多巴酚丁胺超声心动图负荷试验的体会(附10例报告)

本文就开展多巴酚丁胺超声心动图负荷试验（ＤＳＥ）的体会及多巴酚丁胺对人体的生理反应简述如下：临床拟诊为冠心病劳力性心绞痛或疑冠心病的患者１０例，其中男８例，女２例，平均年龄５３（３５～６２）岁，试验前超声心动图无室壁运动异常，心功能正常患者左侧卧位，...     

不同治疗方法干预冠心病预后的多因素分析

目的：对冠心病患者进行远期预后相关因素分析，研究PTCA和药物治疗干预的作用。方法：对人选冠心病患者进行信访，采用COX回归模型对主要临床终点（包括心源性死亡、再梗死、再次血运重建和以上事件复合终点）进行多因素分析，治疗干预作为其中一个因素加以研究。结果：入选295例患者，药物组165例，介入组130例，平均随访2．9年。其中死亡11例，再发心梗18例，再次血运重建36例，复合终点出现共51例。PTCA和药物治疗对主要临床终点发生的影响统计意义检验P值大于0．05。心绞痛分级与心源性死亡相关（P＝0．034）；病变血管支数、侧支情况与再次心梗发生相关（P＝0．031和P＝0．007），也与复合终点发生相关（P＝0．022和P＝0．022）；余变量P值均大于0．05。结论：在冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者中，药物和PTCA治疗干预对心血管事件（心源性死亡、再梗死、再次血运重建和以上事件复合终点）发生影响无统计意义上的差别。病变血管支数、侧支循环情况与心血管事件发生相关。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图中冠心病患者节段性室壁运？…

目的 评价多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图（ＤＳＥ）中冠心病（ＣＡＤ）患者节段性室壁运动异常（ＲＷＭＡ）的预后意义。方法 ＤＳＥ采用分级负荷方法,室壁运动采用１６节段分法和６节段分法,随访自ＤＳＥ之日开始,终点为出现心血管事件,结果 病例组中ＤＳＥ阳性者与ＤＳＥ阴性者免于心脏事件的累积生存率有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＤＳＥ阳性、缺血节段百分数等是Ｃｏｘ比例风险模型中心脏事件的独立预测指标。结论 ＤＳＥ     

定量组织速度成像技术—多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图对室壁运动异常的评价

目的 通过定量组织速度成像技术（QTVI）结合多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图（DSE）诱导的室壁运动异常与冠状动脉造影结果相对照，分析室壁运动异常与冠脉血供的关系。方法 对68例临床疑诊为冠心病的患者进行定量组织速度成像技术一多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图及冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查，判定室壁运动异常的部位、范围及病变血管。结果 本组68例患者中以冠状动脉造影为标准，定量组织速度成像技术—多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图诊断冠心病的敏感性85．7％，特异性89．4％，准确性86．7％。结论 应用定量组织速度成像技术—多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图能较准确的评价室壁运动异常及对应血供关系，是诊断冠心病的一种安全、简单、经济的有效方法。     

非ST段抬高性心肌梗死临床预后观察研究

目的:探讨非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的1年期预后及影响因素。方法:2008年12月至2009年12月,所有在我院住院治疗的NSTEMI患者160例,随访12～24个月期间发生的心血管事件,包括主要心血管事件(死亡)和次要复合心血管事件(非致死性急性心肌梗死、冠状动脉血运重建及因冠心病再次住院)。结果:随访12～24个月期间,共发生心血管事件64例(41.6%),包括主要心血管事件(死亡)26例(16.9%),次要复合心血管事件38例(24.7%)。进行亚组分析,年龄大于65岁组、肾功能不全组、射血分数低于50%组主要心血管事件(25.5%:3.3%;50%:10.8%;26.9%:11.8%)及次要复合心血管事件(31.9%:13.3%;41.7%:21.5%;34.6%:19.6%)发生率均高于对照组,而住院期间血运重建显著减少主要(3.3%:25.5%)及次要复合心血管事件(6.6%:36.2%)的发生。结论:NSTEMI患者预后差,病死率、再次住院率及血运重建率高,住院期间血运重建能有效减少心血管事件的发生。     

负荷超声心动图对非心血管手术心脏事件危险性的预测研究

目的:探讨研究负荷超声心动图(DSE)对于非心血管手术心脏事件危险性的预测。方法:选取我院2017年1月-2018年10月106例非心血管手术的已确诊或是可疑冠心病患者,术前对患者进行负荷超声心动图检查,并进行随访了解术后心脏事件的发生情况。结果:106例患者中DSE阴性者占据57%,一共有60名,这一组没有患者在术后出现恶性心脏事件,因此属于低危人群;负荷超声心动图诱发了患者出现心肌缺血缺血阈≥60%,一共有37名,其中3人在术后出现了恶性心脏事件,因此属中危人群;DSE过程中缺血阈<60%的共有9人,其中出现恶性心脏事件的则一共有4人,属于高危人群。结论:负荷超声心动图可以评估对接受非心血管的手术患者,并已经确诊或是疑似冠心病患者在术后发生恶性心脏事件的危险性。根据负荷超声心动图是否诱发心肌缺血及缺血阈是否<60%,能够将患者进行人群的划分,主要为低危、中危或高危这三个等级。     

脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2在冠心病患者严重程度评估中的应用

目的评估脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）在冠心病患者严重程度评估及远期心血管事件发生预测中的价值。方法将165例因胸痛行冠状动脉造影的患者按造影结果分为冠心病组98例[其中稳定性心绞痛（SAP）患者59例、急性冠状动脉综合症（ACS）患者39例]和非冠心病组67例。冠心病组按照病变累及的冠状动脉支数分为单支、二支和三支组,同时对每位冠心病患者进行Gensini评分。检测所有患者入院后24 h内的血浆Lp-PLA2及总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平。随访1～2年,记录主要不良心血管事件。分析不同病例组别、不同病变支数和有、无发生主要不良心血管事件患者的Lp-PLA2水平差异。结果冠心病患者Lp-PLA2水平明显高于非冠心病组（P〈0.01）,ACS患者Lp-PLA2水平高于SAP患者（P〈0.05）。冠心病组TC和LDL-C水平与非冠心病组比较均无差异。冠心病三支病变组Lp-PLA2水平明显高于单支和二支病变组（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）,而单支、二支病变组间无差异（P〉0.05）。不良心血管事件阳性患者Lp-PLA2水平明显高于阴性患者（P〈0.01）。结论 Lp-PLA2可用于临床冠心病患者严重程度的评估,且在远期主要不良心血管事件的发生中具有一定的预测价值。     

应变成像对无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者危险分层及预后评估

目的:应用二维斑点追踪技术（2DSTI）评价左心房整体纵向峰值应变（GLAS）对重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)患者危险分层的预测价值。方法:选取85例左心室射血分数≥50%的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,行常规超声心动图测量和2DSTI分析,获得常规超声心动图参数及GLAS。对所有患者进行一年的随访,随访终点是患者NYHA心功能III级及以上;复查NT-proBNP水平大于450pg/mL（<45岁）,大于900 pg/mL（50-75岁）,大于1800 pg/mL（>75岁）,因心力衰竭而住院,出现晕厥或因心血管事件死亡。应用多因素逻辑回归分析临床资料、常规超声心动图指标以及应变参数与AS患者预后的相关性,探讨影响患者预后的最佳指标。结果: 经过一年随访,共34 例（40%）患者达到临床随访终点。发生事件组的LVEF、主动脉瓣面积和GLAS均显著低于维持正常组,糖尿病、心力衰竭的患病率、E/e’、LAVImax明显高于维持正常组。多因素回归分析结果表明,GLAS是预测AS患者出现不良心血管事件的独立指标。结论: 2DSTI技术能反应左心房功能的改变,且GLAS是评估无症状重度AS患者危险分层及预后的的预测指标,GLAS降低提示患者出现不良心脏事件风险增高,及时予以干预,将有助于降低患者死亡率,改善预后。 关键词:主动脉瓣狭窄;斑点追踪应变成像技术;危险分层;左心房     

新型可降解涂层药物支架治疗澳门华裔人群冠心病的临床应用和效果分析

目的探讨Nobori支架治疗澳门华裔人群冠心病的有效性和安全性。方法将50例冠心病患者随机分成Nobori组（n=20）和Xience V组（n=30）,分别植入上述支架,术后随访观察支架内血栓形成、心源性死亡、心肌梗死、需冠状动脉搭桥、靶病变血运重建（TLR）、靶血管血运重建（TVR）、靶病变失败（TLF）、主要不良心血管事件（MACE）等指标。结果在随访2年支架内血栓形成发生率方面,早期、晚期两组相同,超晚期血栓形成发生率Nobori组稍高（5.0%vs.3.3%,P〉0.05）,但差异无统计学意义。在随访1年的主要终点事件发生率方面,Xience V组的MACE稍高（3.3%vs.0.0%,P〉0.05）,但差异无统计学意义。在随访2年的主要终点事件发生率方面,Xience V组的MACE稍高（6.7%vs.5.0%,P〉0.05）,但差异也无统计学意义。结论 Nobori支架治疗华裔人群有一定的安全性和有效性,其疗效与Xience V支架疗效相当,值得临床推广。     

国人冠心病合并糖尿病患者接受雷帕霉素洗脱钴铬合金支架植入术后的长期预后分析

目的:评价冠心病合并糖尿病患者植入新型雷帕霉素洗脱钴铬合金支架(CoCr-SES)的长期疗效和安全性。方法:以一项前瞻性、多中心注册研究中植入CoCr-SES的1 045例糖尿病患者为研究对象,随访该组患者的死亡、心肌梗死(MI)、血运重建和血栓(ST)等事件的发生率。主要终点事件定义为由心血管死亡、非致死性MI和靶血管血运重建(TVR)组成的主要不良心血管事件(MACE),临床随访时间为3年。结果:在3年随访时,1 045例合并有糖尿病的冠心病患者中,主要不良心血管事件(major advere cardiavsacalar event,MACE)发生率为10.0%,包括41例(3.92%)心血管死亡、38例(3.63%)非致死性MI和25例(2.39%)靶血管血运重建。3年内ST的发生率为1.1%,包括7例(0.7%)早期ST和4例(0.4%)晚期ST。结论:冠心病合并糖尿病患者植入CoCr-SES后的3年期MACE及ST的发生率均较低,为国产CoCr-SES在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中的应用提供了有效的证据。(临床试验注册号:NCT00868829)     

多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图结合心肌灌注造影早期诊断冠心病的价值

目的 探讨大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(DSE)结合心肌灌注造影(MCE)技术早期诊 断冠心病的价值。方法 对临床可疑冠心病的38例患者进行大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验,分别在静息状态和试验终止的即刻实行MCE检查。并在静息状态及各级负荷状态下观察室壁运动(WM)情况;对每次MEC后各心肌节段灌注状态进行评估。大剂量DSE时,以冠状动脉造影为金标准比较WM目测法和心 肌灌注状态目测法诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性。结果 DSE时,9例(24％)患者达到峰值负荷水平,22 例(58％)达到中级负荷水平。DSE终止时,通过心肌灌注状态目测法及WM目测法诊断有心肌缺血患者 的例数分别为24例(89％)及15例(52％)(P＜0.01)。同时,通过上述两组方法评估心肌缺血,并根据相应缺血心肌节段所对应冠脉分支准确判断病变血管的敏感性分别为71％及41％(P ＜0.01)。结论 大剂量DSE结合心肌灌注造影可以提高检出缺血心肌的敏感性,发现隐匿性心肌缺血,为临床诊断早期冠心 病患者提供了无创性新方法。     

Dipyridamole stress echocardiography stratifies outcomes of asymptomatic patients with recent myocardial revascularization

Background Patients with previous myocardial revascularization, even if symptom-free, remain at risk of subsequent cardiac events, so that a non-invasive tool able to stratify this population is wishful. Objectives To assess the prognostic value of dipyridamole stress echocardiography (DipSE) in a population of asymptomatic patients following complete myocardial revascularization, either by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We retrospectively evaluated 104 consecutive symptom-free patients (mean age 67 ± 9.3 years, 75 males) with recent (<12 months) complete myocardial revascularization (48% PCI, 52% CABG) undergoing DipSE. Ischemia was defined as the onset of a new or worsening wall motion abnormality during DipSE. The composite end point of the study was cardiac death and non-fatal acute coronary syndrome. Results Myocardial ischemia was identified in 23 patients (22.1%). During a mean follow up of 21 months, 7 (30.4%) out of these patients suffered cardiac events. Among the remaining 81 patients (77.9%) with negative DipSE results, 7 (8.6%) experienced cardiac events. At multivariable analysis only a positive DipSE (odds ratio 3.9, P = 0.03), wall motion score index at peak of stress (OR 3.6, P = 0.04) and a prior myocardial infarction (odds ratio 3.5, P = 0.04) achieved statistical significance for cardiac events. Moreover, DipSE effectively stratified patients into a high and low risk group according to presence of inducible ischemia (event rate per year 16% vs 4.8%, P = 0.02). Conclusions DipSE yields appropriate risk stratification and provides incremental prognostic value over clinical variables even in asymptomatic patients with prior complete myocardial revascularization. A negative DipSE portends a benign prognosis (<5% event rate/year) in such population.     

大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验结合二维应变成像技术早期诊断冠心病的价值

目的 探讨大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验结合二维应变成像技术早期诊断冠心病的价值.方法 对临床可疑的冠心病患者28例进行大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验,分别在静息状态及各级负荷状态下观察室壁运动情况,测定左室各心肌节段心内膜下心肌的纵向收缩期峰值应变,比较大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验目测法及大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验结合二维应变成像技术诊断缺血心肌的敏感性和特异性;计算正常组、冠心病组缺血节段和非缺血节段的纵向收缩期峰值应变平均值并进行组内及组间比较,利用ROC曲线下面积评价纵向收缩期峰值应变预测缺血心肌的敏感性和特异性.结果 冠心病组多巴酚丁胺剂量为40μg·kg-1·min-1时目测法检出室壁运动异常6例(共20个节段),通过计算纵向收缩期峰值应变检出缺血心肌15例(共148节段);冠心病组大多数缺血节段纵向收缩期峰值应变较正常组及非缺血节段相同负荷状态明显减低(P＜0.05);大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验目测法和大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验结合二维应变成像技术诊断缺血心肌的敏感性分别为35.3%和88.2%(P＜0.01),特异性分别为100%和100%(P＞0.05)、准确性分别为60.7%和92.8%(P＜0.01).多巴酚丁胺剂量为40μg·kg-1·min-1时以纵向收缩期峰值应变绝对值≤14.9%为截断值,预测缺血心肌节段的敏感性和特异性分别为83.3%和91.7%.结论 大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验结合二维应变成像技术可以提高检出缺血心肌的敏感性,定量评价心肌收缩功能的微小改变,发现隐匿性心肌缺血,为临床诊断早期冠心病患者提供了无创性新方法 .

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography combined with two-dimensional strain imaging in early diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Methods Highdose dobutamine stress echocardiography was performed to 28 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. All wall movements were observed during resting condition and at all stress levels,respectively;the peak systolic longitudinal strain in each endomyocardial segment of left ventricular was measured; the sensitivity and specificity between visual method and two-dimensional strain imaging in diagnosing myocardial ischemia with high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography were compared. The average peak systolic longitudinal strain was calculated against control group, coronary artery disease group during ischemia segments and non-ischemia segments, and a comparison was made inside each group as well as against the other groups. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the peak systolic longitudinal strain was used to predict the sensitivity and the specificity of myocardial ischemia. Results With dobutamine dose of 40 μg·kg-1 · min-1 ,wall motion abnormalities were diagnosed in 6 patients (20 segments) through visual method, myocardial ischemia was found in 15 patients (148 segments) through computing the peak systolic longitudinal strain. Inside the coronary artery disease group during ischemic　segments,the majority of peak systolic longitudinal strain was significantly reduced ( P＜0.05) compared to the non-ischemic segments and the control group. In diagnosing myocardial ischemia in high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography, the sensitivity of visual method and two-dimensional strain imaging were 35.3％ and 88.2％(P＜0.01), specificity 100％ and 100％(P＞0.05), and accuracy 60.7％ and 92.8％ (P＜0.01). The cutoff value of the peak systolic longitudinal strain was less than or equal to 14.9％, its sensitivity and specificity in predicting myocardial ischemia were 83.3％ and 91.7％,respectively. Conclusions High-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography combined with two-dimensional strain imaging can increase the sensitivity of detecting myocardial ischemia and detect concealed myocardial ischemia. High-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography combined with two-dimensional strain imaging can be used in early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.     

心肌声学造影评价冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者介入治疗的早期疗效

目的探讨心肌声学造影和二维斑点追踪成像技术在评价冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后左室功能早期恢复中的应用价值。方法选取拟行PCI血运重建的CTO病变患者39例作为病例组,另选年龄、性别与其相匹配且冠状动脉造影正常者39例作为对照组,术前分别行常规超声心动图、二维斑点追踪成像和心肌声学造影检查,病例组于PCI血运重建术后72 h内再行超声检查,比较手术前后左室功能参数,并按所开通冠状动脉不同将病例组分为3个亚组:左前降支组16例、左回旋支组4例和右冠状动脉组19例,比较各亚组冠状动脉对应供血区域手术前后局部心肌灌注和局部心肌纵向应变(RLS)的差异。结果PCI术前病例组与对照组比较,灌注计分指数(PSI)较高,左室整体纵向应变(GLS)、曲线平台期峰值强度(A)、曲线斜率(β)、心肌血流量(A·β)均较低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。PCI术后病例组常规左室功能参数与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义;PSI较术前显著降低,GLS、A、β、A·β均较术前显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。左前降支组、右冠状动脉组、左回旋支组中CTO患者开通冠状动脉对应供血区域心肌的RLS、PSI、A、β、A·β与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论心肌声学造影和二维斑点追踪成像均可以早期、定量地评价PCI血运重建术后CTO患者的左室整体、局部心肌灌注和运动功能改善情况。     

经静脉实时心肌造影超声心动图评估心肌梗死后存活心肌

目的探讨经静脉实时心肌造影超声心动图（RT-MCE）评估心肌梗死后存活心肌。方法18例准备进行血运重建术心肌梗死患者,于术前1-5天行RT-MCE检查,并于术后3个月再次行常规超声心动图检查,室壁运动分析采用18节段分析法,分为运动正常、运动减弱、无运动和反常运动。心肌存活定义为术后超声检查室壁运动明显改善。将造影结果分为3种情况：充盈缺损,造影剂充盈延迟、回声稀疏不均匀或心内膜下充盈缺损,回声均匀性增强。其中后两种情况定义为存活心肌。结果在18例心肌梗死患者中共检出109个室壁运动异常节段,运动减弱为47个,无运动为56个,反常运动为6个。注射造影剂后回声均匀性增强的心肌节段中有2个节段术前室壁运动减弱,术后运动均改善;回声不均匀或心内膜下充盈缺损的心肌节段中术前室壁运动减弱有24个节段,术后运动改善14个,术前室壁无运动有24个节段,术后运动改善20个;充盈缺损的心肌节段中术前室壁运动减弱有21个节段,术后运动均未改善,术前室壁无运动32个,术后运动改善2个。RT-MCE检出存活心肌的敏感性、特异性分别为94.7%、78.9%。结论RT-MCE能比较准确的判断心肌梗死后心肌的存活性。     

超声二维应变成像评价冠状动脉病变

目的 采用超声二维应变成像检测局部心肌功能,准确评价冠状动脉病变.方法 67例可疑冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影,并将患者分为两组:病例组42例,冠状动脉狭窄≥70%;对照组25例,冠状动脉狭窄＜50%.在冠状动脉造影前24小时进行超声二维应变成像,比较两组左心室心肌峰值纵向收缩期应变(Ss)和应变率(SRs)、舒张早期应变率(SRe)、舒张晚期应变率(SRa)、SRe/SRa,及达SRe时间(T-SRe).结果 病例组狭窄≥70%冠状动脉所支配心肌的Ss、SRs、SRe和SRe/SRa均小于对照组心肌(P＜0.001).SRs和SRe是冠状动脉狭窄≥70%的独立预测因子,且SRe ＜0.91预测冠状动脉狭窄≥70%的灵敏性为72.46%,特异性为89.65%.结论 二维应变成像可通过检测心肌舒张功能准确诊断冠状动脉病变.     

Abnormal electron beam computed tomography results: the value of repeating myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography in the ongoing assessment of coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether asymptomatic patients with atherosclerosis, indicated by the presence of coronary artery calcium on electron beam computed tomography, are at enough risk for progression of disease to justify a repeated stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination after an initial normal to low-risk perfusion study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients who had abnormal results on electron beam computed tomography (coronary artery calcium score > 0) and normal to low-risk results on SPECT (defined as a summed stress score of 0-3) within a 3-month period from January 1, 1995, to October 31, 2002. Of the 504 identified patients, 285 remained after exclusion criteria were applied. Of the 285 patients, 69 (mean +/- SD age, 58.2 +/- 7.6 years; 91% male) underwent at least 1 repeated myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging study within 4 years of their initial assessment as normal or at low risk without recurrence of symptoms. The value of repeated SPECT imaging was assessed by detection of a substantial change in the repeated SPECT study and by documentation of a clinical event (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or revascularization). Follow-up was 100% complete at a mean of 4.3 +/- 1.6 years. RESULTS: Only 4 patients (6%) had a substantial progression in their SPECT risk category; substantial changes on the SPECT scans occurred only in patients with a coronary artery calcium score greater than 100. Three patients underwent revascularization, yielding a 5-year rate for survival free of revascularization of 94% (95% confidence interval, 88%-100%). No deaths or nonfatal myocardial infarctions were reported. CONCLUSION: The principal findings of this study indicate that asymptomatic patients with initial normal or low-risk results from stress SPECT performed because of abnormal coronary artery calcium scores who remain asymptomatic are at low risk of death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. Three patients underwent revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention despite the absence of symptoms. A substantial change in SPECT results (defined as progression from normal or low-risk summed stress score to intermediate- or high-risk summed stress score) affected 6% of patients and was not associated with any adverse hard events (nonfatal myocardial infarction or death).     

心肌灌注造影在多巴酚丁胺负荷前后早期诊断冠心病的临床研究

目的探讨心肌灌注造影(MCE)技术在大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷前后早期诊断冠心病的价值.方法 对临床疑为冠心病患者38例,进行大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图试验,分别在静息状态和多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图试验终止时即刻行MCE检查.以冠状动脉造影为金标准将大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图前后心肌灌注状态目测法对冠心病的检出率进行比较.结果 多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图检查的38例患者中,9例(24%,9/38)达到峰值负荷水平,22例(58%,22/38)达到中级负荷水平.其中通过冠状动脉造影诊断的27例冠心病患者在多巴酚丁胺负荷前后,通过心肌灌注状态目测法诊断心肌缺血患者的例数分别为10例(37%,10/27)及24例(89%,24/27,χ2=15.565,P＜0.01).结论 大剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图结合MCE可提高缺血心肌的检出率,发现隐匿性心肌缺血,为临床无创性诊断早期冠心病患者提供新方法.     

潘生丁负荷超声心动图评价心肌缺血

本文对１９例患者行低剂量及大剂量潘生丁负荷超声心动图检查，并与冠脉造影结果比较。患者均为男性，平均年龄５５±１２岁。临床考虑冠心病，包括１３例心梗患者，４例经ＰＴＣＡ治疗。结果发现６例负荷前后均无室壁运动异常，其中５例冠脉造影基本正常，１例有单支局部６５％的狭窄；另有６例静息时即有室壁运动异常，负荷后无变化；１例ＰＴＣＡ治疗者负荷后室壁运动有改善；６例负荷试验阳性，其中５例低剂量阳性者冠脉造影示多支病变重度狭窄，另１例在大剂量时阳性，冠脉造影虽为三支病变但最大狭窄程度为７５％。结论：潘生丁负荷试验简单实用，检测多支病变准确率高，还可帮助识别ＰＴＣＡ后血供的明显改善。低剂量阳性者提示多支病变、重度狭窄，可帮助筛选高危患者，判断预后     

Cardiovascular response in patients with and without myocardial ischaemia during dobutamine echocardiography stress test for coronary artery disease

Summary. Dobutamine is widely used in cardiac stress testing for coronary artery disease and myocardial viability. To assess the systemic cardiovascular response during dobutamine echocardiography stress testing, we investigated nine patients without myocardial ischaemia (group 1, aged 48 to 72 years) and nine patients with myocardial ischaemia during the test (group 2, aged 53 to 73 years), by use of Doppler/echocardiography and subclavian artery pulse trace calibrated with brachial artery pressures. Peripheral resistance, total arterial compliance, and aortic characteristic impedance were estimated using a 3-element windkessel model of the systemic circulation. During infusion of dobutamine up to 40 μg kg^-1 min^-1, arterial pressure was maintained near baseline levels, whereas heart rate and cardiac index increased, more so in group 1 (mean: 89 and 79%) than in group 2 (58 and 52%; P<0.05 vs. group 1). Peripheral resistance was decreased by ≥32% at peak stress, whereas characteristic impedance was maintained at or above baseline in both groups, and total arterial compliance was not significantly altered. The cardiovascular response in group 2 was not influenced by the wall motion abnormalities. Thus, in these patients the inotropic, chronotropic, and vasodilatory effects of dobutamine balanced the ischaemic impairment of left ventricular function during the stress test.