共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Chen X Zhang G Li Y Feng X Wan F Zhang L Wang J Zhang X 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2009,37(1):86-94
The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma concentrations
of B7-H3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in bacterial and aseptic
meningitis in children. The participants were six children with bacterial meningitis, 16 with aseptic meningitis, and 12 control
subjects. All participants were between 2 months and 12 years of age on admission. Cytokines determination was performed by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. CSF and plasma-circulating B7-H3 were significantly higher in the bacterial meningitis
group as compared with the aseptic group (p = 0.001) and the control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively). However, CSF and plasma-circulating B7-H3 in aseptic meningitis were not significantly higher than
control group (p = 0.071 and p = 0.72 respectively).CSF and plasma-circulating TNF-α were significantly higher in the bacterial meningitis group as compared
with the aseptic group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001 respectively) and control group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001 respectively). Similarly, we did not observe significant elevated TNF-α levels in CSF and plasma in aseptic group
compared with control group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.12 respectively). IFN-γ levels in CSF and plasma were undetectable in control group, and we did not find statistical
significances in both of CSF and plasma between the elevated IFN-γ level in bacterial meningitis group and aseptic meningitis
group(p = 0.055 and p = 0.095 respectively) CSF and plasma levels of IL-17 were undetectable in all subjects. There were correlations between B7-H3
and TNF-α, IFN-γ (r = 0.875, p = 0.000; r = −0.693, p = 0.000, respectively) in CSF in meningitis subjects. In plasma, levels of B7-H3 in bacterial meningitis on admission correlated
positively with TNF-α (r = 0.968, p = 0.002), and white blood cell counts (r = 0.973, p = 0.001). Detectable CSF levels of B7-H3, TNF-α, and IFN-γ on admission were not associated significantly with any of CSF
characteristics. Additionally, CSF and plasma levels of B7-H3 decreased remarkably after treatment. Altogether, our data indicated
that circulating B7-H3 and TNF-α levels in the CSF and plasma were useful markers for distinguishing bacterial from aseptic
meningitis, and Circulating B7-H3 was demonstrated to be useful in evaluating the intensity of the infectious inflammatory
process in the central nervous system in children.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
2.
Kremlacek J Valis M Masopust J Urban A Zumrova A Talab R Kuba M Kubova Z Langrova J 《Cerebellum (London, England)》2011,10(1):32-42
Reports of visual functional impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) have been studied previously using pattern
reversal visually evoked potentials (VEPs) with contradictory results. To provide additional evidence to this area, visual
functions were studied using VEPs and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a group of ten patients with genetically verified
SCA2. The electrophysiological examination included pattern reversal and motion-onset VEPs as well as visually driven oddball
ERPs with an evaluation of a target and a pre-attentive response. In six patients, we found abnormal visual/cognitive processing
that differed from normal values in latency, but not in the amplitude of the dominant VEP/ERP peaks. Among the VEPs/ERPs used,
the motion-onset VEPs exhibited the highest sensitivity and showed a strong Spearman correlation to SCA2 duration (from r = 0.82 to r = 0.90, p < 0.001) and clinical state assessed by Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (from r = 0.71 (p = 0.022) to r = 0.80 (p < 0.001)). None of the VEP/ERP latencies showed a correlation to the triplet repeats of the SCA2 gene. In three patients,
we did not find any visual/cognitive pathology, and one subject showed only a single subtle prolongation of the VEP peak.
The observed visual/cognitive deficit was related to the subjects’ clinical state and the illness duration, but no relationship
to the genetic marker of SCA2 was found. From the VEP/ERP types used, the motion-onset VEPs seems to be the most promising
candidate for clinical state monitoring rather than a tool for early diagnostic use. 相似文献
3.
Minor psychiatric morbidity is known to be associated with social disadvantage, but few studies have explored this association
at the population level. This study reports data from a postal survey across 19 health districts in one region, with a total
sample of 38,000 respondents. The percentage scoring above the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold for each health
district was correlated with measures of deprivation derived from the 1991 census and standardised mortality ratios. Highly
significant correlations were seen between the percentage above the GHQ threshold and the Underpriveleged Area (UPA) score
(r = 0.84), under 65 Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR; r = 0.80), lack of amenities (r = 0.56), overcrowding (r = 0.54), lone-parent families (r = 0.84), unemployment (r = 0.87), unskilled workers (r = 0.77), ethnic minority composition (r = 0.58) and social mobility (r = 0.85). However, the three most deprived districts had the lowest response rates and when these were excluded from the analysis,
only the correlations with under 65 SMR (r = 0.57, P < 0.05), UPA score (r = 0.52, P < 0.05) and unskilled workers (r = 0.60, P < 0.05) remained significant. There may be a threshold effect for the impact of social disadvantage on mental health, with
much higher rates of psychological morbidity among markedly disadvantaged populations.
Accepted: 12 June 1997 相似文献
4.
Developmental and Behavioral Performance of Internationally Adopted Preschoolers: A Pilot Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emma Jacobs Laurie C. Miller Linda G. Tirella 《Child psychiatry and human development》2010,41(1):15-29
Most international adoptees (IA) have rapid catch-up of the delays common at arrival. However, it is not known whether development
at arrival predicts later abilities or school readiness. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated language, fine motor, visual
reception (VR), executive function (EF), attention (ATT), and sensory skills (SS) in IA preschoolers. We hypothesized that
pre-adoptive risk factors, development at arrival, and the post-adoptive environment (time in day care) would predict developmental
and behavioral outcomes and school readiness. 37 IA (12M:25F), currently age 4–5 years and previously seen in our clinic (mean
arrival age 12 months), were evaluated with standardized tests of development, language, EF, ATT, and SS, along with demographic
information, parent interview, and review of arrival clinic records. Fine motor and VR skills at arrival ranged from average
to very below average. At followup, most IA were average or above average in fine motor, VR, and language skills, but many
had concerning scores for ATT (42%), EF (11%) and SS (48%). Arrival expressive language T scores (Mullen) predicted follow-up scores for expressive language (PLS-4, r = .44, p = .005). Arrival fine motor scores (Mullen) correlated with follow-up auditory comprehension scores (PLS-4, r = .47, p = .002) and inversely with inattention scores (Conners’, r = −.48, p = .003). Arrival visual reception scores correlated inversely with global measures of attention (Conners’ opposition r = −.45, p = .005, ADHD scores r = −.49, p = .002, and to a lesser extent hyperactivity r = −.35, p = .03). Age at arrival was a very strong predictor of many of the outcome measures tested, including language performance,
attention regulation, executive function, and sensory processing. Children who spent more time in daycare had significantly
more difficulty with emotional control (p = .005). Although IA have good catch-up in specific areas of development, difficulties with ATT regulation, EF, and sensory
processing may increase the risk of later school problems. 相似文献
5.
Park HJ Kim SK Yun DH Kim DH Chon J Kim JW Chung JH 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2012,46(3):536-540
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been shown to have an important role in the postischemic inflammatory response and to contribute
to ischemic brain damage. In this study, we investigated whether coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the
TLR2 gene were associated with ischemic stroke (IS) and with clinical phenotypes in IS patients. We genotyped two SNPs (rs3804099
[Asn199Asn] and rs3804100 [Ser450Ser]) using direct sequencing in 202 IS patients and 291 control subjects. No SNPs of the
TLR2 gene were found to be associated with IS. However, in analysis of clinical phenotypes, we found that rs3804099 was associated
with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of IS patients in codominant (TC vs. TT, p = 0.0005; CC vs. TT, p = 0.0007) and dominant models (TC/CC vs. TT, p = 0.0001). Also, rs3804100 revealed significant association in codominant (TC vs. TT, p = 0.0002; CC vs. TT, p = 0.008) and dominant models (TC/CC vs. TT, p < 0.0001). In allele frequency analysis, we also found that the C alleles of rs3804099 and rs3804100 were associated with
higher NIHSS scores (p = 0.0003 in rs3804099; p = 0.0001 in rs3804100). Our results suggest that TLR2 may be related to severe IS. 相似文献
6.
Aristotle N. Voineskos Donna J. Lang Gwyneth Zai Natalie Bulgin Sajid Shaikh Wayne Su Lili C. Kopala G. William MacEwan Allen E. Thornton Geoffrey N. Smith Jehannine C. Austin William G. Honer James L. Kennedy 《Brain imaging and behavior》2008,2(2):117-122
Evidence implicating myelin related genes in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is accumulating. Abnormalities of brain
structure at the onset of psychosis may be related to variation in genes such as myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG). Subjects
with first episode schizophrenia (n = 30) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 11), and healthy comparison subjects (n = 43) participated in an MRI scan. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs720309, rs720308) in the MAG gene were genotyped.
MAG genotype variation predicted cortical gray matter volume in first episode schizophrenia patients (p = 0.039), but not in controls (p = 0.827). Cortical gray matter, total gray matter, total white matter, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volumes did not
differ between groups. Genetic variation in the MAG gene may predict cortical gray matter volume differences in patients in
the first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. 相似文献
7.
Simon Vermeire Kurt Audenaert André Dobbeleir Rudy De Meester Eva Vandermeulen Tim Waelbers Kathelijne Peremans 《Brain imaging and behavior》2009,3(4):342-349
Alterations of regional brain activity in the prefrontal cortex and in limbic areas have been reported in humans with anxiety
disorders. This animal study reports the results of brain perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT) in dogs with anxiety disorders. Based on the human literature, we hypothesized altered prefrontal and higher temporal
brain perfusion. SPECT acquisitions were performed using the 99mTc-labelled tracer ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD). Eighteen dogs with pathological anxiety were compared with 18 normally behaving
reference dogs. We found, in the group of dogs with anxiety disorders, lower perfusion in the left frontal cortex (p = 0.003), in the subcortical region (p = 0.007) and increased perfusion in the right (p = 0.05) temporal cortex. Taken together, our rCBF findings are suggestive for a dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex and
the limbic system in canine anxiety disorders. 相似文献
8.
Jeffrey K. H. Vallance Kerry S. Courneya Ronald C. Plotnikoff John R. Mackey 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2008,35(2):150-158
Background We previously reported that a physical activity (PA) behavior change intervention based on the theory of planned behavior
(TPB) increased PA and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.
Purpose To examine the effects of our interventions on TPB variables and to determine if PA at 12 weeks follow-up was mediated by
TPB variables at 4 weeks.
Methods Breast cancer survivors (N = 377) were randomly assigned to receive either a standard public health recommendation for PA (SR group), a step pedometer
alone, or one of two TPB-based behavior change interventions consisting of print materials (alone or combined with a step
pedometer). For the purpose of this study, we compared the two TPB-based intervention groups (INT group) to the SR group.
Results Compared to the SR group, the INT group reported more favorable changes in instrumental attitude (mean difference = 0.13;
95% CI = −0.01 to 0.23; d = 0.19; p = 0.077), intention (mean difference = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.56; d = 0.33; p = 0.006), and planning (mean difference = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.73; d = 0.26; p = 0.027). Mediation analyses indicated that both planning and intention partially mediated the effects of the intervention
on PA at 12 weeks.
Conclusions Our TPB-based behavior change intervention resulted in small improvements in the TPB constructs that partially mediated the
effects of our intervention on PA behavior. Additional research with the TPB is warranted. 相似文献
9.
Shikha Snigdha Joanna C. Neill Samantha L. McLean Gaurav K. Shemar Leonie Cruise Mohammed Shahid Brian Henry 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2011,43(3):337-345
Phencyclidine (PCP), used to mimic certain aspects of schizophrenia, induces sexually dimorphic, cognitive deficits in rats.
In this study, the effects of sub-chronic PCP on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor
implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, have been evaluated in male and female rats. Male and female hooded-Lister
rats received vehicle or PCP (n = 8 per group; 2 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 7 days) and were tested in the attentional set shifting task prior to being sacrificed
(6 weeks post-treatment). Levels of BDNF mRNA were measured in specific brain regions using in situ hybridisation. Male rats
were less sensitive to PCP-induced deficits in the extra-dimensional shift stage of the attentional set shifting task compared
to female rats. Quantitative analysis of brain regions demonstrated reduced BDNF levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), motor cortex (p < 0.01), orbital cortex (p < 0.01), olfactory bulb (p < 0.05), retrosplenial cortex (p < 0.001), frontal cortex (p < 0.01), parietal cortex (p < 0.01), CA1 (p < 0.05) and polymorphic layer of dentate gyrus (p < 0.05) of the hippocampus and the central (p < 0.01), lateral (p < 0.05) and basolateral (p < 0.05) regions of the amygdaloid nucleus in female PCP-treated rats compared with controls. In contrast, BDNF was significantly
reduced only in the orbital cortex and central amygdaloid region of male rats (p < 0.05). Results suggest that blockade of NMDA receptors by sub-chronic PCP administration has a long-lasting down-regulatory
effect on BDNF mRNA expression in the female rat brain which may underlie some of the behavioural deficits observed post PCP
administration. 相似文献
10.
David M. Williams Beth A. Lewis Shira Dunsiger Jessica A. Whiteley George D. Papandonatos Melissa A. Napolitano Beth C. Bock Joseph T. Ciccolo Bess H. Marcus 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2008,36(2):186-194
Background
Most health behavior models do not distinguish between determinants of behavior adoption and maintenance.
Purpose
This study compared psychosocial predictors of physical activity (PA) adoption and predictors of PA maintenance among 205
initially sedentary adults enrolled in a home-based PA promotion trial.
Methods
Psychosocial variables were measured at 6 months (at which point 107 participants remained inactive and 98 participants adopted
regular PA) and used to predict 12-month PA status (an indicator of PA adoption among those inactive at 6 months and an indicator
of PA maintenance among those active at 6 months).
Results
Six-month PA status moderated the relationships between 6-month measures of home access to PA equipment (p = .049), self-efficacy (p = .086), and perceived satisfaction (p = .062) and 12-month PA status. Simple effects analyses revealed that home access to PA equipment was predictive of PA adoption
(OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.85), but not PA maintenance (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.35), whereas self-efficacy and perceived
satisfaction were predictive of PA maintenance (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.55, 4.52; OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.06), but not PA
adoption (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.87, 2.57; OR = 0.82, CI: 0.44, 1.52).
Conclusion
Results suggest that these psychosocial variables may operate differently in predicting PA adoption versus maintenance. 相似文献
11.
Onitsuka T Spencer KM Lucia LC Shenton ME McCarley RW Niznikiewicz MA 《Brain imaging and behavior》2009,3(3):240-245
The N170 face repetition effect has been proposed to reflect early identity processing that underlies the acquisition of familiarity
for novel faces. It was reported that the N170 face repetition effect was lateralized to the right hemisphere. Since it has
been postulated that reduced or reversed brain asymmetry may be importantly related to schizophrenia pathology, the present
study examined whether or not male patients with chronic schizophrenia show reduced or reversed asymmetry in the N170 face
repetition effect. Seventeen male schizophrenia patients and 13 male healthy controls participated. Event-related potentials
were recorded to unrepeated and repeated faces. Patients with schizophrenia showed a bilateral N170 reduction to repeated
and unrepeated faces compared to healthy subjects (F[1,28] = 8.01, p = 0.009). Schizophrenia patients showed a significant decrease in N170 amplitude to repeated faces at the left occipitotemporal
electrode (t[16] = 2.91, p = 0.01), whereas healthy subjects showed a significant decrease at the right occipitotemporal electrode (t[12] = 2.36, p = 0.04). These results suggest abnormal asymmetry of the N170 face repetition effect in schizophrenia. 相似文献
12.
Ozge Yilmaz-Kusbeci Nuket Gocmen-Mas Aylin Yucel Hamit S. Karabekir Tolga Ertekin Ayse C. Yazici 《Cerebellum (London, England)》2010,9(3):345-351
Migraine is associated with an increased risk of deep white matter lesions and subclinical posterior circulation infarcts.
A significant association between deep white matter hyperintensities and cerebral atrophy is true for various neurological
diseases; it was not specifically proven in migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebellar and cerebral volume
and volume ratios for cerebellum using the Cavalieri principle. We also aimed to examine whether migraine with aura causes
cerebellar and cerebral atrophy. Twenty three right-handed patients with migraine with aura diagnosed by means of the International
Headache Society criteria and 24 age-matched subjects whose only health problem was headache due to rhinosinusitis and tension
type headache were included in the study. Measurements of the cerebellar and cerebral volumes as well as cerebellar/cerebral
volume ratios were made using Cavalieri’s principle by utilizing the point-counting methods. There were no significant differences
between the volumes of cerebrum, cerebellum, and the ratio of cerebellum to cerebrum for males (p = 0.05, p = 0.10, and p = 0.64, respectively) and for females (p = 0.18, p = 0.89, and p = 0.24, respectively). Our results suggest that patients with migraine with aura do not have a significant difference in
cerebellar and cerebral volumes and cerebellar/cerebral volume ratios compared to the non-migraine group. 相似文献
13.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Life Orientation Test—Revised in Treated Opiate Dependent Individuals
Jameson K. Hirsch Peter C. Britton Kenneth R. Conner 《International journal of mental health and addiction》2010,8(3):423-431
We examined internal consistency and test-retest reliability of a measure of dispositional optimism, the Life Orientation
Test — Revised, in 121 opiate-dependent patients seeking methadone treatment. Internal consistency was adequate at baseline
(α = .69) and follow-up (α = .72). Low socioeconomic status and being on disability were significantly associated with reduced
internal consistency; ethnic and educational differences approached significance. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = .72), varying across gender, race, ethnicity, education, employment and income (ICC Range = .24 –.85). Criterion validity was strong; the LOT-R was significantly negatively correlated with hopelessness (r = -.65, p < .001) and depression (r = -.60, p < .001). Findings support the use of this measure of optimism and pessimism to assess positive cognitive and emotional
attributes and improve treatment strategies for opiate-dependent individuals. Future research should address the measurement
and significance of optimism in minority, low socioeconomic status and poorly-educated individuals. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》1996,29(2-3):237-252
In this study, we have evaluated the levels of blood histamine, serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and plasma tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 20 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD; 13 early onset and 7 late-onset AD subjects)
and in 20 agematched control subjects (C). AD patients showed higher concentrations of histamine (AD=452.9±237.9 pmol/mL;
C=275.3±151.5 pmol/mL;p<0.05) and IL-1β (AD=211.2±31.1 pg/mL; C=183.4±24.4 pg/mL;p<0.01), and lower values of TNF-α (AD=3.59±2.02 pg/mL; C=9.47±2.64 pg/mL;p<0.001) than elderly controls. Increased levels of histamine and decreased levels of TNF-α were observed in both early onset
AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) patients, but only EOAD subjects had elevated serum IL-1β values compared with age-matched
controls. Age negatively correlated with histamine (r=−0.57;p<0.05) and positively with IL-1β levels (r=0.48;p<0.05) in healthy subjects, but not in AD, whereas a positive correlation between TNF-α scores and age was only found in AD
patients (r=0.46;p<0.05). Furthermore, histamine and TNF-α values correlated negatively in AD (r=−0.50,p<0.05). In addition, cognitive impairment increased in patients with lower TNF-α and higher histamine and IL-1β levels, as
indicated by the correlations between mental performance scores and histamine (r=−0.37, ns), IL-1β (r=−0.33, ns) and TNF-α levels (r=0.42,p<0.05). Finally, histamine concentrations decreased as depression scores increased in AD (r=−0.63,p<0.01). These data suggest a dysfunction in cytokine and histamine regulation in AD, probably indicating changes associated
with inflammatory processes. 相似文献
15.
The study of the postmortem changes in essential tremor (ET) is in its infancy, although recent evidence points to a central
role of the cerebellum, where Purkinje cell axonal swellings (“torpedoes”) are significantly more common in ET than control
brains. Yet, all existing studies have been confined to the cerebellar hemispheres, and whether there is a more widely distributed
cerebellar problem is presently unknown. Our aims were to address whether: (1) ET cases have greater numbers of torpedoes
in the vermis than controls, (2) there a correlation between the extent of vermal torpedo pathology and hemispheric torpedo
pathology, and (3) vermal torpedo pathology is correlated with clinical features of the disease. A parasagittal neocerebellar
block and a vermal block were harvested from 24 ET and 10 control brains. Paraffin sections (7 μm) were stained with Luxol
fast blue/hematoxylin and eosin, and torpedoes were quantified. All torpedo counts were corrected for Purkinje cell layer
length. Vermal corrected torpedo count (VermTc) was higher in ET cases than controls (7.1 ± 6.8 [median, 4.3] vs. 2.6 ± 2.5
[median, 2]), p = 0.002). The VermTc and the hemispheric corrected torpedo count (HemTc) were correlated with one another (Spearman’s r = 0.54, p = 0.002). ET cases with neck, voice, and jaw tremors had the highest VermTc (p = 0.046). The abundance of torpedoes in the ET brain is not confined to the ponto- or neocerebellum but is more broadly distributed,
also involving the spino- or paleocerebellum. These data further confirm the central role of the cerebellum in the underlying
pathophysiology of this common neurological disorder. 相似文献
16.
Chudley E. Werch Ph.D. Michele J. Moore Ph.D. Hui Bian Ph.D. Carlo C. DiClemente Ph.D. Steven C. Ames Ph.D. Robert M. Weiler Ph.D. Dennis Thombs Ph.D. Steven B. Pokorny Ph.D. I-Chan Huang Ph.D. 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2008,36(2):149-157
Background Epidemiologic data indicate most adolescents and adults experience multiple, simultaneous risk behaviors.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a brief image-based multiple-behavior intervention (MBI) for college
students.
Methods A total of 303 college students were randomly assigned to: (1) a brief MBI or (2) a standard care control, with a 3-month
postintervention follow-up.
Results Omnibus treatment by time multivariate analysis of variance interactions were significant for three of six behavior groupings,
with improvements for college students receiving the brief MBI on alcohol consumption behaviors, F(6, 261) = 2.73, p = 0.01, marijuana-use behaviors, F(4, 278) = 3.18, p = 0.01, and health-related quality of life, F(5, 277) = 2.80, p = 0.02, but not cigarette use, exercise, and nutrition behaviors. Participants receiving the brief MBI also got more sleep,
F(1, 281) = 9.49, p = 0.00, than those in the standard care control.
Conclusions A brief image-based multiple-behavior intervention may be useful in influencing a number of critical health habits and health-related
quality-of-life indicators of college students. 相似文献
17.
Lisa M. Jacola Victoria W. Willard Jason M. Ashford Robert J. Ogg Matthew A. Scoggins Melissa M. Jones 《Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology》2014,36(8):875-886
Introduction: N-back tasks are commonly used in functional neuroimaging studies to identify the neural mechanisms supporting working memory (WM). Despite widespread use, the clinical utility of these tasks is not well specified. This study compared N-back performance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with task data acquired outside of the scanner as a measure of reliability across environment. N-back task validity was examined in relation to performance and rater-based measures used clinically to assess working memory. Method: Forty-three healthy adults completed verbal and object N-back tasks during fMRI scanning and outside the scanner. Task difficulty was varied parametrically (0, 1, and 2-back conditions). Order of N-back task completion was stratified by modality (verbal/object) and environment. Participants completed the Digit Span (DS) and provided self-ratings using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-WM). Results: Mean verbal and object N-back accuracy was above 95% across load conditions; task difficulty was effectively manipulated across load conditions. Performance accuracy did not significantly differ by environment. N-back reaction time was slower during fMRI (F = 6.52, p = .01, ηp2 = .13); participants were faster when initially completing tasks outside the scanner (ηp2 = .10–.15). Verbal 2-back accuracy was significantly related to DS performance (r = .36, p = .02). N-back performance was not related to BRIEF-WM. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for reliability of N-back accuracy during fMRI scanning; however, reliability of reaction time data is affected by order of task presentation. Data regarding construct validity are inconsistent and emphasize the need to consider clinical utility of behavioral measures in the design and interpretation of functional neuroimaging studies. 相似文献
18.
Several lines of evidence support a role of oxidative stress in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NAD(P)H:quinone
oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinones, preventing their participation in redox cycling
and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species. We examined association between the NQO1 C609T gene polymorphism and sporadic AD in a Chinese population comprising 311 AD patients and 330 controls. Our results
showed a higher T-allele frequency in the AD cases compared with the controls. The difference was close to but did not reach
statistically significant level [p = 0.059; odds ratio (OR) T versus C = 1.236; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.992–1.540]. A significantly low C/C genotype
frequency in the AD cases compared with the controls was detected (p = 0.025; OR C/C versus C/T + T/T = 0.674; 95% CI, 1.049–2.098) and APOE ε4 status analysis revealed significant difference in the APOE ε4 non-carriers (p = 0.036; OR = 0.633; 95% CI, 1.027–2.427). In the ≥65 years samples, significantly low C/C frequency in the AD cases in comparison
with the controls was observed in the APOE ε4 non-carriers (p = 0.045; OR = 0.595; 95% CI, 1.010–2.794). These results indicated that the C/C genotype had a possible protective effect
against AD development, and the T allele might be a weak risk factor for late onset AD.
J-T Bian and H-L Zhao contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
19.
Background Although several studies have reported positive effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention on psychological
well-being, it is not known whether these effects are attributable to a change in mindfulness.
Purpose The aim of this study is to compare the effects of MBSR to a waiting-list control condition in a randomized controlled trial
while examining potentially mediating effects of mindfulness.
Methods Forty women and 20 men from the community with symptoms of distress (mean age 43.6 years, SD = 10.1) were randomized into
a group receiving MBSR or a waiting-list control group. Before and after the intervention period, questionnaires were completed
on psychological well-being, quality of life, and mindfulness.
Results Repeated measures multiple analysis of variance (MANCOVAs) showed that, compared with the control group, the intervention
resulted in significantly stronger reductions of perceived stress (p = 0.016) and vital exhaustion (p = 0.001) and stronger elevations of positive affect (p = 0.006), quality of life (p = .009), as well as mindfulness (p = 0.001). When mindfulness was included as a covariate in the MANCOVA, the group effects on perceived stress and quality
of life were reduced to nonsignificance.
Conclusion Increased mindfulness may, at least partially, mediate the positive effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention. 相似文献
20.
Joshua Luxton Tara M. Brinkman Cara Kimberg Leslie L. Robison Melissa M. Hudson 《Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology》2014,36(9):944-955
The N-back task is often used in functional brain imaging studies to activate working memory networks; however, limited information is available on its association to clinical outcomes in children or cancer survivors. A total of 137 survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; mean current age = 14.3 years, SD = 4.8; time since diagnosis = 7.6 years, SD = 1.6) completed the N-back task and comprehensive neurocognitive testing, including standardized measures of attention, processing speed, and working memory. Results indicated that females demonstrated significantly slower reaction times (0-back p = .02; 1-back p = .03) than males. Survivors <15 years old at the time of testing demonstrated a significant decrease in accuracy as working memory load increased compared to survivors ≥15 years old (p < .001). Performance on the N-back task was associated with nonverbal working memory (rs = .56, p < .001) in survivors ≥15 years of age. For younger survivors, N-back performance was more strongly associated with attention skills. Results suggest the N-back assesses different cognitive constructs at younger compared to older childhood ages. These age differences should be considered in interpreting functional brain imaging results. 相似文献