组织金属蛋白酶抑制物转基因对小鼠肝脏组织结构与抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨金属蛋白酶抑制物-1（TIMP-1）及其金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2、MMP-9在TIMP1转基因小鼠和正常小鼠肝脏自然衰老过程中的表达和作用。方法选择3、12和24月龄正常和TIMP_1转基因小鼠，采用HE和Masson染色，观察小鼠肝脏的组织病理学改变，用RTPCR和Westernblot法分别检测TIMP-1和MMP-2、MMP-9在不同月龄小鼠肝脏组织中的表达。测定3月龄小鼠肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、单胺氧化酶（MAO）活性及丙二醛含量。结果24月龄小鼠肝脏中有较多的脂肪变性和胶原沉积，TIMP1的表达随小鼠月龄增加而增高，转基因小鼠的病变更明显。两组小鼠MMP-2和MMP-9的表达均无明显变化。3月龄转基因小鼠肝脏组织学结构和形态无明显改变，但SOD活性降低，MAO活性增高，丙二醛含量增高（P〈0．05）。结论TIMP-1表达增高在肝脏衰老过程中可能起重要作用。     

Effect of ginkgo biloba extract on livers in aged rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on livers of aged rats and the associated mechanisms. METHODS: Two-mo- and 20-mo-old rats were treated with GBE/saline for 3 mo. Liver tissue samples from 5-mo-old rats treated with saline (group Y) and 23-mo-old rats treated with GBE (group E) or saline (group N) were used for histopathological examinations (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, Lipofuscin staining-Schmorl staining) and determination of expression of tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Blood samples were collected for determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin. RESULTS: Microscopic studies with Masson staining revealed mild liver fibrosis in aged rats (group N), while the livers of aged rats receiving GBE (group E) showed amelioration in fibrosis (2.2±0.1 vs2.8±0.1, P＜0.01) and deposition of lipofuscin (33.7±5.3 vs62.8±5.7, P＜0.01). The expression of TIMP-1 and the level of liver MDA (1.0±0.1 vs1.2±0.2,P＜0.05) also decreased but the activity of GPx (97.1±15.3 vs61.8±14.5, P＜0.01) increased in group E. Compared with group Y, the level of liver MDA (0.8±0.1 vs1.2±0.2, P＜0.01), lipofuscin (32.4±6.0 vs 62.8±5.7, P＜0.01) and TIMP-1 expression were increased, while the activity of GPx (103.2±17.6 vs61.8±14.5, P＜0.01) and SOD (16.7±4.4 vs11.8±3.9, P＜0.05) was decreased in group N. There was no difference in liver function among these three groups. CONCLUSION: GBE has protective effects on aging liver. The possible mechanisms might be its antioxidant activity and inhibition of TIMP-1 expression.     

基质金属蛋白酶-13在大鼠酒精性肝纤维化表达的研究

目的 观察大鼠酒精性肝纤维化形成过程中MMP—13的表达,探讨MMP—13在酒精性肝纤维化发生、发展中的作用。 方法 56％(v/v)的白酒平均以7 g/kg的剂量每日早晨灌胃1次制备肝纤维化模型,灌胃4周、12周及24周采用股静脉放血法分别处死大鼠,采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT—PCR)检测MMP—13 mRNA的表达。 结果 研究表明,正常肝脏表达MMP—13 mRNA(0.24±0.41),白酒灌胃4周后其mRNA表达逐渐上升(0.62±0.54),但与对照组相比差异无显著性,至12周肝组织中MMP—13 mRNA表达较正常组显著增加(1.6 5±0.47),两组比较差异有显著性(t=-4.36 3,P<0.01)。而至24周,大鼠肝组织中MMP—13 mRNA表达(0.39±0.25)又下降至与正常组相似,两组比较差异无显著性。 结论 MMP—13可能参与酒精性肝纤维化早期基质的降解,且其表达存在明显的窗口期。     

重组人肝再生增强因子对5/6肾切除大鼠肾组织MMP-9、TIMP-1及Collgen-Ⅳ表达的影响

目的探讨重组人肝再生增强因子(rhALR)是否可以通过影响基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)及Ⅳ型胶原(Collgen-Ⅳ)的表达,来延缓肾小球硬化。方法雄性SD大鼠分为假手术组、对照组及rhALR组,以rhALR对5/6肾切除所致慢性肾衰竭大鼠进行干预。结果与假手术组比较,对照组肾小球硬化指数增大,Collgen-Ⅳ、TIMP-1表达增加,MMP-9表达减少(P均<0.05);外源性给予rhALR能降低TIMP-1表达,增加MMP-9表达,减轻Collgen-Ⅳ的沉积,改善肾小球硬化(P均<0.05)。结论 rhALR可通过上调MMP-9/TIMP-1比例减少Collgen-Ⅳ积聚而改善肾小球硬化,保护残肾功能。     

Expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in rats with hepatic fibrosis

AIM: To investigate the location and expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the liver of normal and experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS: The rat models of experimental immunity hepatic fibrosis (n=20) were prepared by the means of immunologic attacking with human serum albumin (HSA),and normal rats (n=10) served as control group. Both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methods were respectively used to detect the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and related antigens in liver. The liver tissue was detected to find out the gene expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 related antigens in livers of experimental group were expressed in myofibroblasts and fibroblasts (TIMP-1: 482&#177;65 vs 60&#177;20; TIMP-2:336&#177;48 vs 50&#177;19, P&lt;0.001). This was the most obvious in portal area and fibrous septum. The positive signals were located in cytoplasm, not in nucleus. Such distribution and location were confirmed bysitu hybridization (TIMP-1/β-actin: 1.86&#177;0.47 vs 0.36&#177;0.08; TIMP-2/β-actin: 1.06&#177;0.22 vs 0.36&#177;0.08,P&lt;0.001). The expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was seen in the liver of normal rats, but the expression level was very low. However, the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the liver of experimental group was obviously high. CONCLUSION: In the process of hepatic fibrosis, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the major cells that express TIMPs.The more serious the hepatic fibrosis is in the injured liver,the higher the level of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 gene expression.     

Disruption of tissue-type plasminogen activator gene in mice aggravated liver fibrosis

Background and Aim:  Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the major components in the matrix proteolytic network whose role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tPA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver fibrosis.
Methods:  Wild-type and tPA knockout mice (8 mice per group) were injected interperitoneumly with 25% CCl₄ 2 ml/kg twice per week as CCl₄ administration groups and olive oil 2 ml/kg as controls. After 4 weeks, the livers of mice were removed under deep anesthesia and prepared for further studies such as histology, immunostaining, hydroxyproline assay, zymography and western blot analysis.
Results:  Mice lacking tPA developed more severe morphological injury and displayed an increased deposition of collagen in the liver after CCl₄ administration compared with wild-type counterparts. Deficiency of tPA increased α-smooth muscle actin expression in the mice livers. On the other hand, the decrease of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities, metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression and a marked increase of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression were found in the liver of CCl₄ administrated tPA^−/− mice compared with wild-type counterparts.
Conclusions:  Deficiency of tPA aggravated liver fibrosis through promoting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and inhibiting ECM degradation by decreasing MMP-2, MMP-9 activities and disrupting the balance between MMP-13 and TIMP-1.     

环孢素A对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾脏基质金属蛋白酶-2和基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响

目的 观察免疫抑制剂环孢素A(CsA)对糖尿病大鼠肾脏基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠74只,平均体重250 g,采用数字表法随机分为正常对照组(n=10)、单纯糖尿病组(n=8)、胰岛素治疗组(n=9)、造模前低剂量CsA治疗组(n=9;造模前1周皮下注射1μg·g-1·d-1 CsA)、造模前中剂量CsA治疗组(n=8;造模前1周皮下注射4μg·g-1·d-1CsA)、造模前高剂量CsA治疗组(n=8;造模前1周皮下注射8μg·g-1·d-1CsA)、造模后低剂量CsA治疗组(n=8;造模后1周皮下注射1μg·g-1·d-1CsA)、造模后中剂量CsA治疗组(n=7;造模后1周皮下注射4μg·g-1·d-1 CsA)和造模后高剂量CsA治疗组(n=7;造模后1周皮下注射8μg·g-1·d-1 CsA).8周后处死动物,采用免疫组织化学法、逆转录-聚合酶链反应和Western blot检测肾脏MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平.采用单因素方差分析和直线相关分析进行统计学分析.结果 8周时,单纯糖尿病组24 h尿微量蛋白显著高于正常对照组[分别为(5.80±3.23)、(1.24±0.21)mg/24 h,F=4.229,P＜0.01];各CsA治疗组24 h尿微量蛋白不同程度降低,与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义.单纯糖尿病组肾小管上皮细胞和肾小球系膜基质MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA(分别为2.22±0.08、2.55±1.10)和蛋白表达(分别为3.1±1.5、2.8±1.0)显著高于正常对照组(MMP-2 mRNA:0.70±0.26,F=6.031;MMP-9 mRNA:0.37±0.24,F=5.193;MMP-2蛋白:1.0±0.0,F=7.532;MMP-9蛋白:1.0±0.0,F=6.100;均P＜0.01).胰岛素治疗对其表达无影响,但CsA干预可下调MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白的异常表达.MMP-2 mRNA与蛋白表达呈显著正相关(r=0.618,P＜0.01),而MMP-9 mRNA与蛋白表达未见相关性(r=0.420,P＞0.05).结论 CsA可减少糖尿病大鼠肾脏MMP-2和MMP-9基因转录和蛋白表达,改善细胞外基质代谢紊乱,可能具有延缓糖尿病肾病发生的作用.     

Dynamic changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, TIMPs, during hepatic fibrosis induced by alcohol in rats

AIM: To determine the dynamic changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs inhibitors (TIMPs) during hepatic fibrosis induced by alcohol.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, 4 d, 2 wk, 4 wk, 9 wk and 11 wk groups, and the model rats were fed with a mixture of alcohol by gastric infusion at the designed time, respectively, then decollated and their livers were harvested for the examination of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by immunohistochemistry, zymograghy and Western blotting, respectively.RESULTS: Normal rats had moderate expression of MMP-2,which was decreased in the model rats except in the 11 wk group, where MMP-2 expression slightly increased. MMP-3 had the similar changing pattern to MMP-2 despite weaker expression. MMP-9 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, rose in the 4 wk group, decreased again in the 9 wk group and returned to normal levels in the 11 wk group.MMP-13 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups,and returned to normal levels in the 4 wk, 9 wk and 11 wk groups. TIMP-1 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, but sharply increased in the 4 wk group and sustained at a high level even after modeling was stopped for 2 wk. In normal rats TIMP-2 expression was strong. However, it decreased as soon as modeling began, and then gradually rose, but remained to a level lower than that in normal rats even after modeling was stopped for 2 wk.CONCLUSION: MMP-2 may not always expresses at a high level during hepatic fibrosis. MMP-13 and MMP-3 are acutely affected by TIMP-1. In this model TIMP-1 is the most powerful factor imposed on capillarization and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. TIMP-2 is the most effective regulator on the metabolism of type Ⅳ collagen located in the basement of sinus.     

Urokinase plasminogen activator stimulates function of active forms of stromelysin and gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in cirrhotic tissue

BACKGROUND: The authors' previous data support the notion that adenoviral-driven urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) expression results in reversion of experimental liver cirrhosis. The specific aim of the present study was to decipher the mechanisms involved in the regulation by endogenous/gene-delivered u-PA of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and related proteins engaged in degradation of excessive hepatic connective tissue. METHODS: Tissue slices from cirrhotic rat livers were incubated with u-PA-rich supernatants from 24-h-cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by western blot and biologic activity. The HSC that discontinued u-PA production were transfected with the adenovector Adu-PA and serum-free supernatants evaluated for proteolytic activity by MMP-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and TIMP-1 mRNA levels were also evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endogenous u-PA from cultured HSC significantly induced the active forms of MMP-2 (68 kDa) and MMP-9 (78 kDa) in cirrhotic tissue slices. The TIMP-1 molecular forms demonstrated that u-PA pushed the presence of 'free' TIMP-1 (not complexed with MMP; 71%) in cirrhotic tissue. When non-producing u-PA-HSC were transfected with adenoviral vector coding for the functional human protein u-PA (Adhu-PA), an overactivation of MMP-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (800%, 48% and 100%, respectively) was found as compared with HSC transfected with control adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP). Finally, gene expression of collagen I, TGF-beta1, PAI-1 and TIMP-1 were downregulated by Adhu-PA action as well.     

大鼠肝纤维化形成中基质金属蛋白酶2、9活性变化的病理意义

目的探讨大鼠肝纤维化形成中基质金属蛋白酶2、9(MMP 2、MMP 9)活性变化及其病理意义.方法采用二甲基亚硝胺4周1 2次腹腔注射制作大鼠肝纤维化模型,分别于造模后1、2、3 d、1、2、4、6、8周作为动态观察时相点;MMP-2和MM P-9活性测定采用酶谱法,透射电镜观察肝组织超微结构,免疫组织化学观察肝窦壁Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)、层黏连蛋白(LN)和Ⅰ型胶原(C I)表达,weste rn blot方法测定肝组织金属组织蛋白酶抑制剂2(TIMP 2)含量.结果造模后第2、3天,MMP 2、MMP 9活性(灰度值)显著增加(2 dMMP-2正常对照组为54.72±4.56,模型组为70.76±7.63,F=16.27,P＜0.05;MMP-9分别为25.72±4.29和51.76±15.33,F=13.38,P＜0.05).肝窦壁CⅣ(阳性面积比%)在造模第2、3天直至1周显著减少(2 d正常对照组为6.06±1.35,模型组为2.86±0.63,F=69.12,P＜0.05),4周末则显著增加(正常对照组为6.06±1.35,模型组为8.04±1.50,F=14.42,P＜0.05).MMP-9活性与肝窦壁CⅣ表达量呈显著负相关(r=-0.729,P＜0.05);肝窦壁LN沉积4周末达峰值;正常肝窦壁无C I表达,造模4周后肝窦壁C I呈阳性染色; 4周模型大鼠可见完整的基底膜形成;肝纤维化后期TIM P 2表达异常增加.结论早期MMP 9(主要的)、MMP 2活性升高,降解肝窦内皮细胞下正常分布的CⅣ,是肝窦毛细血管化形成的重要因素;后期T I M P-2表达增加,可能是该模型肝纤维化不易自行消退的原因之一.     

实验性肝纤维化基质金属蛋白酶-2基因表达与酶活性的变化

目的探讨肝组织基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-2(TIMP-2) 与肝纤维化发展的关系。方法大鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型组。模型组以二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)腹腔内注射,正常对照组以等渗盐水代替腹腔内注射。分别于第1、4、10、17、28、42、56天分批处死大鼠。留取的肝脏组织做HE与Masson染色,按0-4期标准判定肝纤维化程度,测定羟脯氨酸含量,用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测MMP-2和TIMP-2 mRNA,用酶谱法检测MMP-2的酶活性。结果模型组大鼠肝组织MMP-2 mRNA的表达在动物实验后第10天开始显著高于正常对照组,并保持高水平表达直至动物实验结束;MMP-2活性在动物实验后1d即明显高于正常对照组,并随着实验的进行酶活性增高越明显,在停止DMN损伤后,仍呈高水平表达直至实验结束。TIMP-2 mRNA 17d后表达水平开始下降,到28 d左右时降到最低点,此后表达水平迅速上升,到42 d左右时上升到最高峰,明显高于正常对照水平,保持到动物实验结束。TIMP-2/MMP-2从第10天开始较正常对照明显降低,并随着肝纤维化的发展保持这种显著低于正常对照的水平直至动物实验结束。结论在肝纤维化形成过程中,MMP-2的表达增高,而TIMP-2的表达相对于MMP-2过于低下,从而使MMP-2的酶活性得不到抑制而增高,促进了肝纤维化的不断形成与发展。     

冠心病患者外周血单个核细胞基质金属蛋白酶9/组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1及磷酸化c-Jun蛋白表达改变与冠状动脉病变特征的相关性

目的 结合冠状动脉造影结果 ,探讨冠心病患者外周血单个核细胞基质金属蛋白酶9、组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1和磷酸化c-Jun蛋白表达水平改变与冠状动脉病变特征的关系.方法 40例经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者分为急性冠状动脉综合征组(n=24)和稳定型心绞痛组(n=16).另选取同期经冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉病变患者15例为对照组.采用免疫印迹法分别检测外周血单个核细胞基质金属蛋白酶9、组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1和磷酸化c-Jun蛋白表达水平,计算基质金属蛋白酶9/组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1比值,并结合Gensini冠状动脉病变积分标准评价其与冠状动脉管腔病变程度的线性关系及其在反映冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性中的作用.结果 ①急性冠状动脉综合征组基质金属蛋白酶9、组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1、磷酸化c-Jun蛋白表达水平及基质金属蛋白酶9/组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1比值较稳定型心绞痛组和对照组明显增高(均P<0.001).②基质金属蛋白酶9、磷酸化c-Jun及基质金属蛋白酶9/组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1比值与Gensini冠状动脉病变积分呈正相关(r分别为0.433、0.476和0.457,均P<0.01);组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1蛋白表达水平与Gensini冠状动脉病变积分无相关性.③磷酸化c-Jun与基质金属蛋白酶9蛋白表达水平呈显著正相关(r=0.839,P<0.001).结论 ①急性冠状动脉综合征患者基质金属蛋白酶9、组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂1蛋白表达水平较稳定型心绞痛患者明显增高,其比例严重失调,反映了急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉管腔病变程度更为复杂且血管壁具有更多易损斑块;②核转录因子c-Jun活化可能参与了动脉粥样硬化中基质金属蛋白酶9表达的调控.     

白细胞介素-10对急性心肌梗死后细胞外基质重构影响的实验研究

目的 观察白细胞介素-10(IL-10)对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心肌基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、9,金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(TIMP)-1表达及胶原代谢的作用,探讨其对急性心肌梗死后心肌基质重构的影响.方法 18只大鼠随机分为假手术组、MI/AAV2转染组作为对照和MI/AAV2-IL-10转染组,每组6只.结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支建立急性心肌梗死动物模型,同时应用基因重组2型腺相关病毒(AAV-2)携带IL-10基因转染心肌组织.RT-PCR和ELISA观察心肌IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达.逆转录聚合酶链反应、免疫印迹法、明胶酶谱、免疫组化检测转染后心肌组织表达MMP-2、9,TIMP-1,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原水平的变化.结果 心肌梗死5 d后,MI/AAV2-IL-10组检测到IL-10 mRNA和蛋白的表达;MI/AAV2组较假手术组心肌MMP-2、9,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达明显升高;而MI/AAV2-IL-10组较MI/AAV2组梗死心肌各部位MMP-2、9表达减少,TIMP-1表达升高,其中,梗死边缘区的MMP-2表达降低14.6%(P＜0.01),MMP-9降低24.7%(P＜0.01),TIMP-1升高73.1%(P＜0.01),Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达分别下降了47.6%(P＜0.01)、23.6%(P＜0.05),Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原比值下降.结论 IL-10通过对MMP/TIMP的作用,改善大鼠急性心肌梗死后心肌胶原沉积和组织重构.     

金属蛋白酶-2和金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1与糖尿病肾病关系的实验研究

目的　观察链脲佐菌素 (STZ)实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏基质金属蛋白酶 2 (MMP 2 )及金属蛋白酶组织抑制物 1(TIMP 1)蛋白的表达及功能、形态学改变 ,探讨MMP 2、TIMP 1在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生机制中的意义。　方法　 2 0只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为糖尿病组和正常对照组 ,分别于第1、2、4、6、8周测定尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAER) ,第 9周用Western印迹方法检测MMP 2、TIMP 1蛋白表达水平 ,电镜观察肾小球基底膜厚度 (GBMT)。　结果　糖尿病组较正常组TIMP 1蛋白表达明显增加 ,MMP 2蛋白表达显著降低 (P <0 .0 1)。 4、6、8周UAER显著增加 ,GBMT明显增厚 (P <0 .0 1)。电镜发现糖尿病组肾小球基底膜弥慢性增厚 ,局部有系膜细胞插入和双轨征。　结论　持续高血糖可使大鼠肾脏MMP 2下降 ,TIMP 1增加。导致肾小球基底膜增厚 ,UAER增加。MMP 2、TIMP 1失衡可能对糖尿病肾病功能和形态学改变有重要意义。     

Ginkgo biloba extract reverses CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats

AIM: To study the reversing effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on established liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Following confirmation of CCI4-induced liver fibrosis, GbE or saline was administrated to the rats for 4 weeks. The remaining rats received neither CCI 4 norGbE as normal control. The four groups were compared in terms of serum enzymes, tissue damage, expression of αSMA and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). RESULTS: Compared with saline-treated group, liver fibrosis rats treated with GbE had decreased serum total bilirubin (P&lt;0.01) and aminotransferase levels (P&lt;0.01) and increased levels of serum albumin (P&lt;0.01). Microscopic studies revealed that the livers of rats receiving GbE showed allieviation in fibrosis (P&lt;0.05) as well as expression of αSMA (P&lt;0.01). The liver collagen and reticulum contents were lower in rats treated with GbE than saline-treated group (P&lt;0.01). RT-PCR revealed that the level of TIMP-1 decreased while the level of MMP-1 increased in GbE group. CONCLUSION: Administration of GbE improved CCI4-induced liver fibrosis. It is possibly attributed to its effect of inhibiting the expression of TIMP-1 and promoting the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells.     

大鼠脑出血后血肿周围基质金属蛋白酶2和9及其组织抑制剂1的表达

目的观察大鼠脑出血后血肿周围组织基质金属蛋白酶2、9（MMP-2、MMP-9）及其组织抑制剂1（TIMP-1）的表达规律,探讨它们与脑出血后脑水肿的关系。方法取成年雄性SD大鼠156只,随机分为假手术组（18只）和脑出血组（138只）,脑出血组再分为出血后1、3、6、12、24、36、48、72h和7d亚组（每组15只）。采用自体血注入法建立大鼠脑出血模型,分别用脑组织伊文思蓝（EB）含量测血-脑屏障通透性,用干-湿重法测定脑组织的含水量,用Western blot法观察血肿周围MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达规律。每组3只大鼠用于透射电镜观察脑组织病理学形态。结果①血肿周围脑组织的含水量和EB含量在造模后1h起开始增高,48h达到高峰,各时点（除外术后7d的脑组织含水量）与假手术组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0.01）。②在脑出血后1h,同侧基底核MMP-2开始表达,24h达到高峰,48h前各时点与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后48h恢复正常;MMP-9在脑出血后6h开始表达,48h达到高峰,7d前各时点与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后7d恢复正常;TIMP-1在脑出血后12～36h表达降低,与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0.01）。③同侧基底核脑组织含水量与EB含量（r=0.940,P〈0.01）、MMP-9表达（r=0.913,P〈0.01）、1～24h MMP-2表达（r=0.903,P〈0.05）呈正相关;与1～24hTIMP-1表达（r=-0.922,P〈0.05）呈负相关。EB含量与MMP-2表达呈正相关（r=0.930,P〈0.01）,与1～24hTIMP-1表达呈负相关（r=-0.950,P〈0.05）。④电镜观察显示,大鼠脑出血后48h,基底核区脑组织血管内皮基底膜遭到明显破坏。结论大鼠脑出血后血肿周围组织MMP-2、MMP-9的表达增加而TIMP-1表达减低,使MMPs与TIMPs之间的平衡遭到破坏,基底膜破坏增加,促进脑水肿的形成。     

Effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in fibrotic liver of rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Danshao Huaxian (DSHX) capsules, a preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the fibrous livers of rats. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group A), CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis group (group B), non-DSHX-treated group (group C), low dose-treated group (group D), and high dose-treated group (group E). Fibrous liver models in rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of CCl4, oral administration of alcohol and high-lipid/low-protein diet for 8 wk. After the models were established, the rats in groups D and E were orally given a low dose (0.5 g/kg) and a high dose (1.0 g/kg) of DSHX daily for 8 wk, respectively. Then, the liver indexes, serum hyaluronic acid (HA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were examined. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by optical microscopy. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the urine was determined, and the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 was detected by immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: In groups D and E, the liver indexes, levels of serum HA and ALT reduced and development of hepatic fibrosis weakened significantly. The urinary Hyp and expression of MMP-1 in the liver tissues elevated, but the expression of TIMP-1 decreased obviously, as compared to groups B and C. CONCLUSION: DSHX enhances the expression of MMP-1 but decreases that of TIMP-1 in liver tissues of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrotic rats, which may result in its elevated activity that contributes to fighting against hepatic fibrosis.     

Effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia on the regulation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hepatic stellate cells

AIM To study the effects of hypoxia,hyperoxia on theregulation of expression and activity of matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in hepatic stellate cells(HSC).METHODS The expressions of MMP-2,tissue inhibitor ofmatrix metalloproteinass-2 (TIMP-2) and membrane typematrix matalloproteinass-1 (MT1-MMP) in cultured rat HSCwere detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and in situhybridization (ISH).The contents of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 inculture supernatant were detected with ELISA and theactivity of MMP-2 in supernatant was revealed byzymography.RESULTS In the situation of hypoxia for 12h,theexpression of MMP-2 protein was enhanced (hypoxiagroup positive indexes:5.7±2.0,n=10;control:3.2±1.0,n=7;P<0.05),while TIMP-2 protein was decreasedin HSC (hypoxla group positive indexes:2.5±0.7,n=10;control:3.6±1.0,n=7;P<0.05),and the activity(total A) of MMP-2 in suparnatant declined obviously(hypoxla group:7.334±1.922,n=9;control:17.277±7.424,n=11;P<0.01).Compared the varied duration ofhypoxia,the changes of expressions Including mRNA andprotein level as well as activity of MMP-2 were mostnotable in 6 h group.The highest value (Ahypoxla~-Acontrol) ofthe protein and the most intense signal of mRNA were inthe period of hypoxia for 6 h,along with the lowestactivity of MMP-2.In the situation of hyparoxia for 12 h,the contents (A_(450)) of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in supernatantwere both higher than those in the control,especially theTIMP-2 (hyperoxla group:0.0499±0.0144,n=16;control:0.0219±0.0098,n=14;P<0.01),and so wasthe activity of MMP-2 (hyperoxia group:5.252±0.771,n=14;control:4.304±1.083,n=12;P<0.05),and the expression of MT1-MMP was increased.CONCLUSION HSC is sensitive to the oxygen,hypoxiaenhances the expression of MMP-2 and the effect is moremarked at the early stage;hyperoxia mainly raises theactivity of MMP-2.     

Antifibrotic effects of interleukin-10 on experimental hepatic fibrosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the effects of interleukin-10 on hepatic stellate cells and liver tissue in experimental rats hepatic fibrosis. METHODOLOGY: Rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride was established. Liver tissues were harvested from the rats administered CCl4 with or without IL-10 treatment and the animals of the control group. The expression of TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the liver tissues was measured by S-P immunohistochemistry. In addition, another model was established; HSCs in rats in each group were isolated. RT-PCR was employed to analyze TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA expression in cells and immunocytochemistry was performed to detect protein expression of alpha-SMA, NF-kappaB, TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in HSCs. RESULTS: Rat hepatic fibrosis was developed successfully. The fibrosis changes were partially reversed by simultaneous administration of IL-10. The positive signals of TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were observed more frequently (P<0.05) in the CCl4-treated group compared to those in the IL-10-treated group and the control group. HSCs were successfully isolated. TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in HSCs increased obviously during the course of hepatic fibrosis, and their levels were decreased after the treatment with IL-10 (P<0.05). The immunocytochemistry positive levels for TGF-beta1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, alpha-SMA and NF-kappaB in the fibrogenesis group were increased significantly compared to the normal group (P<0.01). The positive signals decreased significantly (P<0.05) after the treatment with IL-10. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 increased in liver or in HSC of hepatic fibrosis rats and decreased after treatment with IL-10. The IL-10 could inhibit the activation of HSCs and make an antifibrogenic process come into effect in this way.     

氯沙坦协同辛伐他汀对心力衰竭大鼠心室基质金属蛋白酶2、9及其组织抑制因子1、2基因表达的影响

目的 探讨心力衰竭(心衰)时心脏基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、9(MMP-9)及其组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)、2(TIMP-2)基因表达及其与心肌纤维化的关系.方法 用降主动脉缩窄术建立心衰模型.SD大鼠随机分成6组.分别在氯沙坦5 mg/kg、辛伐他汀2 mg/kg以及两药合用(联合投药组)投药后1、3,5周动态测定左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径及左室后壁厚度、左室短轴缩短率.ELISA法检测B型利钠肽浓度.Masson染色观察心肌胶原情况.RT-PCR法检测心室MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1、TIMP-2基因表达.结果 投药后5周各组胶原容积分数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),投药各组较降主动脉缩窄(模型)组下降(P<0.05),尤其联合投药组下降更明显(P<0.01).MMP-2 mRNA和MMP-9 mBNA在投药各组与模型组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但TIMP-1 mRNA和TIMP-2 mRNA在投药各组明显低于模型组(P<0.01),联合投药组降低更明显(P<0.05).结论 心衰模型大鼠MMP-2 mRNA、MMP-9 mRNA和TIMP-1 mRNA、TIMP-2 mRNA表达升高可能是压力负荷大鼠心肌胶原含量增加的分子机制之一,氯沙坦、辛伐他汀以及联合投药均能下调TIMP-1 mRNA、TIMP-2 mRNA水平,缓解心肌重构,尤其联合投药组效果更明显.