自体CIK过继免疫治疗恶性肿瘤的最佳输注时间

摘要：目的:研究恶性肿瘤患者自体细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)的免疫表型与细胞毒活性的变化规律,探讨肿瘤患者CIK过继免疫治疗输注的最佳时间。 方法:采集40例恶性肿瘤患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),由IFN-γ、rhIL-1α、rhIL-2等细胞因子和CD3单克隆抗体体外诱导培养成CIK。用流式细胞术动态监测免疫表型,MTT法分析细胞毒活性。 结果：随着诱导时间的延长,PBMC中CD3⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺、CD3⁺CD56⁺表型细胞所占比例呈上升趋势。CD3⁺CD4⁺细胞在7 d达到峰值,随后缓慢下降。CD25⁺细胞在培养的早期(3～7 d)即达峰值,7～14 d缓慢下降,14～21 d快速下降。HLA-DR+细胞在0～14 d处于上升期,14 d达峰值后快速下降。成熟CIK细胞毒活性［(52.49±7.70)%］较未活化的PBMC［(7.02±2.00)%］显著增高(P<0.01)。 结论:14 d左右能诱导出典型的CIK,CD3⁺CD56⁺细胞处于对数生长期。确立自体CIK过继免疫治疗恶性肿瘤的最佳输注时间为第14天。     

The expanding horizon of immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant disorders: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and beyond

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a very effective therapeutic modality with curative potential in patients with hematological malignancies. The therapeutic efficacy is mainly based on the alloreactive reaction of donor lymphocytes against malignant cells of the recipient named as ‘graft-versus-leukemia’ or ‘graft-versus-tumor’ (GVL, GVT) effect. However, besides the beneficial GVL effect, alloreactive reaction attacks normal cells and provokes the deleterious ‘graft-versus-host disease’ (GVHD) which represents the major limitation of allo-SCT. Current trials have focused on a dual goal: augmentation of GVL and complete abolishment of GVHD. From a theoretical point of view complete dissociation of GVL from GVHD can occur by selecting antigenic targets present on malignant and absent from normal cells. Hematopoietic tissue-restricted minor histocompatibility antigens and leukemia or tumor-associated antigens are ideal candidates for tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Other options for inducing anti-tumor immunity in the absence of GVHD are natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy, amplification of immune responses by using monoclonal antibodies, and bispecific T and NK-cell engagers. Genetically modified immune effectors such as T-cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or transduced with T-cell receptors with anti-tumor specificity are another exciting field of immunotherapy against malignancies.     

单倍型造血干细胞移植后糖皮质激素耐药急性移植物抗宿主病的危险因素分析

目的分析单倍型造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)后糖皮质激素耐药急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月在北京大学血液病研究所接受haplo-HSCT后并发急性GVHD的成人急性髓系白血病/骨髓增生异常综合征患者的临床资料。结果共有85例急性GVHD患者纳入研究,男55例,女30例,中位年龄30(19~67)岁。糖皮质激素治疗后达到完全缓解(CR)53例(62.4%),部分缓解(PR)6例(7.1%),未缓解(NR)26例(30.6%)。Ⅰ/Ⅱ、Ⅲ/Ⅳ度急性GVHD组糖皮质激素治疗的CR率分别为66.2%(51/77)、25.0%(2/8)(χ^2=3.639,P=0.048);累及1个、2个靶器官急性GVHD组糖皮质激素治疗的CR率分别为77.4%(48/62)、21.7%(5/23)(χ^2=22.157,P<0.001);明尼苏达危险度积分标危、高危组糖皮质激素治疗的CR率分别为67.5%(52/77)、12.5%(1/8)(χ^2=7.153,P=0.004)。单因素和多因素分析均显示明尼苏达危险度积分高危和移植物单个核细胞量≥8.33×108/kg是发生糖皮质激素耐药急性GVHD的独立危险因素。明尼苏达积分标危组(77例)、高危组(8例)移植后22个月总生存率分别为(90.3±3.8)%、(75.0±15.3)%(χ^2=2.831,P=0.092);糖皮质激素治疗CR组(53例)、非CR组(32例)移植后22个月总生存率分别为(95.2±3.4)%、(78.6±7.9)%(χ^2=5.287,P=0.021)。结论明尼苏达危险度积分和移植物单个核细胞数可以预测haplo-HSCT后糖皮质激素耐药的急性GVHD。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后发生巨细胞病毒感染的临床分析

本研究总结巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的发生及治疗。对北京军区总医院血液科2010年1月至2012年1月140例异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果表明,140例allo-HSCT中48例患者发生移植后CMV感染,发生率为34.3%,首次检出CMV-DNA阳性中位时间为移植后45(33-68)d,CMV定量范围为1.25×103-5.5×106,其中2例为CMV相关性间质性肺炎,5例为CMV相关性出血性膀胱炎。发生移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)患者共65例,其中合并CMV感染32例,占49.2%。应用更昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠抗CMV治疗45(33-68)d后CMV-DNA转阴,有效率为100%。共有12例患者治疗过程中出现一过性的白细胞和血小板减少。结论:allo-HSCT后较易发生CMV感染,发生GVHD的患者CMV感染发生率也较高,更昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠对allo-HSCT后CMV感染的治疗效果可靠,且不良反应少。     

Severe cellulitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus and often isolated from aquatic environments. It is supposed to cause infections in patients with malignancy or immunodeficiency. It causes various healthcare-associated infections, but cellulitis is rare. Herein, we report the first case of sever cellulitis by A. xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 49-year-old man underwent allogeneic HSCT from 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor with myeloablative conditioning for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. He developed skin chronic graft versus host disease 11 months after HSCT. During the prolonged treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine, he developed cellulitis on his left leg and admitted to our hospital. Blood and exudate culture revealed A. xylosoxidans. Although empirical therapy with cefepime was ineffective, his symptoms were dramatically improved after administration of meropenem. To our knowledge, this is the first case of A. xylosoxidans cellulitis after allogeneic HSCT. A. xylosoxidans should be considered as a possible cause of cellulitis in post-allogeneic HSCT patients on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy.     

造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的超声改变

目的阐述血液病患者造血干细胞移植(HSCT)治疗后并发急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的腹部超声改变,探讨其在aGVHD诊断中的临床意义。方法对73例HSCT患者进行常规腹部超声检查,比较分析aGVHD患者(43例)及无aGVHD患者(30例)的肝脏、胆囊、胰腺、脾脏、肾脏及肠道声像图变化特征。结果aGVHD患者出现弥漫性肝实质损害、胆囊壁增厚、胆汁淤积、脾脏体积增大及肠蠕动异常等一系列超声变化,与无aGVHD患者比较存在明显差异(P<0.05)。结论HSCT治疗后并发aGVHD患者的腹部超声改变有特异性,能够为aGVHD的临床诊断提供较为可靠的影像学依据。     

Extracorporeal photopheresis as an immunomodulatory agent: Haematocrit‐dependent effects on natural killer cells

The GvHD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) represents an alternative therapeutic strategy to immunosuppressive therapy. Although ECP is used since 1990s, the mechanism of action has not yet been completely clarified. We analyzed cells collected from 20 ECP procedures of 4 patients affected by chronic GvHD and, for comparison, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of 10 healthy donors undergoing from same type of photochemiotherapy, evaluating by flow cytometry, the effects before and after photoactivation with 8‐MOP. The analysis showed a significant increase in cell death after ECP in particular in CD4 T lymphocytes as described in literature correlated with haematocrit value. Most interesting data emerge from the analysis of cytotoxic activity of NK cells, using flow cytometry analysis of surface expression of CD107a in the presence of target cells (K562). In all analyzed samples it was possible to document a statistically significant reduction of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells after photoactivation. The decrease of the cytotoxic activity was related to hematocrit value of leukoapheresis: in fact, lower HCT values were associated with a more marked reduction of cytotoxic activity. The study confirms literature data about the increase of cellular mortality induce by ECP. Furthermore, for the first time it is demonstrated that the ECP exerts a marked and significant inhibitory effect on the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Our study suggests that lower values of hematocrit are associated with better treatment outcome.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的发生及其危险因素的探讨

目的　探讨异基因造血干细胞移植 (allo HSCT)后急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)的发生率与预后的关系及其危险因素。方法　总结了 118例患者 12 0次的allo HSCT的临床资料。结果　 6 3例患者发生了aGVHD ,累积发生率为 5 2 .5 7%。其中轻度aGVHD (Ⅰ～Ⅱ度 ) 4 6例 ,累积发生率38 91% ,重度aGVHD(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度 ) 17例 ,累积发生率 14 .17%。 12 0例次患者移植后 2年时总的累积疾病复发率为 14 .14 % ,其中无aGVHD组和轻度aGVHD组的累积复发率分别为 12 .4 8% (6例 )和 2 0 .5 3%(9例 ) ,重度aGVHD(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度 )组无一例复发 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。无aGVHD组和轻度、重度GVHD组患者 2年时的生存率分别为 6 1.4 0 % ,6 4 .0 8%和 17.6 5 % ,重度aGVHD组预后较差 (P <0 .0 1)。非血缘关系移植 ,HLA配型不合为发生aGVHD的危险因素。而与患者的年龄、性别、移植方式、疾病种类、分期、供受者性别和血型、输入细胞数等因素无关。结论　aGVHD是HSCT的重要并发症 ,发生时间越早 ,症状越重 ,预后越差。非血缘关系移植 ,HLA配型不合为发生aGVHD的危险因素。     

同种异基因造血干细胞移植后基于血细胞嵌合状态的个体化免疫治疗

目的:研究同种异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后血细胞嵌合率变化与复发的关系;观察根据血细胞嵌合率变化给予个体化免疫抑制剂治疗和供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI)的疗效。方法:106例供者细胞顺利植入的allo-HSCT患者,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增短串联重复序列的方法,动态检测移植后T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞的嵌合率。根据血细胞嵌合率的变化调整免疫抑制剂剂量和DLI的使用。结果:6例患者在移植后2个月,供者T细胞嵌合状态一直为混合嵌合(MC),将免疫抑制剂减量后均达到完全供者嵌合(FDC)。12例患者在移植后1～5个月,发生供者T细胞嵌合率下降,予免疫抑制剂减量后转为FDC。24例患者血液学复发或髓外复发(进展),有6例在复发前共发生10例次血细胞嵌合率下降,经免疫抑制剂减量或停药后一度回升至FDC,但最终血液学或髓外复发。12例患者在复发或疾病进展后停用免疫抑制剂,共给予DLI23例次,其中8例在DLI前或后给予化疗,最终5例再次达到完全缓解,其余患者最终均因疾病复发死亡。Ⅱ度及Ⅱ度以上急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生率为28.3%。慢性GVHD发生率为55.7%。中位随访期为17(1.5～90.0)个月,无病生存65例,死亡41例。67例标危患者预期3年生存率为59.0%;39例高危患者预期3年生存率为44.7%。结论:T淋巴细胞、NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的嵌合状态可作为血液恶性肿瘤复发的预测指标;基于血细胞嵌合率的个体化免疫治疗可以推迟甚至避免临床复发,且不增加急性GVHD的发生。     

杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体基因对异基因造血干细胞移植后常见并发症及复发的影响

造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是某些血液肿瘤疾病、免疫缺陷疾病、遗传代谢疾病等的有效治疗手段.伴随着接受H SCT患者的增多,移植后各种并发症日益受到关注,其中以病毒感染、移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)最为常见.移植后疾病复发是导致移植失败的主要原因.自然杀伤(NK)细胞是人体非特异性细胞免疫的重要组成部分,对外来病原菌的入侵起到第一道防线作用.NK细胞的杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)基因家族可编码KIR,而部分KIR可与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-Ⅰ类分子特异性结合.近年来,有关供者KIR与移植后病毒感染,GVHD及复发的研究逐渐增多,某些KIR基因或者单倍体型可能与之密切相关.     

Donor lymphocyte apheresis for adoptive immunotherapy compared with blood stem cell apheresis

Donor lymphocyte transfusion has gained considerable interest as adoptive cellular immunotherapy for prevention or treatment of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This study was designed to compare the yield of CD3⁺, CD3⁺4⁺, CD3⁺8⁺, CD19⁺, CD3^?56⁺16⁺, and CD34⁺ cells contained in apheresis products from 61 consecutive non‐cytokine treated, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched donors for lymphocyte collection with the corresponding apheresis‐derived cell yield from 112 consecutive, HLA‐matched donors for blood stem cell collection who received recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF, filgrastim) 6 μg/kg every 12 hours until cell collection was completed. Apheresis was started on day 4 or 5 of rhG‐CSF treatment. The yield of lymphoid subsets was significantly different in the two sample groups, rhG‐CSF treated product yields exceeding untreated product yields by a median of 2.1‐fold (range: 1.3–2.6). However, the CD34⁺ cell yield in rhG‐CSF‐treated apheresis products exceeded untreated products by 26‐fold. A single untreated apheresis procedure was usually sufficient to collect a target dose of 1 × 10⁸/kg CD3⁺ cells. Untreated apheresis products contained a median of 0.2 × 10⁶/kg CD34⁺ cells. A potential engraftment dose of ≥0.5 × 10⁶ CD34⁺ cells per kg of recipient body weight was contained in 16% of 57 untreated apheresis products. One single apheresis performed in a normal, untreated donor provides a sufficient amount of CD3⁺ cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Compared with that of an rhG‐CSF stimulated apheresis product, the CD34⁺ cell count is usually, but not always, below the engraftment dose range. RhG‐CSF treatment has little effect on the yield of lymphoid subsets collected by apheresis but is highly selective of the release of CD34⁺ cells. This report provides baseline data for studies that will show whether other cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and/or Flt‐3 Ligand can immunomodulate allotransfusates in vivo to improve the graft‐vs.‐leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, while lowering the incidence and severity of graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD). J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:82–87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Autograft immune effector cells and survival in autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

In addition to stem cells, T‐cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes are also collected and infused from the autograft in patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recent reports have shown that these autograft immune effector cells can affect the clinical outcome postautologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this article, I will review the clinical impact on the survival of these autograft immune effector cells conferring the concept of autologous graft versus tumor effect.     

TLR5激动剂鞭毛蛋白预防小鼠异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的初步研究

本研究旨在探讨Toll样受体(TLR5)激动剂鞭毛蛋白(flagellin)对小鼠异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的预防作用和可能作用机制。用主要组织相容性抗原完全不合的纯种近交系小鼠〔供体鼠:雄性C57BL∕6鼠;受体鼠:雌性BALB∕c鼠〕建立allo-HSCT的aGVHD动物模型。受鼠随机分为3组:鞭毛蛋白组,于移植前后2次尾静脉注射高纯度(纯度≥95%)的鞭毛蛋白50μl〔5μg∕(只.次)〕预防aGVHD;单纯移植组,移植后仅给予等容量PBS;单纯照射组,仅照射不移植,亦给予等容量PBS。观察比较移植后aGVHD的表现。结果表明,移植小鼠均出现典型的aGVHD症状,单纯移植组小鼠死亡高峰在移植后第4-5天。用鞭毛蛋白作为aGVHD预防方案小鼠的aGVHD症状明显减轻,平均生存时间较单纯移植组显著延长(P<0.05)。三组小鼠移植前外周血白细胞数比较均无显著性差异,但在照射后第14、21天,鞭毛蛋白组较单纯移植组外周血白细胞数显著性升高(P<0.05)。鞭毛蛋白预防组移植小鼠aGVHD病理表现较单纯移植组明显减轻。流式细胞仪检测鞭毛蛋白组与单纯移植组移植前后不同时间点Treg细胞/CD4+T细胞含量结果也表明,移植后2-4周鞭毛蛋白组小鼠的Treg细胞数较单纯移植组明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:鞭毛蛋白对小鼠allo-HSCT后发生aGVHD有预防作用,能减轻其症状和病理损害程度,显著延长其平均生存时间,其机制有可能通过增加移植后小鼠的Treg细胞含量,从而有效改善并减轻移植后小鼠aGVHD。     

Ly49A转基因小鼠脾细胞对半相合异基因骨髓移植后GVHD和GVL的作用

目的　观察Ly4 9A基因转染的C5 7BL 6小鼠脾细胞对半相合异基因骨髓移植 (allo BMT)后移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)和移植物抗白血病效应 (GVL)的影响。方法　经由逆转录病毒介导将Ly4 9A基因转染至C5 7BL 6小鼠的脾细胞 ;流式细胞仪检测Ly4 9A受体在转染后脾细胞上的表达率 ;以亲代C5 7BL 6H 2 b 小鼠为供者 ,以接种EL96 11红白血病细胞的 (BALB c×C5 7BL 6 )F1H 2 d b(CB6F1)小鼠为受者 ,预处理条件为全身照射 (TBI,6 0 Co照射 10 .5Gy) ,进行脾细胞混合骨髓细胞移植 ,建立半相合异基因急性GVHD模型并在该模型基础上观察Ly4 9A基因转染的脾细胞对GVHD和GVL的作用。结果　Ly4 9A基因转染的C5 7BL 6小鼠的脾细胞 2 4h后蛋白表达率为 (42 .2 0± 4 .87) % ,空载体转染组为(18.6 7± 2 4 8) % ,未转染对照组为 (18.73± 3.82 ) % ,在半相合异基因移植中 (C5 7BL 6 H 2b →CB6F1H 2d b) ,未进行移植的单纯照射组生存期为 (7.80± 3.36 )d ;环磷酰胺治疗组生存期为 (2 1.70±2 87)d ;脾细胞混合骨髓细胞移植组生存期为 (2 9.4 0± 6 .4 3)d ;空载体转染的脾细胞混合骨髓细胞移植组生存期为 (2 9.10± 7.39)d ;Ly4 9A转染的脾细胞混合骨髓细胞移植组生存期为 (45 .0 0± 12 .38)d ,较上述各组生存期明显延长 (P     

小剂量环磷酰胺预防异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的临床研究

目的 评估小剂量环磷酰胺替代甲氨蝶呤的急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)预防新方案的疗效及安全性.方法 选择2013年1月至2015年5月于四川省人民医院血液科接受异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)的75例血液系统疾病患者为研究对象,其中43例患者接受亲缘全相合allo-HSCT,32例接受亲缘单倍体相合allo-HSCT.按照研究对象接受aGVHD预防方案不同分为,研究组(n=32,接受小剂量环磷酰胺联合环孢素A、吗替麦考酚酯的aGVHD预防新方案),对照组(n=43,接受甲氨蝶呤联合环孢素A、吗替麦考酚酯的aGVHD预防经典方案).对2组患者的性别构成比、年龄、不同疾病种类构成比、不同allo-HSCT类型构成比、移植后中性粒细胞及血小板植活时间、aGVHD及慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)发生率、移植相关性口腔黏膜炎及出血性膀胱炎(HC)发生率、复发率、总体生存(OS)率等指标进行回顾性分析,并进行统计学比较.本研究遵循的程序符合四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得患者知情同意,并签署知情同意书.结果 ①2组患者的性别构成比、年龄、不同疾病种类构成比、不同allo-HSCT类型构成比等一般临床资料分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②全部患者接受allo-HSCT后均获得造血干细胞植入,均达到完全嵌合状态,并且获得造血重建.研究组患者中性粒细胞植活时间为(13.9±1.6)d,对照组患者为(14.6±1.2)d,二者相比,差异无统计学意义(t=0.559,P=0.606);研究组患者血小板植活时间为(15.1±1.3)d,对照组患者为(17.2±1.4)d,二者相比,差异亦无统计学意义(t=1.512,P=0.374).③2组中接受亲缘全相合allo-HSCT的患者,allo-HSCT后100 d内Ⅰ～Ⅳ度aGVHD的累积发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.135,P=0.447).其中,Ⅰ～Ⅱ度及Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD的发生率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2=0.157、0.254,P=0.776、1.328).截至随访结束,2组中接受亲缘全相合allo-HSCT的患者局限型及广泛型cGVHD发生率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2 =0.018、1.342,P=0.264、0.327).2组中接受亲缘单倍体相合allo-HSCT的患者,allo-HSCT后100 d内Ⅰ～Ⅳ度aGVHD的累积发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.316,P=0.283);其中,Ⅰ～Ⅱ度及Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD的发生率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2=1.472、1.087,P=0.296、0.379).截至随访结束,2组中接受亲缘单倍体相合allo-HSCT的患者局限型及广泛型cGVHD发生率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2=1.312、1.129,P=0.287、0.284).④研究组患者接受allo-HSCT后,移植相关性口腔黏膜炎发生率为29.3％(9/32),低于对照组的75.6％(32/43),并且差异有统计学意义(x2 =7.26,P=0.008).其中,研究组患者2～4级移植相关性口腔黏膜炎发生率仅为12.6％(4/32),而对照组患者为52.8％(23/43).⑤2组患者接受allo-HSCT后HC发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.596,P=0.142).⑥截至随访结束,2组患者的复发率及OS率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2 =1.317、0.115,P=0.281、0.734).结论 小剂量环磷酰胺替代甲氨蝶呤的aGVHD预防新方案,不仅具有与aGVHD预防经典方案相似的预防aGVHD作用,保证造血重建,并且可以显著减低移植相关性口腔黏膜炎的发生率,同时并未增高HC的发生率.allo-HSCT后小剂量环磷酰胺替代甲氨蝶呤的aGVHD预防新方案是否可以作为aGVHD预防经典方案的替代选择,则尚需多中心、大样本的随机对照试验进一步研究、证实.     

Significance of donor‐derived isoagglutinins in ABO‐Incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Changes in isoagglutinin titers may have implications in the occurrence of hematological complications such as pure red cell aplasia or immune‐mediated hemolysis. Furthermore, isoagglutinin titers could reflect immunohematological reconstitution after transplantation. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between donor‐derived isoagglutinins (DDIs) and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). In total, 114 patients who underwent ABO‐incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were analyzed. Among these patients, 27.7% demonstrated increased donor‐derived isoagglutinins (IDDIs) against red blood cells (RBCs) of the recipient, and 32.8% of the patients showed DDIs that were not against RBCs of the recipient. Patients with acute GVHD and DDIs against RBCs of the recipient tended to have higher incidences of IDDIs that occurred before posttransplant day 60 compared with patients without acute GVHD (17.3 vs. 3.9%, P=0.058). In patients with acute GVHD, IDDIs occurred significantly earlier (mean, day 32 vs. 181, P=0.046), the period of elevation was shorter (mean, day 36 vs. 134, P=0.033), and the donors were younger (mean, 28 vs. 36 years, P=0.01) than those without GVHD. Moreover, significant correlations were found between IDDIs and acute GVHD. Taken together, these data underscore a possible role for humoral immunity in GVHD after HSCT. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:383–390, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

异基因造血干细胞移植中急性移植物抗宿主病的影响因素

急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)严重影响异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)的移植成功率,是移植相关死亡的重要原因.目前,通过研究aGVHD的相关影响因素,降低allo-HSCT后aGVHD的发生率是国内外学者研究的热点之一.本文拟就供、受者因素,移植前的预处理方案,以及移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的预防等方面,对近年allo-HSCT中aGVHD相关影响因素的研究最新进展进行总结.     

The effect of G-CSF used after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on engraftment times and platelet suspension replacement numbers

BackgroundWith the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the duration of neutrophil engraftment and hospitalization were shortened. However, there is no consensus on the effect of G-CSF on platelet engraftment time. The primary aim of our study is to determine the effect of G-CSF use on platelet engraftment time after HSCT. Secondary purposes are to determine the number of platelet suspension, number of erythrocyte suspension and incidence of acute graft versus disease after HSCT.Material and methodsPatients who had allogeneic stem cell transplantation at our center between 01.01.2011 and 01.01.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups as those who received and did not receive G-CSF after transplantation.ResultsA total of 64 patients were included. While 32 patients were given post-HSCT G-CSF support, the other 32 patients were not given. Neutrophil engraftment time and length of hospital stay were shorter in the group receiving G-CSF (p < 0.05). Platelet engraftment time was shorter in the group that did not receive G-CSF (p < 0.05). The incidence of acute GVHD of the patients in group 1 tended to be higher than the patients in group 2 (40.6 % vs 15.6 %, p = 0.052). Post-HSCT platelet suspension was less in the group that did not receive G-CSF, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.173).ConclusionWhile the positive effect of post HSCT G-CSF use on duration of neutrophil engraftment and hospitalization is evident, its effects on platelet engraftment need to be investigated.     

人脐带间充质干细胞治疗移植物抗宿主病的临床观察

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(UCMSCs)在急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)中的疗效及安全性。方法40名对激素无效的aGVHD患者分为两组,UCMSCs组:接受他克莫司+甲氨蝶呤(MTX)+UCMSCs抗GVHD治疗,常规治疗组:仅接受他克莫司+MTX治疗。结果 UCMSCs组治愈率及治疗有效率均高于常规治疗组(P0.05)。UCMSCs组治疗组及常规治疗组治疗起效的平均时间分别为(16.15±6.34)d、(20.8±6.94)d,(P0.05);治愈的平均时间分别为(25.5±7.18)d、(30.4±8.07)d,(P0.05)。UCMSCs组无1例因感染死亡。UC-MSCs组在输注UCMSCs过程中没有出现不良反应。UCMSCs及常规治疗组发生aGVHD各2例,无1例本病复发。讨论UCMSCs治疗aGVHD有效、安全。     

接受干细胞移植重型β地中海贫血患者部分细胞因子水平与移植物抗宿主病的关系

背景：细胞因子在移植物抗宿主病的发生发展过程中起至关重要的作用,但目前缺乏其在重型β地中海贫血中的研究报道。 目的：探讨细胞因子与重型β地中海贫血患者造血干细胞移植后发生移植物抗宿主病之间的关系。 方法：采用液相芯片技术检测11例重型β地中海贫血移植物抗宿主病出现前,出现时,出现第4天,第7天,完全消失时白细胞介素6、白细胞介素8、白细胞介素12、肿瘤坏死因子α、巨噬细胞游走抑制因子的动态变化。 结果与结论：各时相白细胞介素6、白细胞介素12、肿瘤坏死因子α、巨噬细胞游走抑制因子水平差异有显著性意义,移植物抗宿主病出现时各细胞因子水平最高,移植物抗宿主病出现第7天次之。各时相白细胞介素8水平差异有显著性意义,移植物抗宿主病出现第4天最高。以上结果提示移植物抗宿主病发生前后白细胞介素6、白细胞介素8、白细胞介素12、肿瘤坏死因子α、巨噬细胞游走抑制因子动态水平变化在一定程度上反映移植后患者的免疫状态,可作为辅助诊断移植物抗宿主病的监测指标。