电致孔条件下不同促渗剂对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响

目的探索电致孔条件下5种促渗剂对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响。方法采用双室扩散池,HPLC法定量青藤碱。在一定的电致孔参数下观测电致孔与氮酮、薄荷油、聚山梨酯80、丙二醇和PEG400组合后对青藤碱透皮给药的影响。结果在电致孔条件下,氮酮和薄荷油对青藤碱透皮给药有极其显著的促进作用;而聚山梨酯80、丙二醇、PEG400的促透作用甚至低于单独的电致孔促透作用。结论在电致孔条件下不同促渗剂对青藤碱透皮给药的效果差异很大,电致孔与促渗剂组合将有很好的应用前景。     

宝泻灵提取物的体外透皮吸收研究

目的研究不同透皮促进剂对宝泻灵提取物中各指标性成分体外经皮渗透的影响,筛选出有效的透皮吸收促进剂。方法采用改良的Franz扩散池,以离体大鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,通过体外透皮实验,用高效液相色谱法测定不同渗透促进剂对提取物中各指标性成分吴茱萸次碱、丁香酚和肉桂醛的累积渗透量、透皮渗透速率等体外透皮吸收动力学参数的影响。结果低比例氮酮、以及3%氮酮与不同比例丙二醇联合使用时的累积渗透量均有明显提高,其中以3%氮酮 10%丙二醇作为复合促进剂时的促渗作用最强。结论通过考察渗透促进剂对宝泻灵提取物各指标性成分的影响,为研究其透皮给药提供了参考依据。     

草乌提取物乌头碱和新乌头碱的透皮速率测定

目的:测定草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱的透皮速率。方法:用改良Franz扩散池法收集草乌提取物的透皮接受液,用高效液相色谱法测定其中乌头碱、新乌头碱的透皮速率。结果:在促透剂氮酮和丙二醇各为4%的条件下,浓度为600mg/ml的草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱24h的累积渗透量分别为165.819和487.747μg/cm2;透皮速率常数分别为18.391和78.805μg·cm-2·h-1。结论:草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱在氮酮和丙二醇的促透作用下能较好地透过大鼠皮肤,透皮吸收过程符合Higuchi方程。     

盐酸哌甲酯的经皮渗透特性研究

目的:考察盐酸哌甲酯的体外经皮渗透特性. 方法:采用Franz扩散池,裸鼠离体皮肤作为透皮模型,HPLC法测定药物透皮浓度.计算药物在不同浓度(10～100 mg·ml-1)条件下经皮渗透稳态流量、渗透系数以及透皮时滞,并考察几种促透剂(氮酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、丙二醇、油酸)对哌甲酯透皮行为的影响.结果:盐酸哌甲酯的经皮渗透稳态流量随浓度增加显著增强(P<0.01),浓度大于50 mg·ml-1时其渗透系数有所增加(P<0.05).8%氮酮和5%丙二醇对药物促透作用明显(P<0.01). 结论:药物浓度、不同促透剂及其浓度对盐酸哌甲酯的经皮渗透有一定的影响.     

不同促透剂对人参皂苷Rg1体外透皮吸收的影响

目的通过小鼠体外透皮实验,探讨不同促透剂对人参皂苷Rg1体外透皮吸收的影响,确定最佳促透剂,为研制新型透皮吸收制剂奠定基础。方法采用改良Franz扩散池法,以离体小鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,以生理盐水为接受介质,加入不同促透剂制备药液样品,以人参皂苷Rg1为定量指标成分进行体外透皮吸收检测,考察人参皂苷Rg1累计透过量。结果无促透剂条件下,人参皂苷Rg1未能透过;单一促透剂中以7%丙二醇效果最好,7%氮酮效果次之,冰片促透作用较小;复合促透剂中,氮酮＋丙二醇组各浓度下累计透过量接近,氮酮＋冰片组以两者质量浓度各为2.5%效果较好。结论常用促透剂丙二醇、氮酮、冰片均可增加药物中人参皂苷Rg1的透皮吸收量,其中,7%丙二醇为最佳促透剂。     

低频电磁复合脉冲对新乌头碱透皮吸收速率的影响

目的观察不同促透方法对新乌头碱透皮吸收速率的影响,寻找促进药物透皮吸收的最佳条件和方法。方法将大鼠随机分为4组,即单纯给药组、促透剂组、低频电磁复合脉冲组(简称仪器组)、促透剂+仪器组。使用草乌提取物制备透皮药液,促透剂组和促透剂+仪器组使用的透皮药液中均加入透皮促进剂氮酮和丙二醇,各为4%。将低频电磁复合脉冲仪的电极固定于仪器组和促透剂+仪器组的鼠皮表面。采用HPLC法测定各组不同时间点接受液中新乌头碱的含量,计算累计渗透量和透皮吸收速率。结果单纯给药组新乌头碱透皮吸收速率为3.693μg/(cm2.h);促透剂组新乌头碱透皮吸收速率为32.143μg/(cm2.h);仪器组新乌头碱透皮吸收速率为25.754μg/(cm2.h);促透剂+仪器组新乌头碱透皮吸收速率为58.517μg/(cm2.h)。结论使用促透剂、低频电磁复合脉冲刺激对新乌头碱成分有促透效果,二者联合应用促透效果更为显著,具有协同效应,可明显提高新乌头碱的透皮吸收速率。     

不同透皮吸收促进剂对格列美脲体外经皮渗透动力学特征的影响

目的：研究不同透皮促进剂对格列美脲体外经皮渗透的影响，筛选有效的复合透皮吸收促进剂，提高格列美脲的透皮吸收速率。方法：采用改良的Franz扩散池，以离体新西兰家兔皮肤为透皮屏障，用高效液相色谱法测定不同透皮吸收促进剂对格列美脲累积渗透量、透皮吸收速率、透皮时滞和渗透系数等体外透皮吸收动力学参数的影响。对氮酮(Azone)、丙二醇(PG)、油酸(OA)、卡必醇(Carbitol)、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)5种透皮吸收促进剂单独应用和任意两种合用的促进效果进行考察。结果：透皮吸收促进剂单独使用时，油酸、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和氮酮对格列美脲透皮吸收的促进作用依次增强，增透倍数分别为2，01，2，48和3．38；相反，卡必醇和丙二醇对格列美脲的透皮吸收起阻滞作用。在10种复合促进剂中，氮酮分别与油酸和丙二醇合用时的透皮渗透量均比单用氮酮高，分别使格列美脲渗透系数增大6.31和4．79倍，其中以氮酮和油酸合用促进效果最优。研究了氮酮和油酸最佳促进效果时的配比。实验表明，氮酮与油酸的透皮速率常数从大至小依次为：氮酮与油酸(1：1)、氮酮、油酸、氮酮与油酸(1：2)，随油酸浓度比例增加，药物的累积透过量和增透倍数逐渐降低；当氮酮与油酸以相同比例混合使用时，具有协同作用。结论：促进格列美脲经皮渗透的重要途径首先是改善细胞间脂质通道，其次是增强皮肤的水合能力。以氮酮和油酸(1：1)为复合促进剂时格列美脲的透皮吸收速率最快，透皮时滞较短，促进效果最好。     

均匀设计法筛选格列吡嗪透皮贴剂的促渗剂

目的筛选格列吡嗪透皮贴剂的复合型促渗剂。方法以离体大鼠皮肤透皮速率常数为指标,采用均匀设计法从氮酮、油酸、丙二醇中选择最佳促渗剂及其最佳配比。结果氮酮、丙二醇为影响格列吡嗪经皮渗透的主要因素,而油酸无明显作用;以氮酮-丙二醇（质量分数比为6%∶6%）作促渗剂时,格列吡嗪可获得最大透皮速度,测得透皮速率常数为6.174μg.cm-2.h-1。结论优选的复合促渗剂可提高格列吡嗪的透皮吸收率。     

不同透皮促进剂对复方黄芩巴布剂中黄芩苷透皮吸收的影响

目的 研究氮酮、丙二醇、油酸及两者配伍对复方黄芩巴布剂中黄芩苷透皮吸收的影响.方法 制备含不同吸收促进剂的复方黄芩巴布剂,以Franz扩散池为透皮吸收装置,采用HPLC法对黄芩苷进行测定,考察不同透皮促进剂的促渗效果.结果 与不含吸收促进剂的巴布剂比较,吸收促进剂对黄芩苷透皮吸收的影响为丙二醇(PG) 氮酮(azone)＞丙二醇 油酸(OA)＞油酸 氮酮＞不含促进剂.其中丙二醇与氮酮浓度各为1.5%时,黄芩苷有最大渗透速率154.36μg/(cm2·h).结论 复合促进剂对黄芩苷的透皮吸收均有促进作用,1.5%丙二醇 1.5%氮酮作为本复方的透皮促进剂效果较好.     

均匀设计法筛选蟾酥贴剂的透皮吸收促进剂

目的筛选蟾酥贴剂的复合型透皮吸收促进剂。方法以裸鼠皮肤为实验屏障,应用均匀设计法从氮酮、丙二醇、油酸中选择蟾酥贴剂的最佳吸收促进剂及其最佳配比。结果氮酮、丙二醇、油酸的质量分数配比为6%∶10%∶0%时,蟾酥贴片中的蟾酥有最大的透皮速率常数。结论氮酮丙二醇复合透皮吸收促进剂可促进蟾酥中蟾毒内酯类成分的透皮吸收。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.