０ｍｌ·ｋｇ￣－１、ＳＯＤ７５Ｕ·ｋｇ￣－１，然后取出心脏，用气相色谱法测定心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量。实验证明在缺血再灌注损伤心肌膜脂质中，主要不饱和脂肪酸含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ），Ａｎｉ能阻止其降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｎｉ与ＳＯＤ有类似作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

N-硝基-L-精氨酸抑制大鼠吗啡身体依赖的强啡肽机制

目的　研究N 硝基 L 精氨酸 (NO2 Arg)在抑制吗啡身体依赖形成中的作用及探讨强啡肽在该过程中的可能作用。方法　采用剂量递增皮下注射吗啡法建立大鼠吗啡身体依赖模型 ;身体依赖程度采用皮下注射 5mg·kg-1 纳洛酮激发戒断症状并对大鼠 6 0min内可数和不可数的戒断症状评分的方法进行 ;采用放射免疫法分别测定大鼠脑各分区、垂体、脊髓和血浆内免疫活性强啡肽A(ir-Dyn)的含量。结果　NO2 Arg可剂量相关性地抑制吗啡身体依赖的形成 ,其中 5mg·kg-1 NO2 Arg可显著抑制吗啡依赖大鼠大多数戒断症状 ;NO2 Arg处理可显著升高吗啡依赖大鼠脊髓、纹状体、垂体及血浆内ir-Dyn的水平。该作用可被特异性κ -受体阻滞剂norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI)所拮抗。结论　NO2 Arg剂量相关性地抑制吗啡身体依赖的形成 ,该抑制作用可能与其调节机体内源性强啡肽的水平显著相关     

HL-329抑制大鼠硬脑膜内神经原性血浆蛋白渗出

电刺激三叉神经节或静脉注射辣椒素造成大鼠硬脑膜内血浆蛋白渗出，取下双侧硬脑膜称重并测量其放射性。分别于刺激前４０ｍｉｎ腹腔注射ＨＬ－３２９１０、２０、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或相同容量溶剂，观察它们的作用。结果显示电刺激增加了刺激侧硬脑膜内血浆蛋白渗出〔（２１．５０±１．４５）～（３７．８５±３．１９）ｃｐｍ／ｍｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１〕，刺激侧与非刺激侧的比值为１．７６±０．１０。ＨＬ－３２９１０，２０，４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ分别减少其比值到１．５３±０．１４（Ｐ＜０．０５），１．４３±０．０３（Ｐ＜０．０１），１．２０±０．１５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＨＬ－３２９明显减少了电刺激和辣椒素造成的大鼠硬脑膜内血浆蛋白渗出。证明ＨＬ－３２９是一潜在的抗偏头痛药物     

糖皮质激素对吗啡依赖大鼠海马c-fos基因表达的影响

目的 观察吗啡依赖大鼠脑内海马区c-fos mRNA水平的变化,研究糖皮质激素(地塞米松)控制阿片戒断症状的分子机理。方法 剂量递增腹腔注射吗啡建立大鼠成瘾模型,给与地塞米松干预,纳洛酮促瘾后观察戒断症状,应用原位杂交方法观察海马区c-fos mRNA。结果 吗啡依赖大鼠经地塞米松干预后,由纳洛酮催促戒断症状评分明显低于未经地塞米松处理组;同时经地塞米松干预后,海马c-fos mRNA的表达量明显低于未经地塞米松处理,但较盐水对照组高。结论糖皮质激素(地塞米松)能抑制吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状以及海马c-fos mRNA的表达。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.