接触二硫化碳工人自律神经系统功能的研究

本文通过对接触工人卧位和卧立位心电图的描记 ,检测心搏间距的变化情况 ,研究ＣＳ2 对接触工人自律神经系统功能的影响。1　对象与方法　　以某化纤厂接触ＣＳ2 的作业工人为接触组 ,共 67人 ,其中男 45人 ,女 2 2人。对照组共 84人 ,其中男 61人 ,女 2 3人。经内科和神经科体检 ,排除明显心血管和神经系统异常患者。对作业点进行ＣＳ2 气体采样 ,根据工人在作业点停留的时间计算时间加权平均浓度 (ＴＷＡ)。心电图检测 :每例在平卧位时作常规描记 9导联心电图后 ,再作以下自律神经功能检查①吸呼差 :做深吸气和深呼气 ,同时记录心电图Ⅱ导…     

某化纤厂接触不同浓度二硫化碳的工人血糖血脂检出水平

[目的]研究二硫化碳(CS2)暴露对作业工人血糖(glucose,GLU)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TCHO)和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)检出水平的影响,并提出职业健康监护行动水平的建议。[方法]收集某化纤厂2004—2011年间工作场所CS2浓度或作业工人个体接触CS2浓度的检测资料,对该化纤厂3 456名接触CS2的作业工人分别进行GLU、TCHO和TG水平的检查。[结果]该化纤厂作业工人接触CS2的8 h时间加权平均浓度为0.2~41.0 mg/m3,几何均数为2.38 mg/m3。其中1 758名作业工人接触CS2的浓度在0.2~2.5 mg/m3之间(A组);653名作业工人接触CS2的浓度在2.6~4.8 mg/m3之间(B组);1 045名作业工人接触CS2的浓度在5.1~41.0 mg/m3之间(C组)。男性C浓度组高TG检出率高于A、B两浓度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B浓度组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性高GLU、高TCHO检出率及女性高GLU、高TCHO和高TG检出率在不同浓度组中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄段C浓度组高TG检出率高于A、B两浓度组;A、B浓度组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同浓度组间高GLU和高TCHO检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性不同累积接触量组间高TG检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高GLU和高TCHO检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性不同累积接触量组间高GLU、高TCHO和高TG检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]男性作业工人接触CS2浓度>5 mg/m3或累积接触量>50 mg/(m3·年)时,可使高TG检出率明显升高。在对CS2作业工人进行职业健康监护时,宜执行CS2时间加权平均浓度为2.5 mg/m3(职业接触限值的1/2)的行动水平,并加强对累积接触量>50 mg/(m3·年)的作业工人的健康检查。     

二硫化碳对接触工人心血管系统的影响

目的 探讨二硫化碳(CS2)接触对作业工人心血管系统的影响.方法 选取某化纤厂CS2污染程度不同的、有代表性的车间,对其633名接触CS2作业工人作业场所的CS2浓度进行检测,同时对工人进行血压、心电图、血常规、胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)等测定;用X2检验和多元logistic回归分析方法,对数据进行统计学处理.结果 作业工人接触CS2水平检测结果显示,共有389名作业工人接触CS2的浓度≤5 mg/m3,244名作业工人接触CS2的浓度＞5 mg/m3,其中接触CS2浓度最高值为15.73 mg /m3.CS2对作业工人的心电图各检查指标、红细胞、白细胞、血小板等指标以及TCHO和TG均无明显影响,对血压有正向影响,对血红蛋白有负向影响;男性CS2接触工人TCHO升高、TG升高及高血压检出率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),年龄≤30岁的CS2接触工人的窦性心律失常、高血压及TCHO升高的检出率均明显高于年龄＞30岁的CS2接触工人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).1≤工龄＜10年组接触CS2工人的窦性心律失常检出率明显高于工龄≥10年工人,1≤工龄＜10年组接触CS2工人的高血压及TCHO升高的检出率明显低于工龄≥10年工人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CS2接触对心血管系统相关指标未见明显影响.     

某化纤企业作业工人二硫化碳接触水平

目的 了解某化纤企业二硫化碳(CS2)的污染水平.方法 选择该企业有代表性的车间和工种,对作业工人接触CS2的浓度进行检测,同时,收集该企业历年来CS2浓度检测资料进行综合分析.结果 79.6％的工种接触CS2的短时间接触浓度≤10 mg/m3,92％的工种接触CS2的短时间接触浓度≤20 mg/m3;约70％的工种接触CS2的时间加权平均浓度≤5 mg/m3,约90％的工种接触CS2的时间加权平均浓度≤10 mg/m3,仅有个别工种作业工人接触CS2的时间加权平均浓度＞15 mg/m3或短时间接触浓度＞30 mg/m3.结论 该化纤企业大部分工种作业工人接触CS2的浓度相对稳定在较低水平,但仍有相当一部分工种作业工人接触CS2浓度超过国家职业接触限值,今后仍需加强对CS2污染的治理.     

二硫化碳对作业工人神经系统功能影响的研究进展

二硫化碳(ＣＳ2)是一种重要的工业原料,当前主要应用于粘胶工业。1856年,Ｄｅｌｐｅｃｈ首先提出ＣＳ2是有毒溶剂。1904年,Ｋｏｓｔｅｒ从神经病学的角度指出ＣＳ2具有神经毒性。大剂量ＣＳ2短时间暴露可导致死亡,高浓度ＣＳ2接触可导致中枢神经系统急性中毒,表现为精神神经症状。近年来,随着工业卫生条件的改善,高浓度ＣＳ2所致的急性中毒现象已不多见。长期低浓度ＣＳ2接触能否导致接触工人神经系统功能的改变的问题已引起各国研究者们的广泛关注。现从两方面综述如下。1　ＣＳ2对作业工人神经系统症状及体征的影响1984年,梁友信等[1]对33…     

长期接触二硫化碳的工人脑电图分析

长期接触二硫化碳的工人脑电图分析陶庭芬张白珍（上海市劳动卫生职业病防治研究所，上海２００００３）二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）系亲神经性毒物，在脑电功能和脑ＣＴ检查中显示了中枢神经的损害。本文对化纤厂１４４名接触ＣＳ２工人及３９名已诊断为慢性ＣＳ２中毒和／或可疑...     

职业接触二硫化碳生物接触限值的探讨

目的 探讨我国职业接触二硫化碳(CS2)的生物接触限值.方法 用高效液相色谱法测定工人班末尿中2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸(TTCA)含量,用气相色谱法测定接触CS2工人作业场所空气中CS2浓度,探讨二者的相关关系,比较生物接触限值和PC-TWA判定结果.结果 CS2作业工人班末尿中TTCA含量与其接触的工作场所空气中CS2浓度呈正相关,回归方程式Y=0.265X-0.165 (r=0.91,P＜0.01).基于本次研究的回归方程,根据GBZ 2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》规定的CS2的PC-TWA 5 mg/m3推算,CS2接触工人班末尿中TTCA浓度生物限值为1.2 mgTTCA/g Cr.结论 建议我国CS2生物接触限值修订为1.2 mg TTCA/g Cr.     

职业性接触氰戊菊酯农药对工人心血管及神经系统的影响

目的　探讨职业性接触氰戊菊酯农药对工人心血管及神经系统的影响,保护工人身体健康。方法　分别选择某农药厂工龄半年以上的氰戊菊酯生产工人61名为暴露组,厂行政办公区工作人员10 2名为对照组。对两组环境空气中氰戊菊酯及其相关溶剂如甲苯、二甲苯进行连续3d的监测,同时选择暴露区及对照区各3人进行连续3d的个体采样测定,评价暴露水平;按统一的实施标准对他们的一般情况、心血管系统(血压、心电图)、神经系统进行健康检查。结果　暴露组空气中氰戊菊酯浓度明显高于对照组(P <0 0 1) ,而甲苯、二甲苯两组间差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 ) ,同时个体采样和皮肤污染量结果均显示暴露组氰戊菊酯浓度显著高于对照组(P <0 0 1) ;暴露组舒张压异常率显著高于对照组(P <0 0 5 )。结论　职业性接触氰戊菊酯农药对工人心血管系统有一定的影响,未发现对神经系统有影响     

某长丝车间空气中二硫化碳浓度监测方法比较及工人接触水平研究

为探讨我国粘胶作业工人的实际二硫化碳 (CS2 )接触水平以及现有的监测方法的代表性 ,应用国际上统一的采样分析方法对某粘胶长丝车间进行了车间空气中 CS2 浓度和 CS2 作业工人接触水平进行了测定 ,并对测定作业场所的 3种监测方法的代表性进行了评价。结果发现 ,用采样泵活性碳吸收管采样并以气相色谱分析法检测车间固定点 CS2 浓度为 :2 3.2 9± 1.35 m g/ m3,多功能气体分析仪测定结果为 12 .73m g/ m3,用个体采样法测得工人的实际接触水平为 :2 0 .0 5 mg/ m3。因而认为 :不宜以常用的车间内空气浓度来替代工人实际接触水平 ,因两者差异有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1) ;建议工人实际接触水平应为个体采样法所测的结果或应以时间加权平均浓度表示为宜。     

二硫化碳作业工人神经电生理检测结果分析

目的 检测接触二硫化碳(CS2)工人神经肌电图,为寻找职业性体检神经肌肉电生理的筛查指标提供依据.方法 检测接触CS2工人正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、胫后神经运动神经的潜伏期和波幅,对主诉肢体麻木明显的151人增加了正中神经、尺神经觉、腓肠神经感觉神经的潜伏期和传导 速度检测.将检测结果与GBZ 76-2002《职业性急性化学物中毒性神经系统疾病诊断标准》附录B中表B.2运动神经传导速度、表B.3感觉神经传导速度中神经指标参考值进行对照.结果 596人(60.3％,596/989)主诉头昏、头痛、失眠、多梦、易怒、记忆力明显减退、肢体麻木、肢体抽搐、肢体酸痛等症状.989人中共94例有至少1项神经传导速度检测指标异常,94例神经传导速度异常者中共检出神经传导速度异常神经148条;64条正中神经传导速度异常,占全部神经传导速度异常神经的43.24％(64/148),36条(24.32％,36/148)尺神经传导速度异常,38条(25.68％,38/148)腓总神经传导速度异常,9条(6.08％,9/148)胫后神经和1条(0.68％,1/148)腓肠神经传导速度异常.与GBZ 76-2002标准比较,正中神经、胫后神经、腓总神经运动神经末端潜伏期降低,尺神经运动神经末端潜伏期升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与GBZ 76-2002标准比较,CS2作业工人正中神经、尺神经感觉神经传导速度降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与GBZ 76-2002标准比较,CS2作业工人正中神经、尺神经、腓肠神经感觉神经末端潜伏期延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 感觉神经可以作为接触CS2作业工人职业性体检中神经肌电图检测的必检神经,感觉神经潜伏期、传导速度可以作为职业性体检检测指标.     

Mortality of Dutch workers exposed to carbon disulfide

Epidemiological studies carried out in Great Britain, Scandinavia and the United States indicate that workers exposed to carbon disulfide are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and in particular for ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. In the epidemiological study reported here a retrospective cohort design was used. The total study population consisted of 3322 workers from a Dutch viscose textile plant who had all been employed for at least half a year between 1 January 1947 and 1 January 1980. Only production and maintenance workers were selected for the study. A group of 1434 workers who had been exposed to carbon disulfide was identified from the files available at the plant. The remaining 1888 workers who had not been exposed to carbon disulfide were used as a reference group. The total study population was followed for mortality until 1 January 1988. For the 762 workers who had died before that date, the causes of death were checked at the Central Bureau of Statistics. The results show a slightly but significantly increased risk for CVD mortality (CVD-specific SMR of 115), despite the observation of the socalled healthy worker effect and the statistical uncertainties inherent to this type of study. The results are in accordance with those reported by other investigators. The results indicate that exposure to relatively low levels of carbon disulfide increases the risk of CVD mortality.     

Occupational exposure to low concentrations of carbon disulfide as a risk factor for hypercholesterolaemia

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS₂) concentrations below threshold limit value (TLV)-time-weighted average (TWA) (31 mg/m³) on total cholesterol, blood pressure and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 141 viscose rayon workers (64 men), and 141 age- and gender-matched controls without occupational contact with noxious chemicals, was carried out. The probability for CHD was determined by means of the WHO questionnaire and was 12-lead electrocardiography-coded using Minnesota criteria. Blood pressure was measured by the standardized method of the WHO and blood was examined for total cholesterol. A cumulative exposure index (CS₂ index) was calculated for each worker by multiplying the number of years held in a particular job, by the CS₂ concentrations in that job-environment. According to the CS₂ index, the exposed workers were distributed into two groups: group 1 (CS₂ index <100) and group 2 (CS₂ index ≥100). Results: Depending on the job and specific work place the CS₂ concentrations were between 1 and 30 mg/m³. Cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the exposed group (4.9 ± 0.7) compared with the controls (4.6 ± 0.7). Adjustment for age, smoking, body-mass index (BMI) and gender showed the significant effect of the CS₂ index on the total cholesterol (P < 0.001). The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was significantly higher in the exposed group (42.6%), compared with the controls (26.2%); odds ratio (OR) (adjusted for potential confounders) was 2.56, 95% CI 1.47–4.46. Logistic regression showed a significantly increased risk for elevated cholesterol in group 2 (OR 5.52; 95% CI 2.81–10.83). No significant effect of CS₂ index on blood pressure and CHD prevalence was found. Conclusions: The results of our study show that occupational exposure to CS₂ concentrations below 31 mg/m³ and a CS₂ index >100 may increase total cholesterol. Our results imply that even the CS₂ concentrations below TLV-TWA may produce morbid changes, and suggest the mechanism of the effect of CS₂, leading to lipid metabolism disturbances and acceleration of atherosclerosis. Received: 1 February 2000 / Accepted: 24 June 2000     

Antioxidative stress response in workers exposed to carbon disulfide

Objective: To study the effects of carbon disulfide (CS₂) on antioxidative stress systems of exposed workers. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thiobarbituric acid test (BAT) were conducted on 67 exposed workers and 88 controlled ones in a viscose rayon factory to determine their serum cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: The average levels of CuZnSOD in workers exposed to CS₂ both above and below 10 mg/m³ were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.0001), showing some dose-effect and dose-response relationships. SOD levels increased when the exposure index (EI) was less than 300, and remained at a high level at the range of 300 to 900. When EI was higher than 900, SOD tended to decrease. Meanwhile, the serum MDA levels increased. Both CS₂ concentrations and exposure time contribute to the MDA levels. Conclusions: CS₂ exposure could influence the stress response of the oxidative-antioxidative system of workers. Increased SOD levels could be considered as the stress response of antioxidative system to CS₂ exposure in the early stages, and the influence of CS₂ on SOD might be bi-directional. SOD and MDA might become objective indices in workers' health surveillance. The role of these two indices in the intoxication mechanism still needs to be clarified. Received: 3 August 1999 / Accepted: 25 April 2000     

CS2作业工人红细胞膜收缩蛋白初探

目的　观察作业工人长期接触二硫化碳 (CS2 )对其红细胞膜收缩蛋白的影响。方法　气相色谱法测定作业场所CS2 浓度 ;分离 16名工人红细胞膜 (接触、对照各 8人 ) ,采用十二烷基硫酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS PAGE)法分析红细胞膜蛋白谱。结果　车间空气CS2 浓度 (TWA)为 0～ 8.98mg/m3。CS2 接触工人红细胞膜收缩蛋白百分含量 (34.48% )高于对照工人 (2 6 .18% ) (t =5 .92 0 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,CS2 浓度 (TWA)与收缩蛋白含量呈正相关 (r=0 .85 9,R2 =0 .738,P <0 .0 0 1) ,接触指数 (EI)与收缩蛋白含量也呈正相关 (r=0 .713,R2 =0 .5 0 8,P =0 .0 0 2 )。其中 2名长工龄高浓度CS2接触工人红细胞膜图谱在高相对分子质量区有可疑异常区带形成。结论　长期接触CS2 作业工人红细胞膜蛋白电泳图谱出现异常 ,提示该指标有希望成为CS2 接触工人的分子水平接触 -效应生物标志物。     

A cross-sectional study on the brainstem auditory evoked potential among workers exposed to carbon disulfide

Summary In order to clarify the chronic effect of carbon disulfide (CS₂) on the central nervous system (CNS), the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was measured in spinning workers exposed to CS₂ in a viscose rayon manufacturing factory and unexposed workers in Japan. Workers exposed to CS₂ were divided into three groups according to length of exposure: current spinning workers with an exposure duration of more than 240 months (L group, n = 34), current spinning workers with an exposure duration of 24–84 months (S group, n = 25), and former spinning workers with an exposure duration of more than 120 months (R group, n = 16). Unexposed controls were selected from workers in a nylon filament factory using the same criteria (N group; n = 40). BAEP records were analyzed based on the latencies of three main components (I, III, V) and interpeak latencies (I–III IPL, III–V IPL, I–V IPL). Latencies of component V, III–V IPL, and I–V IPL in the L group were significantly greater (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). The significantly, higher III–V IPL in the L group suggested that in humans, chronic exposure to CS₂ involves the auditory ascending tract in the brainstem. Recovery from this neurotoxic effect is apparently possible, as the BAEP parameters in the R group were not significantly higher than those of the N group despite the long previous CS₂ exposure of the R group.     

二硫化碳作业女工受孕能力的前瞻性研究

目的 确证回顾性研究发现二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）作业女工受孕能力受抑的现象,并探讨“受孕时间”作为标志生殖损伤筛选指标的可行性。方法 在回顾性研究现场对欲生育的女工受孕时间进行了前瞻性研究。结果 ⑴２５７名接触组女工第一个月经周期受孕率为２７．２％,前三个月经周期累积受孕率为５８．７％,一年内累积受孕率为９３．７％,均明显低于对照组（分别为３５．８％、６９．１％和９７．０％,Ｐ值分别为０．０８１、０．０     

二硫化碳接触工人体内一氧化氮水平的初探

目的　探讨二硫化碳 (CS2 )作业工人体内一氧化氮 (NO)水平的变化及其机制。　方法选取某化纤厂CS2 作业工人 6 0名和不接触CS2 工人 36名 ,分别测定血浆NO、脂质过氧化物 (LPO)水平及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶 (Ery SOD)活性。结果　高、低剂量接触组工人血浆NO水平分别为(4 3 2 8± 19 83)和 (5 0 0 7± 2 1 0 1) μmol/L ,与对照组 (70 6 6± 2 6 83) μmol/L比较 ,两者均显著降低 ;高、低剂量接触组工人Ery SOD活性分别为 4832 2 1和 3 5 2 0 80u/gHb ,与对照组 (2 42 5 34u/gHb)比较 ,高剂量组显著升高 ;高、低剂量接触组工人血浆LPO水平分别为 19 38和 17 0 9μmol/L ,与对照组(4 37μmol/L)比较 ,均显著增高。结论　职业性长期接触CS2 能导致体内血浆NO水平下降 ,其机制与CS2 诱导体内超氧阴离子水平升高有关