HANS仪辅助硬膜外阻滞时病人血清皮质醇和血糖的变化

目的：观察妇科经腹全宫切除病人在硬膜外麻醉时辅以ＨＡＮＳ穴位刺激，是否能减轻内脏牵拉反应及相应的血液生化学变化。结果：硬膜外麻醉加ＨＡＮＳ组（＋ＨＡＮＳ）及单纯硬膜外麻醉（－ＨＡＮＳ）组各１５例。＋ＨＡＮＳ组术中有６６．７％的病例不出现牵拉反应，明显高于－ＨＡＮＳ组（２０％）；术中需要追加杜非合剂的病例（１３％），显著少于－ＨＡＮＳ组（５３％）。＋ＨＡＮＳ组术中血糖升高３３％，显著低于－ＨＡＮＳ组（升高４９％）。两组血清皮质醇水平的幅度相似，无显著差异。结论：硬膜外麻醉加用ＨＡＮＳ，可减轻手术牵拉反应及相应的升血糖反应     

术前HANS对剖宫产术中及术后病人的镇痛作用

目的：观察术前应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（ＨＡＮＳ）对术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）效果、镇痛药用量及不良反应的影响。方法：选取ＡＳＡⅠ级剖宫产产妇４０例。ＨＡＮＳ组（ＨＡＮＳ＋ＰＣＥＡ组）２０例：术前应用ＨＡＮＳ且术后进行ＰＣＥＡ;对照组（ＰＣＥＡ组）２０例：单纯术后ＰＣＥＡ。ＨＡＮＳ采用ＤＤ波（２／１００Ｈｚ）刺激３０ｍｉｎ后切皮。记录切开腹膜、分离膀胱反折、婴儿娩出、清理宫腔、探查附件、术后     

韩氏穴位神经刺激仪辅助硬膜外麻醉用于急性阑尾炎手术的临？…

目的：观察普通外科急性阑尾炎病人在硬膜外麻醉时应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（ＨＡＮＳ）观察是否能减轻内脏牵拉反应及相应的血糖变化。结果：硬膜外麻醉加ＨＡＮＳ组及硬膜外麻醉对照组各５例。＋ＨＡＮＳ组有６０％（９／１５）的病人不出现牵拉反应,明显高于对照组１３．３％（２／１５）,两组差异非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）;＋ＨＡＮＳ组术中需追加哌替啶的病例１３．３％（２／１５）显著少于对照组５３％（８／１５）（Ｐ〈０     

1：20万肾上腺素对硬外腔自控镇痛效应的影响

本文旨在观察１：２０万肾上腺素对丁布氟芬液行术后硬膜外腔病人自控镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）效应的影响。选择ＡＳＡⅠ￣Ⅱ级，硬膜外腔麻醉下行中下腹部手术病人４０例，随机分为两组，Ⅰ组（ｎ＝２０）：丁布氟芬液１００ｍｌ＋ＮＳ０．５ｍｌ。用双盲法观察两组病人术后镇痛２４小时用药量、镇痛效果、血压、心率变化及嗜睡发生率。结果：２４小时用药量、ＶＡＳ评分、嗜睡发生率，两组相比无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；各组内镇痛前、     

体表电刺激在正常和麻醉状态下肌松作用的研究

目的：应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（ＨＡＮＳ）进行１００Ｈｚ体表电刺激,观察是否有肌松作用。方法和结果：（１）抬腿读秒试验：健康自愿受试者２０例,分别在０Ｈｚ、２Ｈｚ、１００Ｈｚ和２／１００ＨｚＨＡＮＳ刺激前后进行４５°抬腿试验。发现２／１００Ｈｚ和１００ＨｚＨＡＮＳ刺激３０ｍｉｎ后抬腿时间较刺激前减少２０．７％和４０．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）;（２）临床麻醉观察：选择需全麻的腹部手术ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级患者６０例,随机分成ＨＡＮＳ组（静脉全麻＋ＨＡＮＳ）和对照组（单纯静脉全麻）,每组３０例。两组的首次全麻药和肌松药的用量及一般麻醉方法均一致,并全程进行肌松和生命体征监测,当肌松的ＴＲ值＞０．２５或麻醉机气道压力＞２ｋＰａ时,追加首次肌松药和全麻药量的半量,使手术始终处于良好的肌松和平稳的麻醉状态。ＨＡＮＳ组于全麻诱导前２０ｍｉｎ开始１００ＨｚＨＡＮＳ体表电刺激。结果表明,ＨＡＮＳ组的肌松药用量较对照组减少３５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,全麻药较对照组减少２０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：健康受试者抬腿读秒试验和腹部手术临床麻醉的观察结果表明,ＨＡＮＳ确有明显的肌松作用,具有临床应用前景。     

韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（HANS）应用于腹部手术病人术后PCEA镇？…

本研究根据一定频率的经皮电刺激可促使中枢神经系统释放阿片肽的原理，应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（ＨＡＮＳ）辅助腹部手术病人术后硬膜外腔吗啡自控镇痛２０例（ＨＡＮＳ组）与单纯术后硬膜外腔吗啡自控镇痛２０例（对照组）比较。结果表明：吗啡和量ＨＡＮＳ组１５０±１９２．６μｇ与对照组４６５±４７８．２μｇ相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），镇痛效果ＶＡＳ评分ＨＡＮＳ组０．５±０．５１分与对照组０．９±０．６４分相     

预先应用HANS的超前镇痛作用及对机体内分泌功能影响的临？…

目的：观察预先应用韩氏神经穴位刺激仪（ＨＡＮＳ）的超前镇痛作用及对机体内分泌功能的影响。方法：妇科择期手术病人３０例,ＡＳＡＩ－ＩＩ级,随机分为两组,各１５例,ＨＡＮＳ组预先应用ＨＡＮＳ行超前镇痛,对照组不做超前镇痛。观察两组硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛的时程,静息及运动时的ＶＡＳ,加用镇痛药的次数及血浆儿茶酚胺含量的变化。结果：（１）两组硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛的时程及静息时的ＶＡＳ无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）     

韩氏（HANS）仪对七氟醚最低肺泡浓度（MAC）的影响

目的：将ＨＡＮＳ仪用于心血管手术的临床麻醉，观察其能否减少麻醉药的用量。方法：４０例５～１０岁先天性心脏病室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）、房间隔缺损（ＡＳＤ）患儿，随机分为Ⅰ组（单用七氟醚组）和Ⅱ组（ＨＡＮＳ加七氟醚复合组）。用体动反应上下交叉点（ｕｐａｎｄｄｏｗｎ）法分别测定两组的最低肺泡气浓度（ＭＡＣ）。结果：Ⅰ组即单用七氟醚组的ＭＡＣ值为２．７２±０．０７Ｖｏｌ％；而Ⅱ组即七氟醚加ＨＡＮＳ组的ＭＡＣ值为２．２４±０．１５Ｖｏｌ％，比空白组减少了１７．４％。两组间Ｐ值＜０．００１，有非常显著的区别。切皮的刺激使Ⅰ组的心率增加了３８．０％，收缩压增加了２３．０％，舒张压增加了３４．０％；而Ⅱ组即七氟醚加ＨＡＮＳ组心率增加了１６．０％，收缩压增加了１４．３％，舒张压增加了１３．７％。结论：ＨＡＮＳ可减少七氟醚的ＭＡＣ值１７．３８％，具有非常显著的统计学意义。在１ＭＡＣ左右，机体接受同样伤害性刺激时，ＨＡＮＳ具有一定的心血管稳定作用。     

剖宫产前肌注麻黄素预防仰卧位综合征

目的：了解剖宫前肌注麻黄素对仰卧位综合征的预防作用。方法：选择ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ级择期单胎剖宫产病人４０例，随机分为Ａ，Ｂ两组，每组２０例，Ａ组术前２０ｍｉｎ肌注麻黄素２０ｍｇ，Ｂ组术前２０ｍｉｎ肌注生理盐水５ｍｉｎ，１０ｍｉｎ，１５ｍｉｎ，２０ｍｉｎ，ＳＢＰ及ＤＢＰ与麻醉前比较无统计学差异，对照组２０ｍｉｎ，ＳＢＰ及１０ｍｉｎ，１５ｍｉｎ，２０ｍｉｎＤＢＰ与麻醉前比较有统计学差异。     

碳酸利多卡因硬膜外阻滞在急诊单胎剖宫产的应用

目的：观察碳酸利多卡因在急诊单胎剖宫产的麻醉效果。方法：选择ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ级急诊剖宫产病人４０例，随机分为两组，每组２０例，Ａ组用１．７３％碳酸利多卡因，Ｂ组用２％盐酸利多卡因行硬膜外阻滞。对麻醉起铲时间，阻滞平面及ＭＡＰ．Ｐ．ＳｐＯ２的改变。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.