胃肠道交界性病变/肿瘤和相关病变的临床病理特点及其治疗原则

交界性病变／交界性肿瘤是目前诊断病理面临的最大难题之一。病理和临床医师应正确认识胃肠道的一些交界性病变／交界性肿瘤及相关病变如胃肠道间质瘤、胃肠道淋巴组织增生和粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤、免疫增生性小肠病、胃肠道腺瘤和阑尾类癌。     

病灶切除术与病灶刮除术治疗肱骨良性肿瘤的临床疗效观察

为了探讨病灶切除术与病灶刮除术治疗肱骨良性肿瘤的临床疗效和手术适应证,回顾性分析15例肱骨良性肿瘤患者的临床资料,比较两种手术治疗后患者的功能恢复和生存质量情况.随访3年,15例患者均无恶变.术后病灶切除术组MSTS总评分为(28.9±7.3)分,病灶刮除术组为(20.1±5.4)分,两组差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.手术后病灶切除术组生存质量评分为(93.45±6.58)分,病灶刮除术组生存质量评分为(83.41±9.45)分,术后3年两组差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.初步研究结果提示,病灶切除术组的术后功能恢复优于病灶刮除植骨术组,骨软骨瘤和骨样骨瘤可以采用病灶切除术联合自体植骨术治疗.     

Chromoblastomycosis with underlying osteolytic lesion

In chromoblastomycosis, the lesions develop at the site of inoculation and usually restrict themselves to cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. Extracutaneous spread occurs rarely secondary to haematogenic and lymphatic dissemination. This report presents a case of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi with contiguous spread to the underlying bone in the form of an osteolytic lesion.     

子宫颈癌前病变的治疗现状

子宫颈癌前病变是育龄期妇女常见的疾病之一，子宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）早期诊断及治疗是控制子宫颈癌发生的重要环节，物理治疗、冷刀锥切术、LEEP、全子宫切除术这些不同治疗方法各有利弊，需要合理应用。本文就宫颈癌前病变的各种治疗方法、适用范围等进行简述。     

胃癌前病变研究进展

胃部慢性炎症粘膜上皮细胞动力学异常是促进胃癌发生的基础.在胃癌多步骤发生过程中包含多种基因分子水平的改变,这些异常改变与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)密切相关.近年来研究表明,Hp的根除有利于胃癌前病变的逆转.     

子宫颈癌前病变的治疗现状

子宫颈癌前病变是育龄期妇女常见的疾病之一,子宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)早期诊断及治疗是控制子宫颈癌发生的重要环节,物理治疗、冷刀锥切术、LEEP、全子宫切除术这些不同治疗方法各有利弊,需要合理应用.本文就宫颈癌前病变的各种治疗方法、适用范围等进行简述.     

胃癌前病变研究进展

胃部慢性炎症粘膜上皮细胞动力学异常是促进胃癌发生的基础.在胃癌多步骤发生过程中包含多种基因分子水平的改变,这些异常改变与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）密切相关.近年来研究表明,Hp的根除有利于胃癌前病变的逆转.     

Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion of the neck

Fibrosclerotic and fibroinflammatory diseases are pelicular and unusual conditions, which may present in any part of the body. Howeverm, in the region of the head and the neck they are seldom seen and hence easily misdiagnosed. To date, about twenty-two such cases have been reported in the head and neck region. Presented here is a case of tumefactive fibroinflammatory disease of the neck in an 85-year-old woman with a detailed account of the clinical features, cytology, histology and postmortem findings. Also presented is a brief overview of the literature pertaining of this condition.     

Automated skin lesion screening--a new approach

Automated melanoma diagnosis is a popular focus of research, with numerous papers describing techniques and results. In our study, we identified two possible problems with the current method of automated diagnosis, where systems are intended to reproduce histopathology results. We propose a new method of identifying problematic skin lesions, namely attempting to reproduce algorithmically the perceptions of dermatologists as to whether the lesion should be excised. In the best case, our initial model reproduced the decision of dermatologists in over 80% of cases. These results suggest that reproducing the decision to excise may be a valuable adjunct to current methodology.     

The significance of the Papanicolaou smear diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

BACKGROUND: Cervical cytologic specimens that show a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) occasionally contain a few cells that are suspicious for, but not diagnostic of, a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). In such cases, a diagnosis of LSIL cannot exclude HSIL is rendered. The objective of the current study was to assess the positive predictive value (PPV) for HSIL in follow-up cervical biopsies for these cases. METHODS: One hundred forty-four women with a Papanicolaou (Pap) diagnosis of LSIL cannot exclude HSIL and their follow-up cervical biopsies were reviewed. Results were compared with a control group of 155 women with a Pap diagnosis of LSIL. A subset of biopsies was tested and typed for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification using consensus primers followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. HPVs were scored as low-risk or high-risk types. RESULTS: Women with LSIL cannot exclude HSIL had a higher incidence of HSIL (PPV = 29%) on follow-up cervical biopsy than the control group (PPV = 15%, P < 0.01). In addition, SIL, indeterminate grade was diagnosed in 10% of cervical biopsies in the study group as compared with 4% in controls. Review of Pap smears from the study group showed that there were 3 types of cells suspicious for a high-grade lesion: atypical squamous metaplastic cells (62%), atypical keratinized cells (20%), and dysplastic cells of borderline nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio (18%). HPV analysis confirmed the presence of high-risk HPV types in the study cases with high-grade cervical biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Women with a Pap diagnosis of LSIL cannot exclude HSIL appear to be more likely to harbor a high-grade lesion than those diagnosed with LSIL alone. Its use appears warranted. Women with this diagnosis merit appropriate clinical follow-up to exclude HSIL.     

微小RNA与宫颈癌及癌前病变的关系

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类由21～25个核糖核苷酸的非编码调控单链小分子RNA.通过对基因进行转录后的表达调控,参与许多重要的生物过程,如细胞生长、凋亡、病毒感染和癌症发展.目前,miRNA在宫颈病变中的研究主要包括miRNA在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的表达特征;miRNA与宫颈人乳头状瘤病毒感染的关系;miRNA与宫颈...     

In situ lesion of para-nasopharyngeal carcinoma--microspectrophotometer study

Eighteen tissue sections of in situ cancer of para-nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCIS) were assayed for nuclear area, DNA content, nucleolar area and RNA content using MPV III microspectrophotometer. In general, the nuclear area, DNA content, nucleolar area and RNA content in NPCIS cells were significantly increased as compared with those in the non-cancerous epithelial cells. The DNA-histogram showed aneuploidy in the majority of NPCIS. In the invasive carcinoma foci, the above-mentioned characteristics were more marked. The authors believe that NPCIS is a critical stage in the pathogenesis of NPC. In addition, the comparison is described as to the similarities and differences between the columnar and squamous cell types of NPCIS.     

Metastatic brain lesion in small-cell lung cancer

Clinico-diagnostic correlations were studied in 74 patients suffering small cell lung cancer. Metastases to the brain were mostly multiple (66.22%) affecting the posterior cranial fossa (75%), right hemisphere and subtentorial area (34.6%). Diagnosis made by neuro-oncological examination was confirmed in 90.54%, brain scan--77.78, computed tomography--84.91, ophthalmological examination--28.81, EEG--58.18 and emission tomography--80%.     

An endoscopic observation of intraductal papillary lesion

Our experience revealed 71% sensitivity, 91% specificity and 46% predictability on diagnostic accuracy of cancer in the mammary duct. We now have some further clues through studies on the endoscopie diagnosis of breast cancer. We must gain further experience experience and we should establish a criteria for diagnosis of cancer as soon as possible. At the same time, a proper biopsy instrument through superfinescope remains to be improved to get enough specimen for histological examination.