三氧化二砷诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡实验研究

目的：研究三氧化二砷（As2O3）在体外是否具有抗鼠胶质瘤作用,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法：应用不同浓度As2O3,且在不同时间点分别处理C6胶质瘤细胞株及原代培养的正常鼠神经胶质细胞,采用甲基噻唑基四唑（MTT）法,观察As2O3对C6胶质瘤细胞株及正常鼠神经胶质细胞生长的影响,以透射电镜、Hoechst33342和碘化丙啶（PI）双重荧光染色检测两种细胞凋亡的形态变化,并用异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记的Annexin-V和PI双标记法通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果：MTT法发现,As2O30.5～8.0μmol/L的浓度均可显著抑制C6胶质瘤细胞株的生长,而对正常原代神经胶质细胞株的抑制作用较弱。经As2O3作用后,透射电镜、Hoechst33342/PI双染荧光均观察到C6胶质瘤细胞发生了显著的凋亡形态改变;运用Annexin-V-FITC/PI双标记法在流式细胞仪检测显示,随As2O3浓度的增大和时间的延长,C6胶质瘤细胞株的凋亡率明显上升,而正常神经胶质细胞的凋亡率要明显小于C6胶质瘤细胞株。结论：As2O3在体外可显著抑制C6胶质瘤细胞株生长,其机制与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关,且凋亡率随As2O3作用的时间和剂量的增加而增加。但As2O3对正常神经胶质细胞生长的抑制作用较弱,提示As2O3抑制细胞生长的作用具有一定的选择性。     

年轻成年GFP大鼠嗅鞘细胞的分离培养与形态学特征

目的 建立年轻成年GFP大鼠嗅鞘细胞(OECs)的分离培养方法 ,为OECs移植治疗脊髓损伤奠定基础. 方法 解剖显微镜下、无菌环境取2.5月龄的GFP大鼠嗅球最外层,经酶消化法分散后将细胞接种于含20%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基中.定期进行光电镜观察并摄片.在培养第10天进行S-100和NGFRp75的免疫细胞化学染色鉴定,并计算OECs的纯度. 结果 培养的GFP-OECs在荧光显微镜下呈绿色强荧光,形态以双极、多突起形为主,呈S-100、NGFR p75阳性,纯度在95%以上.电镜下形态与光镜下一致,但细胞结构更为精细. 结论 本文所用方法 简便易行,可分离出高纯度的GFP-OECs,其形态学特征与生物学活性无变异.源自GFP转基因大鼠的OECs可以作为一种有效的工具细胞,广泛应用于OEC在脊髓损伤修复中的研究.     

用于移植的嗅鞘细胞的纯化培养方法研究

目的 探讨移植用成年大鼠嗅球嗅鞘细胞(OECs)的培养和纯化方法.方法 取成年SD大鼠嗅球,将分离消化所得细胞悬液进行接种.然后分别于接种后2 h、6 h和18 h 3个时间点进行单步骤差速贴壁法去除成纤维细胞,纯化嗅鞘细胞,纯化培养约11 d时采用神经生长因子受体P75(NGFRP75)和碘化丙啶(PI)双染OECs并对其纯度及细胞数量进行免疫荧光鉴定分析.结果 纯化培养11 d后在共聚焦显微镜下呈双染阳性的细胞为OECs,数量级达106/mL,形态以梭形、双极或三极突起为主,亦有少量多极或单极细胞.2 h、6 h和18 h组嗅鞘细胞纯度分别为(53±5)%、(73±8)%和(69±13)%,组间差异有统计学意义(F=11.766,P<0.001). 结论分别经2、6、18 h单步骤差速贴壁法纯化的OECs在纯度和数量级上均可满足移植用细胞的要求,且方法简单、经济、快捷.     

三氧化二砷诱导9L胶质瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的研究三氧化二砷（As2O3）对鼠胶质瘤生长的影响及其机制。方法应用不同浓度As2O3,分别处理9L胶质瘤细胞株不同时间,采用四甲基噻唑蓝比色（MTT）法观察As2O3对9L胶质瘤细胞生长的影响,以透射电镜、Hoechst 33342/PI双染荧光及流式细胞仪检测9L胶质瘤细胞凋亡。结果不同浓度的As2O3均可显著抑制9L胶质瘤细胞株的生长。As2O3作用可引起9L胶质瘤细胞的凋亡,且随As2O3浓度的增大和作用时间的延长,9L胶质瘤细胞的凋亡率明显上升。结论As2O3在体外可显著抑制9L胶质瘤细胞生长,其机制与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关,且其凋亡率随As2O3作用的时间延长和剂量的增加而增加。     

砷剂对胶质瘤细胞的促凋亡作用

目的 研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)对不同胶质瘤细胞系的作用以及机制.方法 应用MTT法观察As2O3对细胞生长的影响,并用透射电镜、Hoechst 33342/PI双染荧光和TUNEL观察C6胶质瘤细胞与9L胶质肉瘤细胞凋亡的形态变化;Annexin-v-FITC/PI双标记法检测细胞凋亡率.结果 MTF法发现As2O3在0.5-8.0μmol/L的浓度均可显著抑制C6与9L胶质瘤细胞株的生长;透射电镜、Hoechst 33342/PI双染荧光和TUNEL观察均显示两种胶质瘤细胞发生了显著的凋亡形态改变;Annexin-v-FITC/PI法检测显示随As2O3浓度的增大和时间的延长,C6与9L胶质瘤细胞株的凋亡率明显上升,而在相同时间及浓度下9L胶质瘤细胞株凋亡率要小于C6胶质瘤细胞株.结论 As3O3可诱导C6和9L胶质瘤细胞株产生凋亡,并且其作用具有选择性.     

移植人羊膜细胞对大鼠创伤性脑损伤的实验研究

目的 探究大鼠TBI后脑内移植人羊膜细胞（HACs）对大鼠运动功能的影响。方法 HACs经分离、Hoechst33342标记后重悬调整细胞浓度为10^5/μl；采用改进的Feeney自由落体法打击大鼠脑皮层后肢运动区域，损伤后24h经微量注射器和立体定向仪将Hoechst33342标记的HACs 10μl分别移植于挫伤灶中心和挫伤灶边缘；在TBI后的28d内采用钉板平衡木行走测试大鼠运动功能变化，运动功能检测结束后取出脑组织行组织学检测。结果 治疗组滑落脚步数明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）；移植的HACs呈蓝色荧光；部分移植HACs可见MAP-2阳性表达。结论 移植HACs使大鼠TBI后运动功能明显改善。     

胰酶限时消化在嗅鞘细胞培养中的运用

目的探索出一套高效、实用的大鼠嗅球嗅鞘细胞(OECs)的培养和纯化方案。方法分离SD大鼠嗅球的外两层组织,剪切消化成细胞悬液进行接种。采用3种方法进行OECs的培养和纯化:(1)A组分别经6h、24h两次差速贴壁去除杂质细胞,培养至12d左右消化重悬细胞进行爬片分析。(2)B组分别经6h、24h两次差速贴壁去除杂质细胞,培养至12d左右经胰酶限时消化,留成纤维细胞于瓶壁,重悬的细胞进行爬片分析。(3)C组采用经典的Nash法(分别经18h、36h两次差速贴壁去除杂质细胞),培养至11d左右消化重悬细胞进行爬片分析。采用NGFRP75与碘化丙啶(PI)双染的方法进行OECs的鉴定和纯度分析。结果在共聚焦显微镜下呈双染阳性的细胞为OECs,OECs多数突起细长,呈双极或三极,少量呈单极或多极。A、B、C组所纯化的OECs纯度分别为(67.3±6.2)%、(83.7±7.7)%和(74.6±9.5)%,3组间比较有统计学差异(F=13.633,P<0.01),B组所得OECs纯度均较另两组高(P<0.05)。结论经6h、24h两次差速贴壁+胰酶限时消化可以获得较高纯度的OECs,能够满足动物实验的需要。     

不同组织来源人嗅神经鞘细胞生物学与免疫学特性的对比研究

目的 比较成人嗅球与嗅黏膜来源的嗅神经鞘细胞(OECs)的生物学与免疫学特性,探讨后者取代前者行细胞或组织移植治疗的可行性. 方法 分别分离、培养、纯化两种来源的OECs,应用MTT法测定细胞活力,结合对比骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的免疫特性,应用免疫细胞化学染色、定量技术、流式细胞术、双向混合淋巴细胞反应等方法来比较分析不同组织来源的人OECs的生物学与免疫学特性.结果 两种OECs开始分化时间相同,细胞形态基本一致:生长曲线与活力曲线均走行一致,曲线大部分重合;免疫细胞化学p75~(NTR)染色两者均呈阳性;流式分析两种OECs均不表达CD34与B7-1(CD80)、B7-2(CD86)、HLA-DR、CD40、CD40L等移植免疫标志:嗅球源性嗅神经鞘细胞组双向混合淋巴细胞反应抑制率(51.18%±6.01%)与嗅黏膜源性嗅神经鞘细胞组(51.00%±5.87%)、BMSCs组(52.79%±3.12%)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 成人嗅球与嗅黏膜来源的OECs在生物学与免疫学特性方面基本一致,可考虑使用来源更为便捷的成人嗅黏膜源性OECs代替嗅球源性OECs行细胞或组织移植治疗.     

染料木黄酮对C6胶质瘤细胞抑制作用的实验研究

目的通过观察染料木黄酮（genistein）抑制并诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用，探讨其对于胶质瘤治疗的可行性。方法采用MTT法、Hoechst33258荧光染色、流式细胞术和透射电镜方法，观察染料木黄酮抑制并诱导C6细胞凋亡作用。结果MTT法测得染料木黄酮对C6胶质瘤细胞的IC50值为18μg/ml，浓度为5～70μg/ml的染料木黄酮具有抑制C6胶质瘤细胞作用，且细胞抑制作用随药物浓度增加和作用时间延长而增加；流式细胞术、荧光染色以及电镜证实诱导凋亡及死亡是染料木黄酮抑制C6胶质瘤细胞的主要方式。结论异黄酮类化合物染料木黄酮具有诱导C6细胞凋亡和死亡的作用。提示染料木黄酮可以直接通过诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡和死亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

体外培养的嗅鞘细胞能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞

目的探讨体外培养的嗅鞘细胞(OECs)对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分化的影响。方法实验分为OECs MSCs共培养组和MSCs单独培养组,在7d和14d两时间点观察MSCs的分化情况。用p75抗体免疫细胞化学染色鉴定OECs细胞的纯度;用巢蛋白(nestin)、神经丝蛋白(NF)、微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)、胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、突触后膜致密区蛋白(PSD)等抗体免疫细胞化学染色鉴定已分化的细胞表型。结果体外培养的MSCs经OECs诱导后分化为神经元样细胞,这些细胞能够表达NF、MAP2和PSD等神经元标记物,而不表达星形胶质细胞标记物GFAP。在培养7d,MSCs OECs7d组的MSCs分化为神经元样细胞的百分率与MSCs7d组比较有明显增高。在培养14d,MSCs OECs14d组的MSCs分化为神经元样细胞的百分率与MSCs14d组比较,也有明显增高。结论体外培养的嗅鞘细胞能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。