不同年龄段人TCD脑血流动力学参数

目的　研究不同年龄段人脑血流动力学参数的正常值范围。　方法　应用彩色多普勒对 90 8例不同年龄段人的大脑中动脉 (MCA)、大脑前动脉 (ACA)、大脑后动脉 (PCA)、椎动脉 (VA)、基底动脉 (BA)的收缩期血流速度 (Vs)、舒张期血流速度 (Vd)、平均血流速度 (Vm )、脉动指数 (PI)进行检测。　结果　 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA的 Vs、Vd、Vm均随年龄的增大而减小。 PI在 10～ 4 0岁随年龄的增大而减小 ,而 >4 0岁后 ,又随年龄的增大而增大。　结论　提出国人不同年龄段的 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA血流参数的正常值范围     

经颅多普勒对高原地区人群脑血管血流速度的观察

目的 探讨高原低氧对脑血管血流动力学的影响.方法 对居住海拔2300 m(西宁地区)及3000 m(青藏高原)5年以上健康青壮年(各180倒)行经颅多普勒(TCD)检测,并与内地平原地区同龄健康男性的TCD参数进行比较.结果 3组血流动力学指标比较,Vs、Vd均存在统计学差异(P均＜0.01);两两比较:海拔3000m地区人群的大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)的收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)和舒张末期血流速度(Vd)均低于平原地区及2300m地区人群;海拔2300m地区人群的MCA、ACA、PCA、VA和BA的Vs均低于平原地区人群,MCA、ACA、PCA、VA的Vd亦低于平原地区(P均＜0.05).结论 高原地区健康青壮年脑血管血流速度偏低,并与海拔高度明显相关,海拔越高,脑血流速度越低.     

晕厥患者的TCD表现及病因分析

目的：探讨晕厥患者的TCD表现并据此进行病因分析。方法：采用Dop P型经颅多普勒诊断仪对89例晕厥患者发作间歇期及61例健康体检者进行经颅多普勒检测。结果：病例组MCA、ACA、PCA、VA和BA的Vs、Vd、Vm均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,而各支脑动脉的PI值两组之间差别无统计学意义。结论：晕厥患者脑动脉血流速度常加快,脑血流动力学改变为晕厥的常见病因之一,建议晕厥患者常规行TCD检查。     

高血压病脑血流动力学研究

目的　探讨各期高血压病人颅内血管血流动力学变化规律。方法　应用 (TCD)对 384例高血压病人及 5 0例正常对照组的双侧大脑中动脉 (MCA)、大脑前动脉 (ACA)、大脑后动脉 (PCA)、椎动脉 (VA)、基底动脉 (BA)的平均血流速度 (Vm)、血流脉动指数 (PI)及频谱形态进行观测。结果　高血压Ⅰ期组病人MCA、ACA的Vm升高 ,PCA、VA、BA的Vm无变化 ,PI无变化 ,频谱形态正常。Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病人颈内动脉系统、VA、BA的Vm渐降低 ,PCA无变化 ,PI升高 ,并伴有频谱形态改变。结论　TCD检查可了解高血压病人的脑血管病理生理变化 ,评价脑动脉弹性功能以及脑供血情况 ,有重要临床价值     

晕厥患者的TCD表现及病因分析

目的：探讨晕厥患者的TCD表现并据此进行病因分析。方法：采用Dop P型经颅多普勒诊断仪对89例晕厥患者发作间歇期及61例健康体检者进行经颅多普勒检测。结果：病例组MCA、ACA、PCA、VA和BA的Vs、Vd、Vm均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,而各支脑动脉的P1值两组之间差别无统计学意义。结论：晕厥患者脑动脉血流速度常加快,脑血流动力学改变为晕厥的常见病因之一,建议晕厥患者常规行TCD检查。     

脑梗死患者的TCD分析

目的 观察脑梗死患者的经颅多普勒超声(TCD)改变.方法 选取135例脑梗死患者行TCD检查,分别经颞窗、枕窗常规检测两侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA )、大脑后动脉(PCA）,椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA).结果 135例患者中正常3例(2.2%),异常132例(97.8%).其中V A M加快137支,V AM减慢133支,血管信号消失38支.PI及RI增高伴血流速度减慢107例,PI及RI增高伴血流速度加快15例.结论 TCD检测无创、操作便利、可重复性好,直接获取脑动脉血流动力参数等优点,对于脑梗死患者是一种重要的辅助检查.     

经颅多普勒超声对糖尿病的脑血流检测分析

目的　探讨经颅多普勒 (TCD)在诊断和预测糖尿病患者脑血管病变中的临床意义。　方法　采用TCD诊断仪对 6 4例 5 0岁以上 2型糖尿病患者及 5 9例同年龄段正常对照组进行脑血流检测。　结果　糖尿病组的 PI值增高 (P<0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ;血流速度亦增高 ,其中 MCA、ACA、PCA的 Vs、Vm、Vd及 VA的 Vs与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,BA的 Vs、Vm、Vd及 VA的 Vm、Vd与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;糖尿病组颈内动脉系统血管 PI值较椎基动脉系统血管 PI值明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　 TCD对糖尿病颅内动脉血流动力学的改变灵敏度较高 ,在诊断糖尿病患者脑血管病变、预测和减少脑血管意外方面有着重要的临床意义     

无先兆偏头痛患者急性发作期脑血流变化

目的探讨无先兆偏头痛患者急性发作期的脑血管血流动力学异常。方法对180例急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者进行经颅多普勒超声(Transcranial Doppler sonography,TCD)检测,记录双侧大脑中动脉(Middl ecerebral artery,MCA)、大脑前动脉(Anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、大脑后动脉(Posterior cerebral artery,PCA)、双侧椎动脉(Vertebral artery,VA)及基底动脉(Basilar artery,BA)的频谱,并以平均血流速度(Vm)作为分析指标。结果 180例患者中,Vm增高135例(75%),Vm减低20例(11.11%),以多支病变多见;在流速增高的病例中,以MCA多见,在流速减慢的病例中,以VA-BA系统多见;Vm正常范围的25例(13.89%),其中有15例(8.33%)两侧同名动脉的Vm均在正常范围内,但两侧血流速度不对称,包括8例MCA,3例ACA及4例VA。结论在急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者确实存在脑血流动力学异常;TCD可以作为一种有效的检查方法为临床偏头痛诊断及疗效评定提供参考。     

Cerebral hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with migraine without aura during attacking period.

目的 探讨无先兆偏头痛患者急性发作期的脑血管血流动力学异常.方法 对180例急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者进行经颅多普勒超声(Transcranial Doppler sonogrphy,TCD)检测,记录双侧大脑中动脉(Middle cerebral artery,MCA)、大脑前动脉(Anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、大脑后动脉(Posterior cerebral artery,PCA)、双侧椎动脉(Vertebral artery,VA)及基底动脉(Basilar artery,BA)的频谱,并以平均血流速度(Vm)作为分析指标.结果 180例患者中,Vm增高135例(75％),Vm减低20例(11.11％),以多支病变多见;在流速增高的病例中,以MCA多见,在流速减慢的病例中,以VA-BA系统多见;Vm正常范围的25例(13.89％),其中有15例(8.33％)两侧同名动脉的Vm均在正常范围内,但两侧血流速度不对称,包括8例MCA,3例ACA及4例VA.结论 在急性发作期无先兆偏头痛患者确实存在脑血流动力学异常;TCD可以作为一种有效的检查方法为临床偏头痛诊断及疗效评定提供参考.     

药物治疗对高血压患者脑血流动力学变化的影响

目的：探讨药物治疗对高血压患者脑血流动力学变化的影响及其临床意义.方法：选择100例未行药物治疗或血压控制不满意的临床原发性高血压病,并经颅多普勒（TCD）检查有明显脑血流动力学改变的患者;所有患者规范化药物治疗（降压、抗血小板聚集、调脂等）,一年后,经TCD检测每位患者大脑中（MCA）、前（ACA）、后动脉（PCA）、椎动脉（VA）、基底动脉（BA）的平均血流速度（Vm）、收缩期血流速度（Vs）和舒张期血流速度（Vd）,血管搏动指数（PI）,频谱形态及血流音频信号等参数,并对药物治疗前、后各参数比较分析.结果：药物治疗后MCA、ACA、VA、BA的平均血流速度与治疗前相比明显降低,MCA、ACA、BA的收缩峰速度与治疗前相比明显降低, MCA、ACA、VA、BA的舒张末期血流速度与治疗前相比明显降低;TCD显示：本组患者脑血管痉挛基本缓解,脑供血不足及脑动脉硬化也有明显改善.结论：规范化药物治疗能明显改善高血压患者脑血流动力学,对防治、延缓高血压病人脑血管病变有重要的临床价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.