北京部分市售整鸡中沙门菌和弯曲菌协同定量污染研究

目的对2013年北京部分市售整鸡样品中沙门菌和弯曲菌的定量污染水平、沙门菌血清型和弯曲菌种水平分布进行研究。方法 2013年5—7月采集北京市售整鸡样品33份,进行样品中沙门菌和弯曲菌的定量检测,并分别对沙门菌和弯曲菌进行血清分型和种水平鉴定。结果 19个样品检出沙门菌,检出率为57.6%;5个样品检出弯曲菌,检出率为15.2%;阳性样品中沙门菌和弯曲菌平均污染水平分别为119.4 MPN/100g和58.6 CFU/g。分离出的166株沙门菌被鉴定为14种血清型,最常见的为肠炎沙门菌,其次为印第安纳沙门菌。从同一样品中分离到共11种2个以上不同血清型组合的沙门菌,最常见的血清型组合为肠炎-印第安纳沙门菌。结论 2013年5—7月北京部分市售整鸡中沙门菌污染率较高、污染水平严重、血清型复杂。     

弯曲菌肠炎临床及流行病学分析

弯曲菌肠炎临床及流行病学分析岳爱军贾松梓王德俊赵新民胡红伟为了解新郑市空肠弯曲菌肠炎的临床及流行病学特征，１９９５年６月１６日———１９９６年６月１５日，我们在三个乡卫生院门诊，进行了为期一年的调查，调查结果如下：１．材料与方法１．１调查对象：日腹泻...     

陕西部分地区零售肉中沙门菌耐药的检测分析

目的 对陕西省西安市和杨凌示范区超级市场及农贸市场零售肉中沙门菌的药敏性进行检测分析.方法 采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会(National Committee of Clinical Laboratorystandard,NCCLS)推荐的琼脂稀释法,以大肠埃希菌ATCC25922和粪肠球菌ATCC29212为质控菌株,对193株沙门菌进行了7大类共14种抗生素的药敏性检测.结果 沙门菌分离株对磺胺甲嗯唑的抗性最高(44.6%),其次为卡那霉素(40.9%)、四环素(37.8%)、阿莫西林(26.9%)、氨苄西林(25.4%)、庆大霉素(23.3%)和氯霉素(21.8%)等;对氟喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率依次分别为环丙沙星22.3%、恩诺沙星21.8%、左氧氟沙星20.7%、加替沙星20.2%.55株(28.5%)沙门菌为多重耐药株,其中28株(14.5%)可耐至少13种抗生素,24株(12.4%)的耐药介于4到12种之间.结论 陕西西安地区零售肉沙门菌多重耐药现象比较严重.     

龙岩市5类食品中空肠和结肠弯曲菌监测

目的了解龙岩市部分市售食品中空肠和结肠弯曲菌的污染状况。方法在龙岩市新罗区北市场和韭菜园市场采集市售生畜禽肉类、生牛奶、生食蔬菜、鸡蛋、水产品5大类共180份食品样品。按照WHO推荐并作为《全国食品污染物监测相关实验室操作手册(食源性致病菌部分)》的弯曲菌检验方法,用加有生长促进剂和特定配方抗生素的布氏肉汤增菌,将增菌液划线接种至弯曲菌选择性琼脂CCDA平板,挑取可疑菌落转种在哥伦比亚血琼脂平板上纯化。纯化的可疑菌落做革兰染色镜检,湿片观察动力,同时做过氧化氢酶试验、氧化酶试验、马尿酸盐水解试验、吲哚乙酸酯试验等生化鉴定。结果检测5类180份食品,检出11株弯曲菌,检出率6.1%。其中生肉中检出10株,阳性率为为11.8%;水产品中检出1株,阳性率为3.3%。个别生肉MPN值达240 cfu/100 g。11株弯曲菌对1种抗生素的耐药性为54.5%,对2种抗生素的耐药性为36.4%,对3种抗生素的耐药性为18.2%。结论龙岩市生肉、水产品存在弯曲菌的污染。应加强禽畜养殖、屠宰、运输和加工过程的卫生管理,防止交叉污染,有效地预防和控制弯曲菌感染的暴发和流行。同时做好抗生素的管理和耐药性监测。     

沈阳市零售肉类中弯曲杆菌污染状况调查

目的了解大都市不同类型市场零售肉类弯曲杆菌污染状况。方法2003年1月~12月每月从沈阳市超级市场、农贸市场、街边市场采集零售生肉类样品,包括鸡肉、鸭肉、兔肉、猪肉和牛肉,分离检测弯曲杆菌(Campylobacterspp),分析不同肉类、不同市场类型、不同季节污染状况,应用PCR方法鉴定弯曲杆菌种类及其血清型。结果123份鸡肉样品中94%检出弯曲杆菌,85份鸭肉样品受污染的占96%,65份兔肉样品占97%,猪肉和牛肉样品中的污染相对较少,138份猪肉样品中占31%,89份牛肉样品中占35%。200份肉类样品共分离到弯曲杆菌525株,其中55%是空肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobacterjejuni),41%是大肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobactercoli),4%是其他类型的弯曲杆菌。结论超市样品弯曲杆菌污染率最低,街边市场销售的肉类污染率最高;零售肉类弯曲杆菌污染水平高于国外相关报道,应引起重视。     

2013年夏季北京市售整鸡沙门菌分离株耐药性及耐药机制研究

目的了解2013年夏季北京市售整鸡样品中分离的166株沙门菌耐药性及耐药机制。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法对166株沙门菌进行9类11种抗生素的耐药性检测,挑选头孢类耐药株进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测,并对环丙沙星和头孢噻肟双耐药株进行耐药机制分析。结果 94.6%(157/166)的沙门菌至少对一种抗生素耐药,多重耐药株占58.4%,对萘啶酸耐药率最高,为92.2%(153/166),其他依次为氨苄西林(48.8%)、氨苄西林-舒巴坦(44.0%)和四环素(44.0%)。共有27种耐药谱,常见的耐药谱为萘啶酸(n=46,29.3%)、萘啶酸-氨苄西林-氨苄西林/舒巴坦(n=28,17.8%)。47株头孢噻肟耐药株中有41株(87.2%)ESBLs阳性,其中有38株同时对环丙沙星耐药。这38株环丙沙星和头孢噻肟双耐药且ESBLs阳性的沙门菌中存在喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDRs)、质粒介导喹诺酮耐药(PMQR)和ESBLs等耐药机制,37株测试菌株的GyrA的第83位、87位氨基酸和ParC的57位、80位氨基酸存在不同程度突变。38株测试菌株均检测到不同种类和数量的PMQR基因,如qnrB、qnrS、oqxAB和aac(6’)-Ib-cr等,部分基因存在突变。主要存在的β-内酰胺酶类型为CTX-M型(35株)、TEM型(20株)和OXA型(36株),未检测到SHV型和AmpC型。结论北京市售整鸡中沙门菌整体耐药水平较严重,需强化对肉鸡养殖、屠宰、运输、销售等环节中沙门菌耐药性监测,分析耐药机理及传递机制,同时注意临床感染治疗用药监管。     

食品中沙门菌分布特征及耐药性研究

目的 了解佳木斯市食品中沙门菌污染状况及耐药性,为控制食源性疾病发生提供有效依据。方法 对各类食品样本进行分离鉴定,血清学分型确定沙门菌血清型,采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离的沙门菌进行药敏试验,PCR检测耐药基因。结果 在2 711份食品中分离出沙门菌70株,检出率为2.58%;血清型主要为肠炎沙门菌和阿贡纳沙门菌;59株沙门菌具有耐药性,耐药率为84.29%,包括15株单独耐药和44株多重耐药,耐药基因gyrA、tetA和sulⅠ携带率分别为59.32%、33.90%和10.17%,与耐药表型的符合率分别为74.47%、62.50%和40.00%。结论 佳木斯市生畜肉和生禽肉受沙门菌污染较严重,沙门菌存在多重耐药现象,耐药基因gyrA和tetA与耐药表型对应性较高,耐药基因可能是影响耐药表型的重要因素。     

肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜与细菌耐药性的关系分析

目的 分析首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院临床分离的肺炎克雷伯菌产生生物膜与耐药间的关系,为临床对该类菌的治疗提供依据.方法 收集北京世纪坛医院2011年3-5月临床分离的非重复肺炎克雷伯菌株,采用VITEK-2 compact鉴定系统进行菌株鉴定及药敏测定,半定量结晶紫法进行生物膜形成能力测定,卡方检验进行统计分析.结果 在140株菌中共有52株为生物膜阳性,占全部菌株的37.1％;生物膜阳性株对阿米卡星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨曲南的敏感率分别为44.2％、15.4％、28.8％、30.8％、11.5％;生物膜阴性菌对阿米卡星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨曲南的敏感率分别为80.6％、26.1％、35.2％、37.5％、35.2％;生物膜阳性菌与阴性菌对上述药物的敏感率差异有统计学意义.结论 肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜阳性菌与阴性菌对多种药物的敏感率差异有统计学意义.     

2018-2019年北京市门头沟区感染性腹泻患者便样本弯曲菌检测结果分析

目的 分析北京市门头沟区感染性腹泻患者粪便中弯曲菌的感染现况.方法 选择门头沟区就诊人数最多的两家医院,采集未用抗生素的腹泻患者粪便样本进行弯曲菌的分离培养和鉴定.结果 共采集745例腹泻患者粪便样本,检出47株弯曲菌,总体阳性率为6.31％.从患者性别来看,男女性阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.044,P=0...     

Incidence and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Campylobacter in retail chicken livers and gizzards

Campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of foodborne disease in the United States. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the two main species that are of concern to human health, and they cause approximately 95% of human infections. The number of studies investigating Campylobacter in chicken livers and gizzards is very limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in retail chicken livers and gizzards purchased from grocery stores in the Tulsa, Oklahoma, area and to further characterize the isolates obtained through antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 202 retail chilled chicken livers and gizzards (159 livers and 43 gizzards) were purchased on a weekly basis from several grocery stores. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken livers and gizzards was 136/202 (67%), where 69/202 (34%) of the samples were contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni and 66/202 (33%) with Campylobacter coli. While the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken livers was 77%, its prevalence in chicken gizzards was lower at 33%. The prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was slightly higher in chicken livers (36%) than gizzards (26%), while the prevalence of Campylobacter coli was significantly higher in the chicken livers (40%) than chicken gizzards (7%). The prevalence of resistance among C. jejuni and C. coli isolates recovered against 16 antimicrobials were as follows: amoxicillin (98%, 99%), ampicillin (32%, 55%), azithromycin (10%, 25%), cephalothin (92%, 99%), chloramphenicol (4%, 12%), ciprofloxacin (58%, 48%), clindamycin (5%, 19%), doxycycline (39%, 66%), erythromycin (6%, 32%), gentamicin (9%, 43%), kanamycin (11%, 43%), nalidixic acid (50%, 43%), oxytetracycline (99%, 100%), streptomycin (3%, 18%), tetracycline (37%, 60%), and tilmicosin (9%, 16%). Multidrug resistance was higher among Campylobacter coli than Campylobacter jejuni isolates.     

200株弯曲菌对抗生素敏感性研究

目的：了解近几年弯曲菌对抗生素的敏感性。方法：采用Kirby-Bauer法,分析了200株弯曲菌对30种抗生素做敏感性。结果：1994－1998年氨基糖苷类、硫霉素、多粘菌素B、克拉霉素、麦迪霉素均无耐药菌、红霉素耐药为1.9%-4.5%,喹诺酮类为30.2%-54.5%,且氟喹诺酮类之间有完全性交叉耐药;头孢一、二代无敏感菌株;三代耐药菌多在50％以上。结论：红霉素耐药菌5年来相对稳定,仍可作为治疗弯曲菌肠类的首选药物;首选氨基糖苷类、克拉霉素、交沙霉素;氟喹诺酮类、头孢类治疗效果差。     

应用PCR方法对生鸡肉中分离到的空肠弯曲菌进行鉴定

目的：对北京市市场销售的肉制品的空肠弯曲菌污染的状况进行调查,并建立快速的弯曲菌PCR鉴定的方法。方法：采用中国疾病预防控制中心下发的监测方法对北京市超市和集贸市场销售的鸡肉采集100件并进行检测,生化鉴定采用API Campy系统进行鉴定,同时采用针对空肠弯曲菌h ipO设计的引物对分离的弯曲菌进行鉴定。结果：共有4件检出空肠弯曲菌,采用PCR方法进行鉴定的结果与生化方法鉴定的结果一致。结论：在北京销售的鸡肉中存在空肠弯曲菌的污染,带菌率为4%,针对h ipO设计的引物可以对空肠弯曲菌进行快速鉴定。     

Campylobacter antimicrobial drug resistance among humans, broiler chickens, and pigs, France

We describe isolates from human Campylobacter infection in the French population and the isolates' antimicrobial drug resistance patterns since 1986 and compare the trends with those of isolates from broiler chickens and pigs from 1999 through 2004. Among 5,685 human Campylobacter isolates, 76.2% were C. jejuni, 17.2% C. coli, and 5.0% C. fetus. Resistance to nalidixic acid increased from 8.2% in 1990 to 26.3% in 2004 (p < 10(-3)), and resistance to ampicillin was high over time. Nalidixic acid resistance was greater for C. coli (21.3%) than for C. jejuni (14.9%, p < 10(-3)). C. jejuni resistance to ciprofloxacin in broilers decreased from 31.7% in 2002 to 9.0% in 2004 (p = 0.02). The patterns of resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones were similar between 1999 and 2004 in human and broiler isolates for C. jejuni. These results suggest a potential benefit of a regulation policy limiting use of antimicrobial drugs in food animals.     

The isolation of Campylobacter spp. from modified atmosphere packaged foods

Foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter spp. is a major public health concern in many countries. This study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) foods such as fresh meat and vegetables in order to assess the risk to human health from foods packaged using this new technology, the application of which is increasing rapidly. Samples of MAP chicken meat, MAP turkey meat, MAP bacon and MAP mixed salad vegetables from two supermarkets were tested for the presence of the organism in two types of samples; those tested immediately on purchase and those stored at 4 C (+/- 2 C) and subsequently tested on the 'use by' date stated on the package. Campylobacter spp. were found to be present in a proportion of all MAP products tested: 90% of MAP turkey samples, 71.25% of MAP chicken samples, 67.5% of cured bacon samples and 22.2% of mixed salad vegetables samples were found to be contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Viable counts indicated that the level of infection varied both between food products and between different packages of the same product. Turkey meat was found to have the highest numbers of organisms present (5.2 102-3.3 103 cfu g-1) compared with 0.2-7.2 102 cfu g-1 for chicken meat and 0.1-3.1 102 g-1 for bacon. The highest count obtained from one sample of salad vegetables was 1.7 102 cfu g-1 with the majority (16 out of a total of 20 positive samples) being less than 0.8 102 cfu g-1 and all 12 of the positive samples tested on date of purchase having viable counts of less than 0.1 102 cfu g-1.