替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压逆转左心室肥厚的临床观察

目的　观察替米沙坦治疗轻、中度原发性高血压疗效、安全性和左心室肥厚的逆转作用。方法　 12 0例高血压患者服用替米沙坦 40 -80mg/d ,连服 2 8周。每周测血压一次 ,试验前、试验末各查 2 4h动态血压、心脏彩色多普勒超声。结果　替米沙坦能有效降低血压 ,降压总有效率达 78% ,疗效显著 ,且可逆转左心室肥厚、改善左心室舒张功能(p <0 .0 1)。结论　替米沙坦疗效确切 ,对左心室肥厚有逆转作用 ,耐受性好     

替米沙坦降压疗效的临床研究

目的前瞻性评估替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压的降压疗效和安全性. 方法 139例轻中度原发性高血压病人随机服用替米沙坦40～80 mg或福辛普利10～20 mg共26周,服药前、后行动态血压监测(ABPM),观察24 h SBP和DBP、谷峰比值、给药末6 h血压变化、降压有效率和不良反应.结果替米沙坦和福辛普利均能有效降低血压,26周治疗有效率分别为75%和72%(P>0.05),替米沙坦谷峰比值较福辛普利高(SBP72% vs 62%,P<0.05;DBP75% vs 63% P<0.05),且较福辛普利具有更强的降低清晨200-800血压的作用(P<0.05).替米沙坦不良反应发生率较少.结论替米沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压安全有效,耐受性好,可持续24 h理想的控制血压.     

替米沙坦治疗轻中度高血压的临床疗效和安全性--多中心随机对照临床试验

目的：（1）比较替米沙坦40mg或80mg与氯沙坦50mg或100mg每天一次口服治疗轻中度高血压的疗效和安全性；（2）评价替米沙坦40mg每天一次口服治疗轻中度高血压的24h降压效果及谷／峰比值。方法：（1）多中心、随机、双盲、双模拟平行分组试验。330例轻中度高血压（95mm Hg≤舒张压＜110mm Hg，收缩压＜180mm Hg,1mm Hg=0.133kPa)患被随机分入替米沙坦组（164例）和氯沙坦组（166例），分别每天一次口服替米沙坦40mg或氯沙坦50mg。4周后如坐位舒张压≥90mm Hg，则改为替米沙坦80mg或氯沙坦100mg每天一次口服。（2）开放试验。同样条件的20例患服用替米沙坦40mg共6周，于替米沙坦治疗前后各进行24h动态血压监测。结果：（1）治疗8周末，替米沙坦组的坐位收缩压及舒张压下降幅度大于氯沙坦组（12．5mm Hg vs 9.4mm Hg,P=0.037及10.9mm Hg vs 9.3mm Hg,P=0.030);(2)替米沙坦降低轻中度高血压的总有效率高于氯沙坦（70．1％ vs 58.7%,P=0.020);(3)替米沙坦级瑟氯沙坦组的不良事件发生率相似（23．2％ vs 22.9%,P=0.952);(4)替米沙坦40mg每天一次口服，其收缩压的谷／峰比值为66．5％，舒张压的谷／峰比值为76．8％；24h平均血压下降10．2／7．8mm Hg，用药末6h的平均血压下降10.0/9.2mm Hg。结论：（1）替米沙坦40mg或80mg每天一次口服治疗轻中度高血压安全有效；（2）替米沙坦适合每天一次服用，其降压作用可维持24h。     

非洛地平缓释片(波依定)对高血压病患者的血压昼夜节律及左室舒张功能影响的临床研究

目的 观察非洛地平缓释片治疗非杓型高血压病患对血压昼夜节律异常及对左室舒张功能的影响。方法 78例患每日晨8时顿服波依定5-1Omg／d，服药前及治疗8周后行24h动态血压监测及超声心动图检测E峰、A峰及JVE比值。结果 78例完成治疗的病人中，58例血压昼夜节律异常逆转，同时左室舒张功能(E、A及A／E)改善，而20例血压昼夜节律无逆转，左室舒张功能与治疗前比较无差异。结论 经非络地平缓释片治疗后，74％的非杓型高血压患，可改善血压昼夜节律异常及左室舒张功能。     

利用平滑指数评价替米沙坦的平稳降压作用

目的 利用平滑指教评价替米沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压的降压平稳性.方法 采用自身对照的方法,对40例轻中度高血压患者,口服替米沙坦80mg,1次/d,疗程8周,于治疗前后进行24h动态血压监测并计算平滑指数.结果 治疗8周后,24h平均收缩压和舒张压、日问平均收缩压和舒张压、夜间平均舒张压和收缩压与治疗前比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)收缩压平滑指数为(1.11±0.32),舒张压平滑指数为(1.01±0.12).结论 替米沙坦治疗原发性轻中度高血压平稳、有效并具有良好的平滑指数.     

替米沙坦降压疗效的临床研究

目的　前瞻性评估替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压的降压疗效和安全性。　方法　 139例轻中度原发性高血压病人随机服用替米沙坦 4 0～ 80mg或福辛普利 10～ 2 0mg共 2 6周 ,服药前、后行动态血压监测 (ABPM ) ,观察 2 4hSBP和DBP、谷峰比值、给药末 6h血压变化、降压有效率和不良反应。结果　替米沙坦和福辛普利均能有效降低血压 ,2 6周治疗有效率分别为 75 %和 72 % (P >0 0 5 ) ,替米沙坦谷峰比值较福辛普利高 (SBP :72 %vs 6 2 % ,P <0 0 5 ;DBP :75 %vs 6 3%P <0 0 5 ) ,且较福辛普利具有更强的降低清晨 2 :0 0 - 8:0 0血压的作用 (P <0 0 5 )。替米沙坦不良反应发生率较少。结论　替米沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压安全有效 ,耐受性好 ,可持续 2 4h理想的控制血压     

动态血压评价替米沙坦、氯沙坦治疗轻、中度高血压的临床疗效

目的　比较选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂替米沙坦、氯沙坦治疗轻、中度原发性高血压的疗效及安全性。方法　对 77例原发性高血压患者分成两组 ,分别予以替米沙坦 80mg,氯沙坦 5 0mg ,每日一次 ,6周后观察动态血压 (ABPM)评价降压效果。结果　替米沙坦和氯沙坦两组 2 4小时平均动态收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)均明显降低 ,替米沙坦 80mg的降压效果比氯沙坦 5 0mg更好 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,特别是在给药间期的最后 4～ 6小时 ,SBP/DBP替米沙坦降低了12 .3± 14 /7.2± 0 .9mmHg ,氯沙坦降低了 6.0± 1.6/3 .8± 0 .9mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　替米沙坦 80mg每日用药一次 ,可以保持正常的血压昼夜节律 ,提供 2 4小时血压控制的效果     

缬沙坦治疗原发性轻中度高血压疗效观察

目的 观察缬沙坦治疗原发性轻中度高血压临床疗效。方法 选择原发性轻中度高血压患者30例,给予缬沙坦80mg每日一次口服,服药2周后未达标准者,则增至160mg每日一次,共治疗8周。于用药前,及用药后1周、2周、4周、6周、8周分别测偶测血压;于用药前及用药结束后进行24h动态血压监测。结果 缬沙坦治疗8周后,降压总有效率为86.6%。用药2周达到最大降压效果,降低收缩压及舒张压的谷峰比值分别为59.1%和63.2%,且不改变血压昼夜节律。结论 缬沙坦80mg-160mg每日一次口服,能有效的控制原发性轻中度高血压的血压水平。     

北京降压0号和吲哒帕胺对左室肥厚的逆转作用

目的 采用动态血压监测的方法比较北京降压0号与吲哒帕胺治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效和谷峰比值(T/P),平滑指数(SI),对左室肥厚(LVH)逆转情况.方法 服用安慰剂2周后的轻中度原发性高血压并经二维超声心动图确诊有LVH的患者60例,随机分为两组,北京降压0号组1～2 片/d,吲哒帕胺组2.5～5 mg/d共24周,比较治疗前及治疗24周后坐位血压、动态血压(ABP)、左室质量指数(LVMI)的影响,并进行T/P、SI的计算.结果 降压0号组收缩压(SBP)谷峰比77.5%,SBP的SI为4.11,吲哒帕胺组SBP谷峰比74.0%,SBP的SI为3.97,两组SI及T/P比较差异无显著意义.治疗后两组室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室心肌质量量指数明显减少,P＜0. 05.结论 服北京降压0号1次/d,与吲哒帕胺长期治疗后均有明显降低血压,并维持24 h疗效,而且能够明显逆转LVH,改善左室舒张功能.     

北京降压0号和吲哒帕胺对左室肥厚的逆转作用

目的采用动态血压监测的方法比较北京降压0号与吲哒帕胺治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效和谷峰比值(T/P),平滑指数(SI),对左室肥厚(LVH)逆转情况。方法服用安慰剂2周后的轻中度原发性高血压并经二维超声心动图确诊有LVH的患者60例,随机分为两组,北京降压0号组1～2片/d,吲哒帕胺组2.5～5mg/d共24周,比较治疗前及治疗24周后坐位血压、动态血压(ABP)、左室质量指数(LVMI)的影响,并进行T/P、SI的计算。结果降压0号组收缩压(SBP)谷峰比77.5%,SBP的SI为4.11,吲哒帕胺组SBP谷峰比74.0%,SBP的SI为3.97,两组SI及T/P比较差异无显著意义。治疗后两组室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室心肌质量量指数明显减少,P<0.05。结论服北京降压0号1次/d,与吲哒帕胺长期治疗后均有明显降低血压,并维持24h疗效,而且能够明显逆转LVH,改善左室舒张功能。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.