蒙药达克沙的本草考证

据调查考证,蒙医用达克沙主要来源于３科３属１７种植物。但《内蒙古蒙药材标准》确定的正品史有其中的多味棘豆Ｏｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓ ｍｙｒｉｏｐｈｙｌｌａ和硬毛棘豆Ｏ．ｈｉｒｔａ二种。     

蒙医用达克沙的本草考证与商品调查

据调查考证,蒙医用达克沙主要来源于３科３属１７种植物。但《内蒙古蒙药材标准》确定的正品只有其中的多棘豆Ｏｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓ ｍｙｒｉｏｐｈｙｌｌａ（Ｐａｌｌ．）ＤＣ。和硬毛棘豆Ｏ．ｈｉｒｔａ Ｂｑｅ．２种。     

棘豆属蒙药材的DNA条形码鉴定研究

目的:利用ITS2序列对棘豆属蒙药材进行分子鉴定。方法:对棘豆属正品药材硬毛棘豆Oxytropis fetissovii Bge.、多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla(Pall.)DC.样品和伪品大花棘豆Oxytropis grandiflora(Pall.)DC.样品的ITS2序列进行了PCR扩增和测序。为扩大研究范围,又从Gen Bank中下载了棘豆属与黄芪属植物样本的ITS2序列。经ITS2 Database网站处理截取ITS2序列,并采用MEGA 5.10计算相关数据,基于K2P模型构建聚类树(NJ树)。并从ITS2网站上获得样本及下载序列的ITS2二级结构信息,分析各样本间ITS2序列二级结构的差异。结果:棘豆属药材的ITS2序列较短,序列长度为216~218 bp,有利于DNA的提取、PCR扩增和测序。多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla(Pall.)DC.、硬毛棘豆Oxytropis fetissovii Bge.与大花棘豆Oxytropis grandiflora(Pall.)DC.的种内遗传距离大于种间遗传距离。在NJ树模型中,棘豆属正品药材与非正品样品可以区分开;与黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.比较也可以区分开。结论:以ITS2序列为标准的DNA条形码能够有效的鉴定棘豆属药材。     

紫外分光光度法测定蒙药材多叶棘豆中总黄酮含量

目的:建立蒙药材多叶棘豆中总黄酮含量的测定方法。方法:采用紫外分光光度法对多叶棘豆中总黄酮含量进行测定,并对其方法学进行考察。结果:对照品芦丁在0.01～0.08 mg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5),平均加样回收率为94.66%(RSD=2.46%),多叶棘豆总黄酮平均含量为0.332 8 mg/g。结论:建立了蒙药材多叶棘豆中总黄酮含量的测定方法,所建立的方法简便、可靠、重复性好,可用于多叶棘豆药材的质量控制。     

蒙药材多时棘豆的生药鉴定

对蒙药材多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla(Pcll)DC.进行性状、显微鉴别研究,以便开发利用这一野生资源.     

“达格沙”类蒙药品种考证及应用现状调查

“达格沙”是蒙古族医（以下简称蒙医）、藏族医（以下简称藏医）临床常用药,具有杀“粘”、消肿、解毒的功效,由于对历代医药书籍传承有异,“达格沙”类蒙古族药（以下简称蒙药）品种有同名异物、同物异名的现象,使得各地用药不统一。通过梳理古籍和现代文献资料,多方面系统总结“达格沙”类蒙药的名称、基原、功效等方面的内容,同时对蒙药标准和内蒙古地区各蒙医医院使用的含有棘豆类药材的复方制剂进行整理和调查,归纳现代蒙医临床的应用情况,进而对该类蒙药的品种进行考证。结果表明,“达格沙”类蒙药的正品来源为多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla （Pall.） DC.和毛棘豆O.hirta Bge.,药用部位为干燥地上部分。标准收载和各蒙医医院使用的复方制剂中使用最多的是多叶棘豆,存在翻白草、镰形棘豆等误用和混用品。有必要进一步加强品种整理研究,深入探讨正品与误用和混用品之间的性味功效、药效物质、药理作用之间的联系,为“达格沙”类蒙药临床用药的合理性和扩大用药的可能性提供指引。     

蒙药材多叶棘豆中微量元素的提取方法选择和含量测定

目的 比较不同提取方法对蒙药材多叶棘豆中微量元素含量的影响.方法 采用直接消化法、超声波法和微波消解法3种不同的提取方法,采用原子吸收光谱法进行测定.结果 超声波法和微波消解法铁提取率较高,锰的差别不大;铁、锰含量分别为625.0,113.3 μg/g(微波消解法);619.1,117.4 μg/g(超声波法);533.3,110.4 μg/g(直接消解法).结论 超声波法和微波消解法适于蒙药材微量元素的提取.     

蒙药材多叶棘豆的研究进展

蒙药材多叶棘豆为豆科植物狐尾藻棘豆的干燥地上部分,具有杀黏、清热、燥协日乌素、愈伤、生肌、锁脉止血、消肿等功能;主治脉伤,新旧创伤,陶赖,赫如虎,协日乌素症,各种出血症作用.化学成分以及含量研究方面概括起来有挥发油、糖类、三萜、黄酮类、微量元素等.本论文对多叶棘豆的临床应用、化学成分以及含量研究进展方面进行综述,对多叶棘豆的综合利用以及进一步研究提供参考.     

蒙药材多叶棘豆的生药鉴定

对蒙药材多叶棘豆Ｏｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓ ｍｙｉｏｐｈｙｌｌａ （Ｐｃｌｌ）ＤＣ,进行性状,显微鉴别研究,以便开发利用这一野生资源。     

蒙药材硬毛棘豆的概述

蒙药材硬毛棘豆为豆科植物硬毛棘豆Oxytropishirta Bunge的干燥地上部分,具有杀黏、清热、燥协日乌素、愈伤、生肌、锁脉止血、消肿等功能;主治脉伤,新旧创伤,陶赖,赫如虎,协日乌素症,各种出血症。本论文对硬毛棘豆的植物形态特征、种植、栽培、化学成分以及含量研究进展、应用、等方面进行综述,对硬毛棘豆的综合利用以及进一步研究提供参考。     

蒙药占巴的本草考证

据调查考证,蒙医用的占巴主要来源于1科3属7种植物,但《内蒙古蒙药材标准》确定的正品只有其中的蜀葵Althaea rosea(L.)Cavan.、大花葵Malva sylvestris L.var.mauritiana L.和冬葵M.verticillata L.等3种。     

蒙医用茵陈的本草考证及商品调查

据调查考证,蒙医用的茵陈主要来源于1科2属共五种植物,但《内蒙古药材标准》确定的正品只有其中的滨蒿Artemisia scoparia和茵陈蒿A.capillaris二种。     

蒙药利得日的本草考证

经调查考证,今蒙藏各地传统医学所用的利得日各有不同,其原植物有4科4属10种,其中正品利得日的原植物应为宽筋藤 Tinospora sinensis(Lour.)Merr、心叶宽筋藤Tinospora cordifolia Miers和金果榄Tinospora capillipesGagnep.等三种藤本植物。     

Ethnozoological study of medicinal animals on Jeju Island,Korea

Aim of the study

The purpose of this study is to analyze and record traditional knowledge of animals utilized by the indigenous people living on Jeju Island in Korea.

Materials and methods

Data was collected through the participatory rural appraisal method involving interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions, and overt observations with semi-structured questionnaires.

Results

This study recorded a total of 64 families, 73 genera, and 77 species of animals that produced 1160 methods for usages. Fishes occupied 36.4% of the total animals listed, followed by mammals at 19.5%, molluscs at 16.9%, and arthropods at 10.4% of the whole, respectively. In regards to usage, 52 species utilized as food products, totaled 67.5%, followed by 40 species for medicinal use, five species related to cultivation, with three species connected to veterinary medicine, and one species for cosmetics.

Conclusion

This study validates the fact that animal species play a major role, not only for edible recipes, but also in healing practices among its inhabitants. The conservation of particular animal species related to this study needs to be considered by authorities within this field of research to preserve the local medicinal knowledge. The empirical knowledge recorded in this study will provide outstanding possibilities for the discovery of new sources of medicine for the drug industry.     

内蒙古凤毛菊属药用植物资源调查

根据实地调查和分类鉴定研究,结合文献资料,报道了内蒙古凤毛菊属１６种、７变种药用植物及其分布、生境、贮藏量、药用价值,并编制了分种检索表。该研究有助于对本属植物的资源利用和深入研究 。     

Volume,value and floristic diversity of Gabon׳s medicinal plant markets

Ethnopharmacological relevance

African medicinal plant markets offer insight into commercially important species, salient health concerns in the region, and possible conservation priorities. Still, little quantitative data is available on the trade in herbal medicine in Central Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the species, volume, and value of medicinal plant products sold on the major domestic markets in Gabon, Central Africa.

Materials and methods

We surveyed 21 herbal market stalls across 14 of the major herbal medicine markets in Gabon, collected vouchers of medicinal plants and documented uses, vernacular names, prices, weight, vendor information and weekly sales. From these quantitative data, we extrapolated volumes and values for the entire herbal medicine market.

Results

We encountered 263 medicinal plant products corresponding with at least 217 species. Thirteen species were encountered on one-third of the surveyed stalls and 18 species made up almost 50% of the total volume of products available daily, including the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera and seeds of Monodora myristica. Although bark comprised the majority of the floristic diversity (22%) and the highest percentage of daily stock (30%), the resin of IUCN red-listed species Aucoumea klaineana represented 20% of the estimated daily volume of the entire herbal market. Plants sold at the market were mainly used for ritual purposes (32%), followed by women?s health (13%), and childcare (10%). The presence of migrant herbal vendors selling imported species, especially from Benin, was a prominent feature of the Gabonese markets.

Conclusion

An estimated volume of 27 t of medicinal plant products worth US$ 1.5 million is sold annually on the main Gabonese markets. Aucoumea klaineana and Garcinia kola are highlighted as frequently sold species with conservation priorities. The herbal market in Gabon is slightly higher in species diversity but lower in volume and value than recently surveyed sub-Saharan African markets.     

内蒙古自治区第四次与第三次全国中药资源普查药用植物资源物种变化分析

对内蒙古自治区中药资源普查现状进行系统性概述。通过对比内蒙古自治区第四次与第三次全国中药资源普查药用植物资源物种变化情况发现,第四次全国中药资源普查内蒙古自治区药用植物增加了24科203属770种,减少了25科53属108种。从技术方法、条件限制、自然因素、人为因素等方面对第四次与第三次中药资源普查物种变化原因进行系统性分析,结果表明,人员配置、技术方法、仪器设备、政策体系等方面的改进和提升使普查到的药用植物数量大幅增加;气候变化、外来物种入侵、道路建设、掠夺式开采等因素使部分物种的适宜生存区域减小或使部分物种处于濒危状态,导致这些物种未被调查到。根据第三次与第四次中药资源普查物种变化情况提出药用植物资源保护策略,以期为中医药产业现代化发展提供参考。     

The medicinal animal markets in the metropolitan region of Natal City,northeastern Brazil

Aim of the study

This study investigates the trade of animals for medicinal purposes in Natal metropolitan area, northeastern Brazil, to document which animal species are used, how and for what purposes. This study also discusses the implications of the use of zootherapeutics for wildlife conservation.

Materials and methods

Based on interviews with merchants of medicinal animals in all open fairs of the metropolitan region of Natal City, we calculated the informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the consensus over which species are effective for particular ailments, as well as the species relative importance to determine the extent of potential utilization of each species.

Results

We describe the therapeutic effects of 23 animal species used medicinally. The zootherapeutical products sold commercially are used to treat 34 health problems that were classified into 14 broad categories. We also highlight those species valued for their effectiveness against a range of ailments. The highest ICF value (1.0) was cited for diseases of the circulatory system, which include relief of symptoms such as stroke, hemorrhage, varicose veins and edema.

Discussion and conclusion

Our study indicated that the local population holds a great deal of ethnomedical knowledge about their local animal resources, and highlights the need for clinical investigations of these traditional remedies to test the safety and efficacy. The animal species identified in this study not only hold high medicinal value for local populations, but could potentially be a source of healing compounds that could aid pharmaceutical research. While the impact of these practices on animal populations is unknown, the high extractive value of these animal populations and the associated medicinal traditional knowledge, needs to be considered in any conservation strategy aimed at the faunistic resources of this area.     

Commercialization of animal-derived remedies as complementary medicine in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

Aim of the study

In this study, we aim to document the use of animal species in traditional medicine and healing practices in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. While widespread and of great importance to large population that has limited access to contemporary medicine, such practices are poorly understood and the potential value of medicinal animal species largely unknown.

Materials and methods

Based on interviews with the merchants of medicinal animals, we calculated the informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the consensus over which species are effective for particular ailments, as well as the species relative importance to determine the extent of potential utilization of each species.

Results

We describe the therapeutic effects of 36 animal species used medicinally. The zootherapeutical products sold commercially are used to treat 40 health problems that were classified into 10 broad categories. We also highlight those species valued for their effectiveness against a range of ailments. The highest ICF value (0.91) was cited for diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which include relief of symptoms such as acne and furuncles.

Discussion and conclusion

This study demonstrates that many animal species play an important role in healing practices. Animals provide the raw materials for remedies prescribed clinically and are also used in the form of amulets and charms in magic–religious rituals and ceremonies. The medicinal value of animal species depends on the local knowledge that exists within user communities, and therefore, the conservation of animal species is imperative to the preservation of local medicinal knowledge and culture.