抑制Polo样激酶1对鼻咽癌细胞辐射敏感性的影响

目的:探索抑制Polo样激酶1(Polo-like kinase 1,PLK1)对鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)细胞CNE-1和CNE-2辐射敏感性的影响.方法:分别运用siRNA和小分子抑制剂BI2536抑制CNE-1和CNE-2细胞内PLK1的表达或磷酸化,通过MTT法检测抑制PLK1对NPC细胞增殖能力的影响,流式细胞技术检测对细胞周期和凋亡的影响,细胞免疫荧光检测对辐射后DNA损伤位点的影响,克隆形成实验及曲线拟合计算对辐射后细胞放射生物参数和放射增敏比(sensitizationenhancement ratio,SER)的影响.结果:与对照组相比,抑制PLK1可以明显抑制NPC细胞增殖,并诱导细胞发生G2-M期阻滞和有丝分裂灾难.抑制NPC细胞PLK1联合射线辐射后,NPC细胞克隆形成能力下降(CNE-1:P ＜0.05;CNE-2:P ＜0.05),且随着BI2536浓度的增大克隆形成能力下降更加明显(CNE-1:P ＜0.05;CNE-2:P ＜0.05);细胞生存分数明显降低(均P＜0.05);核中γ-H2AX位点数目明显增加(P＜0.05);细胞凋亡率显著升高(均P＜0.05);siR-PLK1转染CNE-1和CNE-2后SER分别为1.1988和1.3198,BI2536处理CNE-1和CNE-2后SER分别为1.5508和1.2028.结论:抑制PLK1可以抑制NPC细胞增殖,诱导发生细胞周期阻滞和有丝分裂灾难,并能显著提高NPC细胞辐射敏感性.     

miRNA-381表达及其与鼻咽癌放疗敏感性的关系

目的:观察人鼻咽癌细胞及组织中miRNA-381的表达变化,探讨其与放射敏感性的关系.方法:采用RT-PCR法测定正常鼻咽部上皮细胞株NP460,人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-2,放疗抵抗细胞株CNE-2R及20例符合纳入标准的鼻咽癌组织中miRNA-381的表达.完成放疗后3个月接受影像学复查,分析患者的近期放疗疗效.所有病例都有2年或2年以上随访记录,根据随访记录制定放疗敏感性评估标准.采用克隆形成实验检测细胞的放疗敏感性.结果:入组患者根据放疗敏感性评估标准,分为放疗抵抗组(7例)和放疗敏感组(13例),放疗抵抗组的miRNA-381表达显著低于放疗敏感组(P＜0.01).克隆形成实验结果显示细胞的放疗敏感性为NP460＞ CNE-2＞CNE-2R,且有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01).RT-PCR结果显示正常鼻咽部上皮细胞株NP460中miRNA-381表达量高于鼻咽癌细胞株,放疗抵抗细胞株CNE-2R中miRNA-381表达量远低于其亲代细胞株CNE-2.近期疗效和鼻咽癌组织中miRNA-381相对表达量的相关性分析显示miRNA-381相对表达量与近期疗效呈正相关(r=0.77,P ＜0.000 1).结论:miRNA-381在放疗抵抗的鼻咽癌细胞及临床标本中的表达量显著低于放疗敏感的细胞及组织.miRNA-381相对表达量越高的鼻咽癌患者接受根治性放疗后的近期疗效越好.     

微小RNA hsa-miR-93靶向STAT3提高鼻咽癌对放疗敏感性的机制研究

目的 研究hsa-miR-93在鼻咽癌放疗抗拒过程中的作用及分子机制。方法 以人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1、CNE-2、CNE-2R、HONE1、C666.1以及鼻咽上皮永生细胞NP460为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测各组细胞经放疗后hsa-miR-93的表达;采用Western blot法检测各组细胞经放疗后STAT3蛋白的表达;通过miRWalk软件和RNAHybrid软件预测hsa-miR-93和STAT3的结合作用及结合位点;通过双荧光素酶报告基因法检测hsa-miR-93对STAT3靶向结合情况;瞬时转染小分子模拟物或抑制剂调控hsa-miR-93的表达后,采用qRT-PCR和Western blot法检测STAT3的表达;转染siSTAT3沉默STAT3的表达后,通过细胞集落形成实验检测鼻咽癌细胞经放疗后的集落形成能力。结果 与CNE-1、CNE-2细胞(相对放疗敏感)相比,hsa-miR-93在HONE1、CNE-2R细胞(相对放疗抗拒)中表达降低(P＜0.001),且各组鼻咽癌细胞经放疗后hsa-miR-93的表达呈剂量及时间依赖性降低(P＜0.05);与CNE-1、CNE-2细胞相比,STAT3在HONE1、CNE-2R细胞中表达升高,且各组鼻咽癌细胞经放疗后表达呈剂量及时间依赖性升高;经预测,hsa-miR-93可直接靶向结合STAT3。过表达hsa-miR-93可以在mRNA以及蛋白水平上显著抑制STAT3的表达(P＜0.05),而抑制hsa-miR-93的表达可以显著上调STAT3的表达(P＜0.05);过表达hsa-miR-93或沉默STAT3均使鼻咽癌细胞的集落形成显著减少(P＜0.001);抑制hsa-miR-93减弱了鼻咽癌对放疗的敏感性,而同时抑制hsa-miR-93和STAT3后,可提高鼻咽癌对放疗的敏感性。结论 hsa-miR-93可能通过靶向STAT3提高鼻咽癌对放疗的敏感性。     

DNA-PKcs 表达与鼻咽癌细胞株放射敏感性的关系

 目的 探讨不同放射敏感性鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1（鼻咽高分化鳞癌细胞株）和CNE-2（鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞株）中DNA依赖蛋白激酶（DNA-PK）的催化亚基DNA-PKCS基因的表达与鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感性的关系。方法 通过克隆形成实验测定CNE-1、CNE-2不同剂量的存活分数，并用线性二次模型拟合剂量存活曲线求出放射生物学参数α、β,SF2、MID值，以及四氮唑蓝比色分析法（MTT法）检测60Co-γ线4Gy照射后12h细胞的存活率，以评价两株细胞的放射敏感性。逆转录实时荧光定量PCR技术（RTrFQPCR）检测照射前、后不同时间及不同剂量CNE-1、CNE-2细胞mRNA水平DNA-PKCS基因的定量表达。结果CNE-1在各个剂量点的存活分数均比CNE-2高，MID值分别为2．78、1．61，SF2值分别为0．627、0．341；4Gy照射后12h的存活率分别为88．2％、72．3％；RT-FQPCR显示两株细胞中均有DNA-PKCS基因的表达，其相对表达量之比为7．54±2．71（t=4．17，P=0．014），表达差异有统计学意义，DNA-PKCS基因在CNE-2细胞中存在时间、剂量依赖关系。结论实验验证了CNB2比CNE-1对射线更敏感，DNA-PKCS基因的表达与鼻咽癌细胞的放射敏感性有关。     

下调VEGF表达影响鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感度的机制

目的　应用RNA干扰技术抑制人鼻咽低分化鳞状上皮细胞癌细胞株CNE-2中血管内皮生长因 子（VEGF）表达,研究阻断VEGF基因表达对鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感度的影响及机制。方法 构建针对 VEGF的siRNA真核表达载体pU-VEGF-siRNA（CNE-2组）、1个阴性对照质粒（CNE-2/Neg-siRNA 组）、经脂质体转染至CNE-2细胞（CNE-2/VEGF-siRNA组）,用平板克隆形成实验检测在6MV-X线 0、2、4、6、8、10 Gy照射后克隆形成能力及通过单击多靶模型、线性二次模型拟合放射生物学参 数,流式细胞检测分析细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化,用RT-PCR定量分析三组细胞中Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、P16和P53的mRNA表达。结果 经6MV-X线0、2、4、6、8、10 Gy照射后细胞存活率显著下降, CNE-2/VEGF-siRNA组细胞经D0和2 Gy照射后的存活分数明显低于CNE-2组、CNE-2/Neg-siRNA组; CNE-2/VEGF-siRNA组中G1/S期细胞周期阻滞更为明显。在Cyclin D1、Cyclin E、p16和p53基因中, Cyclin D1mRNA表达在放疗后6、12和24 h进行性升高,差异有统计学意义,而其他基因变化差异无统 计学意义,Western blot检测显示Cyclin D1蛋白表达在放疗后24 h明显升高。结论 下调VEGF表达可 增加鼻咽癌细胞的放射敏感度,其机制可能是通过Cyclin D1信号通路途径使细胞周期发生G1/S期阻滞。     

整合素αV对鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞放疗敏感性的影响

目的：探讨粘附分子整合素αV通过细胞间相互作用，是否对鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞的放疗敏感性产生影响，进而初步探讨其可能机制。方法：采用liquid overlay技术进行CNE-2Z细胞三维立体（多细胞球）培养；血球计数器计数法比较在阻断整合素αV作用前后CNE-2Z细胞的放射敏感性；AnnexinV／PI双标流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果：（1）成功建立CNE-2Z多细胞球培养模型；（2）CNE-2Z多细胞球在接受X射线照射后，并在一定的照射剂量下，其表达的整合素αV量，随着照射剂量的增加而增加；（3）阻断整合素αV作用后CNE-2Z多细胞球放疗敏感性增强、细胞凋亡率上调。结论：以多细胞球培养模型模拟体内实体瘤情况，证实粘附分子整合素αV的表达情况可以影响鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞的放疗敏感性，抑制细胞凋亡是其可能的作用机制。     

整合素αⅤ对鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞放疗敏感性的影响

目的:探讨粘附分子整合素αV通过细胞间相互作用,是否对鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞的放疗敏感性产生影响,进而初步探讨其可能机制。方法:采用liquid overlay技术进行CNE-2Z细胞三维立体(多细胞球)培养;血球计数器计数法比较在阻断整合素αV作用前后CNE-2Z细胞的放射敏感性;AnnexinV/PI双标流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果:(1)成功建立CNE-2Z多细胞球培养模型;(2)CNE-2Z多细胞球在接受X射线照射后,并在一定的照射剂量下,其表达的整合素αV量,随着照射剂量的增加而增加;(3)阻断整合素αV作用后CNE-2Z多细胞球放疗敏感性增强、细胞凋亡率上调。结论:以多细胞球培养模型模拟体内实体瘤情况,证实粘附分子整合素αV的表达情况可以影响鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞的放疗敏感性,抑制细胞凋亡是其可能的作用机制。     

整合素α Ⅴ对鼻咽癌CNE-2Z细胞放疗敏感性的影响

Objective:To investigate whether the cell adhesion molecule integrin aV could influence the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells via effecting intercellular effect.Methods:Human NPC cell line CNE-2Z was cultivated as three dimensional modef using liquid overlay technique.Cell counting was employed to detect the radiosensitivity of CNE-2Z cells by blood cell counter before and after blocking integrin aV function;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI label.Results:Three dimensional culture model of human NPC cell line CNE-2Z cells were successfully established The integrin aV expression of CNE-2Z multicellular spheroids elevated as the dosage of radiotherapy increased.Blocking of integrin aV function leaded to higher radiosensitivity and more apoptotic cells of CNE-2Z multicellular spheroids.Conclusion:Cell adhesion molecules integrin aV can influence the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells and the inhibition of cell apoptosis might be its mechanism.proved by three dimensional culture model to mimic solid tumor in vivo.     

Prognostic value of expression of EGFR and nm23 for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of expression of EGFR and nm23 in patients with advanced-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study population comprised 127 patients with stage III–IVa NPC with sufficient pretreatment tumor biopsy specimens from 2003 to 2004 and clinical follow-up data. The expression of EGFR and nm23 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier method. The correlation between pretreatment expression of EGFR and nm23, and the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy was analyzed. The EGFR expression was correlated with primary lesion stage and clinical stage (P = 0.001, 0.002, respectively). There was a statistically significant association between nm23 expression and local lymph node stage (P = 0.000). The positive EGFR expression had a higher recurrent rate than the negative (P = 0.015). The positive nm23 expression had a lower distant metastasis rate than the negative (P = 0.021). Negative expression of EGFR had a significantly better 5-year OS and DFS than positive expression (P = 0.015, 0.013, respectively). Positive expression of nm23 had a significantly higher 5-year OS and DFS than negative expression (P = 0.001, 0.006, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that both pretreatment EGFR and nm23 expression were strong independent factors for the overall survival of patients with NPC (P = 0.000, 0.000, respectively). Our data suggested that EGFR and nm23 can serve as reliable biomarkers for prognosis prediction in patients with NPC who may benefit from alternate treatment strategy and targeted treatment.     

沉默CDKN1A基因对鼻咽癌放射抗拒性CNE-2R细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的：探讨CDKN1A基因的表达与鼻咽癌放射敏感性的关系。方法构建慢病毒表达载体LV-CDKN1A-RNAi并转染鼻咽癌放射抗拒性CNE-2R细胞,设转染LV-CDKN1A-RNAi慢病毒的CNE-2R细胞为实验组,转染阴性对照慢病毒的CNE-2R细胞为阴性对照组,未转染的CNE-2R细胞为空白对照组。用CCK-8法、细胞克隆形成实验及流式细胞术分别检测各组细胞增殖、放射敏感性及细胞周期的变化。结果成功构建了CDKN1A基因沉默的CNE-2R细胞,CCK-8法检测显示实验组CNE-2R细胞在照射6 Gy后生长受到抑制,且随时间延长其抑制作用更为明显。细胞克隆形成实验显示实验组CNE-2R细胞放射敏感性增强（放射增敏比为SER=1.24）。流式细胞术检测显示实验组与对照组细胞相比, G0/G1期和G2/M期细胞分布在X射线照射6 Gy前后明显改变（P约0.05）。结论 CDKN1A基因沉默能增强鼻咽癌放射抗拒性CNE-2R细胞的放射敏感性,CDKN1A基因的表达可能与鼻咽癌放射敏感性相关,有望成为鼻咽癌治疗的新靶点。     

Epidermal growth factor receptor and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor expression predict poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R) proteins and IGF‐1R gene copy numbers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in relation to patients' characteristics and prognosis.

METHODS:

Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue derived from tumor specimens recovered during surgery. Slides were evaluated for membranous EGFR and IGF‐1R staining using both the HercepTest and the semiquantitative H‐score systems. Chromogenic in situ hybridization was performed to quantify IGF‐1R gene copy number. The primary outcome was the association between EGFR expression, IGF‐1R expression—in both neoplastic epithelial and stromal cells—or IGF‐1R gene copy number and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included associations between EFGR and IGF‐1R expression and pathologic variables.

RESULTS:

A total of 105 patients were included. EGFR expression was present in 30.4% of cases and was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = .038). IGF‐1R was overexpressed in 53% of tumors and correlated with higher tumor grade (P = .033). High membranous expression of EGFR (P < .001) and/or IGF‐1R (P = .004), the cytoplasmic detection of EGFR (P = .027), and high expression levels of IGF‐1R in the tumoral stroma (P < .001) were all associated with shorter overall survival, being significantly better in patients who simultaneously do not express membranous EGFR or stromal IGF‐1R.

CONCLUSIONS:

EGFR and IGF‐1R expression, in neoplastic and stromal cells, seems to be an important prognostic factor. Cancer 2012;3484–3493. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

E1A基因通过抑制NF-κB信号通路增加鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感性实验研究

目的 探讨E1A基因对人鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及其可能机制。方法 通过腺病毒载体介导,将E1A基因转染至鼻咽癌CNE-2R细胞,采用RT-PCR鉴定E1A基因的表达;分别给予未转染组(PBS组)、转染空载体Ad-β-gal组(Ad-β-gal组)和转染E1A组(Ad-E1A组)的CNE-2R细胞0、2、4、6、8 Gy照射,应用克隆形成实验检测各组CNE-2R细胞放射敏感性的变化;流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡;蛋白印迹法检测各组细胞NF-κB、CK2α、Bcl-2及Cleaved caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果 RT-PCR确认E1A基因已整合到CNE-2R细胞中且稳定表达;Ad-E1A组CNE-2R细胞克隆形成率明显少于PBS和Ad-β-gal组的克隆形成率,Ad-E1A组CNE-2R细胞SF2为0.217小于 PBS组和Ad-β-gal组的0.602和0.585(P<0.05),Ad-E1A组α/β值为24.68大于PBS组和Ad-β-gal组的5.268和5.132(P<0.05);流式细胞术显示单独放射可促进CNE-2R细胞的凋亡,当与E1A基因联合使用时,细胞凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05);蛋白印迹法显示E1A基因可下调NF-κB/P65、CK2α、Bcl-2和上调Cleaved caspase-3的表达。结论 E1A基因可以通过抑制CK2的表达阻断NF-κB信号通路以及促进细胞凋亡,来提高鼻咽癌细胞对放射的敏感性。     

血管内皮生长因子C、D在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:血管内皮生长因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor-C,VEGF-C)和D(vascular endothelial growth factor-D,VEGF-D)是目前已鉴定出的淋巴管生长因子,有研究表明肿瘤组织中VECF-C或VEGF-D过表达与淋巴转移有关.本研究旨在探讨鼻咽癌组织中VEGF-C和VEGF-D的表达情况及其临床意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测66例鼻咽癌组织中VEGF-C和VEGF-D的表达情况,同时检测血管内皮生长因子受体3(vascular endotheliaI growth factor receptor-3,VEGFR-3)和CD34染色情况并计数微淋巴管密度(lymphatic microvessel density,LMVD)和微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD).结果:VEGF-C高表达率在鼻咽癌组织中(54.5%)较鼻咽非肿瘤组织中(26.3%)高(P＜0.05);鼻咽癌伴区域淋巴结转移或T分期晚者,VEGF-C高表达率增高,单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析均表明区域淋巴结转移与VEGF-C高表达相关(P＜0.05),但VEGF-C高表达与性别、年龄、5年生存率、LMVD、MVD等因素无关(P＞0.05).VEGF-D阳性表达率在鼻咽癌组织中(69.7%)较鼻咽非肿瘤组织中(42.1%)高(P＜0.05);鼻咽癌中VEGF-D阳性表达与性别、年龄、T分期、区域淋巴结转移、LMVD、MVD等因素无关(P＞0.05),但与VEGF-C高表达显著正相关(P＜0.01),VEGF-D阳性表达者5年生存率(50.0%)显著低于VEGF-D不表达者(85.0%)(P＜0.01).结论:鼻咽癌中VEGF-C高表达与区域淋巴结转移密切相关;VEGF-D阳性表达与区域淋巴结转移无关,但与VEGF-C高表达正相关,且与5年生存率密切相关.     

Promoter hypermethylation contributes to the frequent suppression of the CDK10 gene in human nasopharyngeal carcinomas

Background

Previous studies have shown a down-regulation of the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase 10 (CDK10) in hepatocellular carcinomas. Here we provide evidence that down-regulation of the CDK10 gene is mediated by promoter hypermethylation in primary human nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) and NPC-derived cell lines.

Methods

RT-PCR, Western blotting, methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing were performed to assess the expression and methylation status of the CDK10 gene in primary NPC samples, NPC-derived cell lines and patient-derived peripheral blood samples. The NPC-derived cell line CNE-2 was selected for treatment with a methylation inhibitor to restore CDK10 expression. In addition, cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation assays were performed to assess the inhibitory effects of ectopic CDK10 expression in CNE-2 cells.

Results

Down-regulation of CDK10 expression in primary NPC samples (23/40, 57.5 %) was found to be significantly correlated with the methylation status of its promoter CpG island (21/40, 52.5 %). Demethylation by 5-aza-dC treatment led to reactivation of the CDK10 gene in the CNE-2 cell line. Additionally, exogenous expression of CDK10 in CNE-2 cells strongly suppressed its growth, invasion and colony formation capacities. The high sensitivity (15/40, 37.5 %) and specificity (0 % false positives) of detecting CDK10 promoter hypermethylation in NPC patient-derived peripheral blood samples suggest that it could be employed as an epigenetic marker for noninvasive cancer diagnosis and recurrence screening.

Conclusion

Our findings implicate that aberrant methylation of the CDK10 gene promoter occurs frequently in NPC, and that reactivation of CDK10 might be utilized as a novel epigenetic strategy for the treatment of NPC patients.     

表皮生长因子受体活化与鼻咽癌患者无转移生存的关系

背景与目的:表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)在多种肿瘤中高表达,且与预后相关,然而,EGFR对鼻咽癌的预后价值尚存争议。本研究检测鼻咽癌组织中EGFR及其磷酸化形式(phosphorylated EGFR,pEGFR)的表达,探讨其与鼻咽癌预后的关系。方法:收集中山大学肿瘤防治中心1999年1月至12月住院治疗鼻咽癌患者的鼻咽癌组织110例,同时收集20例正常鼻咽组织。利用免疫组化方法检测鼻咽癌组织及正常鼻咽组织中EGFR及pEGFR的表达,半定量方法评价染色情况;采用单因素和多因素方法分析蛋白表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果:EGFR及pEGFR在鼻咽癌组织和鼻咽正常组织的阳性率分别为100%(110/110)、10%(2/20)和60%(66/110)、15%(3/20),不同组织中两种蛋白表达的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);EGFR蛋白高表达与T分期相关(P=0.034),而与其他临床病理特征无关。单因素分析显示pEGFR高表达患者5年无转移生存率显著低于pEGFR低表达患者(72.2%vs.91.0%,P=0.012),而多因素分析显示pEGFR表达不是鼻咽癌患者无转移生存的独立预后因素。结论:pEGFR高表达与鼻咽癌患者的无转移生存相关,EGFR活化可能与鼻咽癌的转移有关。     

Effects of RNA interference targeting four different genes on the growth and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells

To explore the effects of RNA interference targeting four different genes (VEGF, C-myc, Survivin, hTERT) on the growth and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE-2Z cells. Fluorescein-labeled short-hairpin (sh)RNA plasmids together and separately targeting VEGF, C-myc, Survivin and hTERT were built and respectively called plasmid-shVEGF-shC-myc-shSurvivin-shhTERT, plasmid-shVEGF, plasmid-shC-myc, plasmid-shSurvivin, plasmid-shhTERT. These plasmids were respectively transfected into human NPC CNE-2Z cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice. The expression of plasmids in NPC CNE-2Z cells and xenograft tumors was observed. Cell proliferation was detected with MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. The effects of plasmids on the biological behavior of CNE-2Z cells were observed with transwell invision chamber models. Apoptosis was determined with flow cytometer. The inhibitory effect of plasmids on xenograft tumors was observed in nude mice. The plasmid containing four different shRNAs could significantly inhibit CNE-2Z cell proliferation and decrease invasion ability in vitro compared with plasmids with each single shRNA (P<0.05). The plasmid containing four different shRNAs could simultaneously downregulate VEGF, C-myc, surviving, hTERT mRNA and protein expression in the CNE-2Z cells. The multiple gene shRNA could more significantly induce cell apoptosis than each single shRNA, respectively (P<0.05). The combinative silencing of these four genes had a better inhibitory effect on xenograft tumors than the silencing of each single shRNA (P<0.05). RNA interference targeting multiple genes can effectively inhibit NPC proliferation and induce apoptosis, which provides an experiment basis for NPC gene therapy.     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞对鼻咽癌进展和预后的影响

背景与目的:有研究表明,在肺癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤组织中,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associatedmacrophages,TAMs)与肿瘤的预后呈负相关。然而在胃癌和部分结直肠癌的研究中得出了TAMs与预后呈正相关的结论。本研究旨在探讨TAMs对鼻咽癌(nasopharyngealcarcinoma,NPC)进展和预后的影响。方法:应用免疫组化技术检测60例鼻咽癌组织中TAMs标记物CD68的表达;分别培养正常巨噬细胞、鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1和CNE-2以及肺癌细胞株95D,将同浓度的3种癌细胞株的上清液加入同量的巨噬细胞中共培养1天,6天及加入LPS活化后继续培养1天,应用ELISA技术检测共培养后TAMs释放的细胞因子TNF-α和IL-10的表达。以与肺癌细胞株95D上清液共培养后的巨噬细胞作为阳性对照;正常巨噬细胞作为阴性对照。结果:鼻咽癌组织中TAMs高密度表达者的3年无瘤生存率(85.7%)明显高于低密度表达者(56.3%)(P=0.017)。与阳性对照组比较,接受鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1和CNE-2上清液刺激后的TAMs分泌TNF-α较少(73pg/ml,64pg/mlvs.7794pg/ml,P=0.001),经LPS活化后明显增多(6905pg/ml,6788pg/mlvs.137pg/ml,P=0.001);分泌IL-10很少(1pg/ml,1pg/mlvs.94pg/ml,P=0.002),经LPS活化后升高不明显(87pg/ml,99pg/mlvs.416pg/ml,P=0.015),与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性。结论:鼻咽癌组织中TAMs的密度与患者的预后呈正相关;与鼻咽癌细胞上清液共培养后TAMs分泌的细胞因子倾向于杀伤肿瘤细胞,促进机体的抗瘤免疫作用。     

AMIGO2通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路促进鼻咽癌细胞的增殖

目的：探讨Ig 样结构域 2 黏附分子（adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 2,AMIGO2）在鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）细胞增殖中的作用及其机制。方法: 选用2017年9月至11月福建省肿瘤医院收集的10例NPC组织和10例正常鼻 咽黏膜上皮组织标本,以及NPC细胞系CNE-1、CNE-2、SUNE-1、 6-10B、 C666-1和人永生化鼻咽黏膜上皮细胞株NP69, 用qPCR法 检测NPC组织和细胞中AMIGO2 mRNA的表达。构建慢病毒载体干扰AMIGO2表达, 用qPCR法验证其干扰效率; 用CCK-8 法、克隆形成及流式细胞术检测干扰AMIGO2表达对NPC细胞增殖、克隆形成和凋亡的影响, 用 Western blotting 检测干扰 AMIGO2 表达对 NPC 细胞增殖及 PI3K/AKT/mTOR 信号通路相关标志蛋白表达的影响。结果: AMIGO2在NPC组织和 CNE-2和SUNE-1细胞中高表达（均P<0.01）。慢病毒AMIGO2感染后,CNE-2和SUNE-1细胞的AMIGO2干扰效率均达50%以 上。干扰AMIGO2表达,显著降低CNE-2和SUNE-1细胞增殖及克隆形成能力（均P<0.01）、明显提高细胞的凋亡率（均P<0.01）; 降低 SUNE-1 细胞中PI3K、AKT和mTOR磷酸化蛋白的表达水平 （均P<0.01）、下调survivin 和 PCNA 蛋白的表达水平（均P<0.01）。 结论：AMIGO2通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路促进NPC细胞增殖并抑制其凋亡,提示AMIGO2可能是NPC治疗的潜 在靶点。     

间隙连接蛋白Cx43、Cx45在鼻咽癌组织中的表达

背景与目的：间隙连接在细胞间的营养物质,离子和细胞调节因子的交换中起重要作用。间隙连接异常,细胞间的物质交换障碍,往往导致细胞分裂失控,在有些癌组织和癌细胞中存在间隙连接的功能异常。恢复这些癌细胞的间隙连接功能,它们表现出正常细胞的生物学表型,因此,探讨细胞间隙连接蛋白在鼻咽癌中的表达,将有可能为临床诊断提供方法。为鼻咽癌的发病机理提供新思路。方法;采用免疫组化技术检测间障连接蛋白Cx43,Cx45在鼻咽组织中的表达。结果：（1）Cx43,Cx45在鼻咽慢性炎症组织和鼻咽癌组织中有表达差异,在鼻咽癌中,Cx43,Cx45阳性率为44．8％,46．6％,与鼻咽慢性炎症柱状上皮细胞阳性率为85％和100％比较,显著性下降（P＜0．01）,（2）鼻咽慢性炎症组织比鼻咽癌组织含鳞状细胞的百分率低（P＜0．01）,分别为29．7％和56．9％,（3）Cx43,Cx45在鼻咽癌旁柱状上皮细胞中的表达低于癌旁鳞状上皮细胞（P＜0．001）,高于癌细胞（P＜0．01）,结论：Cx43,Cx45在鼻咽组织中的表达异常,可能与鼻咽组织鳞化和癌变有关。