雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物的制备及评价

目的制备雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物,探讨其形成机理并考察其稳定性。方法用静态离子交换法制备雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物,通过正交设计法优化处方制备工艺;通过光学显微镜观察药物树脂复合物的形态外观;通过X-ray衍射分析、差示扫描量热分析以及红外光谱分析探讨药物树脂复合物的形成机理;通过吸湿平衡曲线评价雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物的防潮性能;通过破坏性实验评价雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物的耐酸性能。结果优化所得最佳制备工艺:药物初始浓度为1.0g·L~(-1),药物树脂质量比为1︰3,溶液介质离子强度为0.001mol·L~(-1)的氢氧化钠溶液,制备温度为30℃。经红外光谱分析、X-ray衍射和DSC分析,药物树脂复合物所载药物是以化学键的形式结合到离子交换树脂上的。雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物也具有一定的防潮和耐酸性能。结论雷贝拉唑钠树脂复合物是通过化学键形成的,且在一定程度上能够提高药物的稳定性。     

可待因树脂复合物的表征及其药物释放

目的探讨可待因树脂复合物的形成机理,并考察其药物释放行为的影响因素。方法采用批式离子交换法制备可待因树脂复合物,通过扫描电镜、激光衍射粒度分析考察药物树脂复合物的形态外观;通过红外光谱、X-ray衍射、差示扫描量热分析探讨药物树脂复合物的形成机理;通过释放度试验考察离子种类、离子强度及不同pH值对可待因树脂复合物药物释放行为的影响。结果扫描电镜和粒度分析结果表明,药物树脂复合物的表面形态和粒径大小都与起始的离子交换树脂非常相似。红外光谱、X-ray衍射及DSC分析结果证实,药物树脂复合物所载药物是以化学键的形式结合到离子交换树脂上的,而且和离子交换树脂一样呈现无定型状态。可待因树脂复合物的释放度随着释放介质中离子强度的增加而增大,其释药动力学过程可用Viswanathan方程进行表征。结论可待因树脂复合物是通过化学键形成的,其药物释放行为受释放介质中离子种类、离子强度及不同pH值的影响。     

马来酸氯苯那敏药物树脂复合物制备工艺研究

目的:研究马来酸氯苯那敏药物树脂复合物制备工艺.方法:对静态法从离子交换树脂、药物溶液和盐离子浓度单因素考察,动态法从床高、交换柱直径和药物溶液浓度单因素来考察对制备工艺的影响趋势,并对2种制备工艺进行了优化.结果:静态法工艺简单,而动态法比静态法载药量高.结论:需要根据药物树脂复合物的应用形式来选择具体方法.     

药物树脂复合物的表面包衣法微囊化工艺

以马来酸氯苯那敏为模型药物,采用离子交换树脂(Amberlite IRP-69)为载体制备药物树脂复合物。再以丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit RS100)为包衣材料,通过离子交换的方式对氯苯那敏树脂复合物进行表面包衣,并对表面包衣工艺参数的影响进行单因素考察,以期制备具有良好缓释性能的氯苯那敏树脂复合物微囊。在本试验范围内,药物树脂复合物的载药量越高、Eudragit RS100浓度越高、反应介质(95%乙醇)用量越多以及反应温度越高,药物释放越慢。上述结果提示,表面包衣法制备药物树脂复合物缓释微囊的生产操作简单,工艺重现性好,可进一步作制剂加工。     

离子交换树脂度米芬复合物制备工艺优化

目的：制备苯乙烯系强酸型阳离子交换树脂度米芬复合物，并测定度米芬最大吸附量。方法：均匀设计优化度米芬树脂复合物的制备工艺，紫外分光光度法测定度米芬含量。结果：温度为55℃、药物树脂质量比为9：10、搅拌速度为500r·min^-1、搅拌时间为2h为优化条件。结论：该优化工艺制备简单，成本低，效果好。     

醇-水介质中离子交换法制备盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物

目的利用醇-水介质中离子交换制备盐酸小檗碱(berberine hydrochloride,BH)树脂复合物,考察其体外药物释放。方法测定盐酸小檗碱在乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度,采用动态和静态法载药。以乙醇-水(体积比为3∶2)为溶剂,将阻滞材料Eudragit RL100和药物同时溶解并载入Amberlite IRP64弱酸型离子交换树脂形成调释型药物-树脂复合物,用差示扫描量热(DSC)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)分析方法表征复合物,考察阻滞材料用量和释放介质对药物释放的影响。结果溶剂中乙醇-水的体积比为3∶2时,盐酸小檗碱溶解度最高。降低动态法的流速,可提高药物利用率;增大药物浓度,可使饱和时间点提前。XRD、DSC和FTIR分析结果显示,药物与离子交换树脂形成复合物。阻滞材料Eudragit RL100用量增加,药物释放缓慢。药物释放受介质pH影响,酸性条件下释药速率快。结论在乙醇-水混合溶剂中,采用一步法可同时载阻滞材料和药物,得到具有适宜释放特征的盐酸小檗碱-离子交换树脂复合物。     

难溶性药物布洛芬药物树脂复合物的制备及其体外释放研究

目的:制备布洛芬药物树脂复合物,并考察其体外释药动力学。方法:将布洛芬制备成可溶性的钠盐,采用不同交联度的离子交换树脂为载体以静态法制备布洛芬树脂复合物,并对布洛芬树脂复合物释放的影响因素进行考察。结果:随着树脂交联度的减小,树脂对布洛芬的载药速率变快,载药量增加。体外释药动力学研究表明,布洛芬药物树脂的释药速率随着释放介质离子强度的增加,温度的升高,以及树脂交联度和粒径的减小而加快;且布洛芬药物树脂的释放为pH依赖型。结论:采用离子交换树脂为载体制备的布洛芬树脂复合物具有一定的缓释特征。     

离子交换树脂与黄连提取物制备盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物的研究

目的对离子交换树脂与黄连提取物制备盐酸小檗碱树脂复合物的方法进行研究.方法采用不同方法从黄连中提取盐酸小檗碱,利用离子交换树脂对离子的交换能力直接在药物粗提物溶液中加入离子交换树脂制备盐酸小檗碱药物树脂复合.以离子交换树脂载药量及粗提物中杂质含量为标准确定最佳提取工艺.结果综合提取法所制得的药物树脂复合物在所尝试的方法中载药量最高,杂质含量最少.结论提取工艺中引入其他盐将极大影响离子交换树脂对目标物的交换.综合提取法较适于在粗提物溶液中直接加入树脂制备药物树脂复合物.     

离子交换树脂在药剂学中的应用进展

离子交换树脂药物载体在给药系统中的应用由于具有很多优点而得到了人们的重视。目前在控释、透皮给药、定位给药、速溶、离子导入透皮、鼻腔、局部给药和掩盖药物苦味等方面都有很深入的研究，在缓控释给药中占有特殊的地位。综述了这一药物载体在给药系统和作用部位应用的新进展，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

盐酸氨溴索药物树脂复合物体外释药动力学的研究

目的制备盐酸氨溴索药物树脂复合物并对其体外释药动力学进行考察。方法以静态 ,动态交换法制备了盐酸氨溴索药物树脂复合物并对盐酸氨溴索药物树脂在不同溶出介质 (去离子水、0 1 5mol·L-1NaCl、1mol·L-1NaCl和 0 1 5mol·L-1HCl以及 0 1 5mol·L-1KCl溶液 )中的释药动力学进行了考察。结果体外释药动力学研究表明 ,盐酸氨溴索药物树脂的释药速率随着树脂粒径的减小 ,溶出介质中离子强度的增大 ,温度的升高而加快 ,且释药速率与反离子种类有关。结论盐酸氨溴索药物树脂的释药速率与树脂粒径 ,溶出介质的离子强度 ,反离子种类 ,温度有关。     

马来酸曲美布汀胃漂浮缓释片的处方筛选及体外评价

目的筛选马来酸曲美布汀胃漂浮缓释片的处方,并评价其漂浮和体外释放特性。方法用正交实验设计对片剂处方进行筛选与优化,制备马来酸曲美布汀胃漂浮缓释片,测定其体外释药与漂浮特性。结果优选的处方为每片含HPMC800030 mg,CMC-Na 30 mg,十六醇70 mg,CaCO330 mg。该处方片剂在硬度为3-4 kg时漂浮性好,体外持续释药达6 h以上,符合Higuchi模型。结论该片剂具漂浮、缓释作用,制备工艺简单。     

Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of bergenin-phospholipid complex

Aim:

To prepare a bergenin-phospholipid complex (BPC) to increase oral bioavailability of the drug.

Methods:

In order to obtain the acceptable BPC, a spherical symmetric design-response surface methodology was used for process optimization. The influence of reaction medium, temperature, drug concentration and drug-to-phospholipid ratio on the combination percentage and content of bergenin in BPC were evaluated. BPC was then characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction. The physicochemical properties such as microscopic shape, particle size, zeta-potential, solubility, crystalline form, and hygroscopicity were tested. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability of BPC were investigated after oral administration in rats in comparison to bergenin and the physical mixture (bergenin and phospholipids).

Results:

BPC was successfully prepared under the optimum conditions [temperature=60 °C, drug concentration=80 g/L and drug-to-phospholipids ratio=0.9 (w/w)]. The combination percentage was 100.00%±0.20%, and the content of bergenin in the complex was 45.98%±1.12%. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of BPC showed spherical particles. The average particle size was 169.2±20.11 nm and the zeta-potential was -21.6±2.4 mV. The solubility of BPC in water and in n-octanol was effectively enhanced. The C_max and AUC_0→∞ of BPC were increased, and the relative bioavailability was significantly increased to 439% of bergenin.

Conclusion:

The BPC is a valuable delivery system to enhance the oral absorption of bergenin.     

Preparation and evaluation of microencapsulated ion-exchange resin beads.

Ion-exchange resin beads in the benzoate form were coated by several microencapsulation techniques to alter and improve characteristics, especially the control of drug release, of this type of drug delivery system. The most successful techniques included polymer-polymer interaction, temperature change, and nonsolvent addition. The microencapsulated beads then were studied with respect to the release rate of the organic anion to determine the effects of microencapsulation. The release rate of the organic anion could be controlled over a wide range, depending on the encapsulating material characteristics. Factors affecting the extent and rate of release as result of microencapsulation are discussed.     

Preparation and characterization of superporous hydrogels as gastroretentive drug delivery system for rosiglitazone maleate

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Many drugs which have narrow therapeutic window and are absorbed mainly in stomach have been developed as gastroretentive delivery system. Rosiglitazone maleate, an anti-diabetic, is highly unstable at basic pH and is extensively absorbed from the stomach. Hence there is a need to develop a gastroretentive system. In this study a superporous hydrogel was developed as a gastroretentive drug delivery system. METHODS: Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network type superporous hydrogels were prepared using a gas foaming method employing glyoxal as the crosslinking agent for Rosiglitazone maleate. Sodium bicarbonate was applied as a foaming agent to introduce the porous structure. Swelling behaviors of superporous hydrogel in acidic solution were studied to investigate their applications for gastric retention device. The optimum preparation condition of superporous hydrogels was obtained from the gelation kinetics. FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, porosity and swelling ratio studies were used to characterize these polymers. In vitro drug release studies were also carried out. RESULTS: The introduction of a small amount of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) enhanced the mechanical strength but slightly reduced the swelling ratio. The prepared superporous hydrogels were highly sensitive to pH of swelling media, and showed reversible swelling and de-swelling behaviors maintaining their mechanical stability. The degradation kinetics in simulated gastric fluid showed that it had biodegradability. Swelling was dependent on the amount of chitosan and crosslinker. The drug release from superporous hydrogels was sustained for 6 hrs. MAJOR CONCLUSION: The studies showed that chitosan-based superporous hydrogels could be used as a gastroretentive drug delivery system for rosiglitazone maleate in view of their swelling and prolonged drug release characteristics in acidic pH.     

姜黄素非离子表面活性剂囊泡的制备优化及质量评价

目的:通过星点设计-效应面法(central composite design-response surface methodology ,CCD-RSM)优化姜黄素非离子表面活性剂囊泡(curcumin niosomes ,Cur-Nio)的制备工艺和处方,并进行质量评价。方法:采用薄膜分散-超声法以硬脂山梨坦(Span 60)和胆固醇作为载体材料制备Cur-Nio,以包封率、载药量、平均粒径为考察指标,以总评"归一值"为评价指标优化制备处方。以CCD-RSM选取最佳处方,用二项式进行拟合预测分析,按优化出的处方制备Cur-Nio,考察测定Cur-Nio粒径、PDI和Zeta电位,透射电镜观察Cur-Nio形态,差式扫描热及X-射线衍射分析结构特征及晶型是否有变化,并对其稳定性及体外释放进行考察。结果:Cur-Nio的制备最佳处方及工艺条件为Span 60与胆固醇的质量比值为3.096∶1、水化时间为65 min、水化体积为19.45 mL;优化后的处方制备出的Cur-Nio的平均粒径是(151.70±2.003)nm,PDI为0.21±0.013,Zeta电位为(-45.10±1.40) mV,包封率为(82.91±0.59)%;透射电镜观察Cur-Nio外观圆整;长期存放4 ℃具有一定稳定性;差式扫描热及X-射线衍射结果表明Cur以无定型或分子状态包裹在囊泡中;体外释放结果表明,与游离姜黄素溶液相比,具有明显缓释效果。结论:通过CCD-RSM优化后的Cur-Nio,制备工艺简单,外观圆整,粒径均匀,具有缓释作用,符合优化试验结果。有效提高了姜黄素的生物活性,可用于进一步研究。     

抗HIV复合制剂的制备及评价

目的:制备含有3个活性成分的抗HIV复合制剂,评价体外溶出曲线和比格犬体内药动学。方法:通过分别制粒的方法制备复合制剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定溶出度,比较复合制剂与混合单方片的溶出相似性。通过双周期交叉给药,比格犬口服复合制剂与混合单方片,采用高效液相-质谱联用方法测定拉米夫定、富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯和ACC007的血浆浓度,比较复合制剂与混合单方片的药动学参数。结果:复合制剂与混合单方片的3个活性成分在4种介质中的溶出曲线相似性因子f₂都>50,在比格犬血浆中的主要药动学参数无明显差异,复合制剂中拉米夫定、富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯和ACC007较混合单方片中的平均相对生物利用度分别为108%,91%和112%。结论:复合制剂与混合单方片的体外溶出相似,比格犬体内生物利用度等效,预示临床等效可能性高。     

Design,optimization and evaluation of mesalamine matrix tablet for colon drug delivery system

The aim of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate matrix tablet of mesalamine for colonic delivery by using Eudragit RSPO, RLPO and combination of both. The tablets were further coated with different concentration of pH-dependent methacrylic acid copolymers (Eudragit S100), by dip immerse method. The physicochemical parameters of all the formulations were found to be in compliance with the pharmacopoeial standards. The in vitro drug release study was conducted using sequential dissolution technique at pH 1.2 (0.1N) HCl, phosphate buffers pH 6.8 and 7.4, with or without rat cecal content mimicking different regions of gastro intestinal tract. The result demonstrated that the tablet containing Eudragit RLPO coated with Eudragit S100 (1 %) showed a release of 94.91 % for 24 h whereas in the presence of rat cecal content the drug release increases to about 98.55 % for 24 h. The uncoated tablets released the drug within 6 h. The in vitro release of selected formulation was compared with marketed formulation (Octasa MR). In vitro dissolution kinetics followed the Higuchi model via non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism. The stability studies of tablets showed less degradation during accelerated and room temperature storage conditions. The enteric coated Eudragit S100 coated matrix of mesalamine showing promising site specific drug delivery in the colon region.     

Preparation and evaluation of nattokinase-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system

In the present study, we prepared nattokinase-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS) and investigated its preliminary pharmacodynamics. The type and concentration of oil phase, inner aqueous phase and emulsifier were screened to prepare optimum nattokinase-loaded SDEDDS. Next, the optimum formulations were characterized based on microstructure, volume-weighted mean droplet size, self-emulsifying rate, yield, storage stability, in vitro release and in vivo pharmacodynamics studies. The water/oil/water multiple emulsions exhibited typical multiple structure, with relatively small volume-weighted mean droplet size 6.0 ± 0.7 μm and high self-emulsifying ability (self-emulsifying time <2 min). Encapsulation of nattokinase was up to 86.8 ± 8.2%. The cumulative release of nattokinase within 8 h was about 30%, exhibiting a sustained release effect. The pharmacodynamics study indicated that nattokinase-loaded SDEDDS could significantly prolong the whole blood clotting time in mouse and effectively improve the carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis compared with nattokinase solution. Moreover, we showed that SDEDDS could successfully self-emulsify into water/oil/water multiple emulsions upon dilution in dispersion medium with gentle stirring and effectively protect nattokinase activity in gastric environment. Our findings suggested that SDEDDS could be a promising strategy for peptide and protein drugs by oral administration.     

Curcumin-phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats

A novel formulation of curcumin in combination with the phospholipids was developed to overcome the limitation of absorption and to investigate the protective effect of curcumin–phospholipid complex on carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage in rats. The antioxidant activity of curcumin–phospholipid complex (equivalent of curcumin 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and free curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated by measuring various enzymes in oxidative stress condition. Curcumin–phospholipid complex significantly protected the liver by restoring the enzyme levels of liver glutathione system and that of superoxide dismutase, catalase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances with respect to carbon tetrachloride treated group (P < 0.05 and <0.01). The complex provided better protection to rat liver than free curcumin at same doses. Serum concentration of curcumin obtained from the complex (equivalent to 1.0 g/kg of curcumin) was higher (C_max 1.2 μg/ml) than pure curcumin (1.0 g/kg) (C_max 0.5 μg/ml) and the complex maintained effective concentration of curcumin for a longer period of time in rat serum. The result proved that curcumin–phospholipid complex has better hepatoprotective activity, owe to its superior antioxidant property, than free curcumin at the same dose level.