Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for advanced carcinomas of salivary gland origin

Thirteen patients with carcinomas of major and minor salivary gland origin (nine adenoid cystic carcinomas and four adenocarcinomas) were treated with cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), and cisplatin (50 mg/m2) (CAP) by intravenous injections on the first day of a 28-day regimen. Sixty-one cycles of CAP were administered (mean, 4.7 cycles per patient). Eleven patients were treated for palliation of recurrent disease (locoregional, ten; lung, ten; liver, three; and bone, three). Two patients untreated previously, one with extensive local disease involving the base of the skull and one with a solitary lung metastasis (resected with a positive margin) and an initially unappreciated base of tongue primary, received two cycles of CAP followed by local treatment and adjuvant CAP. Previous therapy for the 11 patients with recurrent disease included surgery (ten), radiotherapy [RT(11)], chemotherapy (three), or hormonal therapy (two). Three complete and three partial responses to chemotherapy were noted for an overall response rate of 46%. The median duration of response in palliative patients was 5 months (range, 2 to 9). Of the two patients receiving induction CAP, one relapsed with distant disease 26 months after treatment, and the other remains disease-free after 60 months of follow-up examination. Chemotherapy was well tolerated generally, and no chemotherapy-related deaths occurred. One hypertensive patient suffered a stroke after 3 cycles of therapy. CAP is an active regimen against salivary gland carcinomas and deserves further study. Also, it may be of value as induction or adjuvant treatment for patients with advanced disease untreated previously.     

M-VCA方案治疗晚期鼻咽癌35例疗效分析

目的 探讨Ｍ－ＶＣＡ方案治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及毒副反应,方法：对３５例晚期鼻咽癌患者（初治诱导化疗者１１例,复发或转移者２４例）采用ＭＴＸ＋ＶＣＲ＋ＤＤＰ＋ＡＤＭ联合化疗方案治疗。结果 评定其化疗２疗程后的客观疗效,总有效率为７５．５１％,无ＣＲ病例,其中初治肿瘤有效率达１００％,复发者为６６．６７％,远处转移总有效率为７０．０％,肺转移疗效最好（８８．８９％）,主要毒副反应是脱发,轻到中度的骨髓     

顺铂和 5-氟尿嘧啶 /醛氢叶酸双周疗法治疗鼻咽癌初步报道

目的：观察顺铂（cisplatin,DDP),5－氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil,5-FU)／醛氢叶酸（leucovorin,LV)双周疗法治疗鼻咽癌的疗效及其毒性。方法：病理明确的20例鼻咽癌患者进入研究组。包括：1）初诊时即有远处转移的病人;2）放疗后发生远处转移的病人;（3）初诊时局部晚期的病人;4）放疗后局部复发的病人。治疗方案：LV200mg/m^2,静脉输注2h,后接5－FU375mg/m^2静脉推注10min,再接5－FU3．0g/m^2,用输液泵连续静脉输注48h,以上治疗每两周一次。DDP80mg/m^2,用时水化、28天1次。所有病人至少接受2疗程的治疗。结果：经过两个周期的化疗,完全缓解（complete remission,CR)2例（10％）,部分缓解（prital remission,PR)12例（60％）,6例病人稳定（30％）,,治疗中无疾病进展,无治疗相关的死亡。恶心、呕吐、静脉炎为主要的不良反应,毒性相对较弱。结论：当前研究的数据表明,大剂量DDP合并5－FU／LV双周疗法治疗复发转移或局部晚期的鼻咽癌病人,缓解率较高,毒性相对较低。     

Long-term event-free survival after intensive chemotherapy for Ewing's family of tumors in children and young adults.

PURPOSE: To improve the long-term event-free survival of patients with Ewing's family of tumors (EFTs) using high-dose, short-term chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: P6 was a prospective study of previously untreated patients with newly diagnosed EFTs. Patients received seven cycles of chemotherapy. Cycles 1, 2, 3, and 6 consisted of cyclophosphamide 2,100 mg/m2/d on days 1 and 2, and a 72-hour continuous infusion of doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 and vincristine 2 mg/m2 starting day 1. Cycles 4, 5, and 7 consisted of 5 consecutive days of ifosfamide 1,800 mg/m2/d and etoposide 100 mg/m2/d. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were enrolled from 1991 to 2001 (median age, 18.7 years; range, 3.7 to 39.9 years). At diagnosis, 44 patients had local-regional disease, and 24 had distant metastases. The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) rate for patients with local-regional disease is 82%; overall survival (OS) is 89%. The 4-year EFS rate for patients with distant metastases is 12%; the OS rate is 17.8%. All events occurred within 51 months of diagnosis. Four patients with distant metastases had progressive disease during therapy, and no patient with local-regional disease experienced disease progression during therapy. CONCLUSION: Sustained EFS and OS can be achieved with intensive chemotherapy in children and young adults with local-regional EFTs. This therapy is relatively ineffective in the treatment of metastatic EFTs.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with external radiotherapy, brachytherapy, and concurrent/adjuvant chemotherapy

The standard treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has become external beam radiation therapy (EBXRT) 70 Gy/7 weeks + 3 cycles of concurrent cisplatin followed by 2 to 3 cycles of adjuvant cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Some reports suggest that the addition of low-dose rate brachytherapy to EBXRT also improves local control. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the "triple" combination of EBXRT, brachytherapy, and concurrent/adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven patients treated from 1992 to 1998 were evaluated. All patients had stage III/IV (excluding T4 lesions) NPC. Treatment consisted of EBXRT (64-70 Gy/7 weeks), followed by a brachytherapy boost (6-15 Gy delivered 0.5 cm deep to the mucosa). Chemotherapy consisted of concurrent cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and post-XRT adjuvant cisplatin (80 mg/m2) and 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2/day x 4 days) for 2 cycles. All 11 patients were evaluable. The average age was 44 years, and median follow-up was 38 months (range: 23-82 months). Median EBXRT dose was 66 Gy, and median brachytherapy dose was 9 Gy (median total dose: 75 Gy). All patients obtained primary tumor complete response (CR). Two patients required post-XRT neck dissection to achieve regional CR. To date, 10 patients are alive with no evidence of disease. The 3-year actuarial survival is 100%. One patient died at 82 months of a late distant recurrence (at 37 months post-XRT). No patient has had a local or neck failure. Chemoradiation plus brachytherapy offers encouraging survival and local-regional control. Further study of this regimen as an alternative or adjunct to intensity-modulated EBXRT is warranted.     

Accelerated concomitant boost radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of concomitant boost radiotherapy (RT) plus cisplatin-based chemotherapy compared with standard fractionation RT for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1988 through 1999, 50 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with 70-Gy concomitant boost RT (1.8 Gy/d, weeks 1 through 6; 1.6 Gy second daily fraction, weeks 5 through 6) and two cycles of concurrent cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) days 1 and 22. Thirty-seven patients also received three cycles of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. These 50 patients were compared with a nonrandomized cohort of 51 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated with 70-Gy standard fractionation RT (1.8 Gy/d) without chemotherapy from 1988 through 1995. The groups were well matched for prognostic factors except stage, for which the concomitant boost RT/chemotherapy group was more advanced (54%, T3-4; 54%, N2-3; 44%, stage IV) compared with the standard RT group (31%, T3-4, P =.03; 22%, N2-3, P <.001; 20%, stage IV, P <.01). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 42 months (range, 12 to 129 months), the 3-year actuarial local control, progression-free survival, and survival rates were 89% v 74% (P <.01), 66% v 54% (P =.01), and 84% v 71% (P =.04) for the concomitant boost RT/chemotherapy group and the standard RT patients, respectively. Acute grade 3 mucositis was more prevalent with combined therapy, 84% v 43% (P <.001), resulting in a higher rate of temporary gastrostomy tube placement, 46% v 20% (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Concomitant boost RT with cisplatin-based chemotherapy is feasible and improves local-regional control as well as survival for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer compared with standard RT alone.     

Results of a prospective randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: A prospective randomized trial was performed to evaluate the contribution of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated either with radiotherapy alone (RT group) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CT/RT group). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of two to three cycles of cisplatin (100 mg/m(2), day 1), bleomycin (10 mg/m(2), days 1 and 5), and fluorouracil (5-FU; 800 mg/m(2), days 1 through 5, continuous infusion) followed by radiotherapy was given to the CT/RT group. All patients were treated in a uniform fashion by definitive-intent radiation therapy in both groups. RESULTS: Between July 1993 and July 1994, 456 patients were entered onto the study, with 228 patients randomized to each treatment arm, and 449 patients (225 in the RT group and 224 in the CT/RT group) were assessable. All 456 patients were included in survival analysis according to the intent-to-treat principle. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 63% for the CT/RT group and 56% for the RT group (P =.11). The median relapse-free survival (RFS) time was 50 months for the RT group and not reached for the CT/RT group. The 5-year RFS rate was 49% for the RT group versus 59% for the CT/RT group (P =.05). The 5-year freedom from local recurrence rate was 82% for the CT/RT group and 74% for the RT group (P =.04). There was no significant difference in freedom from distant metastasis between the two treatment groups (CT/RT group, 79%; RT group, 75%; P =.40). CONCLUSION: This randomized study failed to demonstrate any significant survival benefit with the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Therefore, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma should not be used outside of the context of a clinical trial.     

奈达铂联合放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌

背景与目的：鼻咽癌的标准治疗方法是放射治疗,但超过70%的患者确诊时已到晚期,单纯放疗后的局部复发率及远处转移率较高.放疗联合应用化疗可显著改善晚期鼻咽癌的疗效.因此本研究放疗联合含奈达铂（nedaplatin,NDP）化疗方案的新辅助化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效和不良反应,以含顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）化疗方案作为对照组.方法：64例晚期鼻咽癌患者,随机分成奈达铂治疗组32例,顺铂对照治疗组32例.两组均在诱导化疗2个周期后行放射治疗.化疗方案：NDP 80 ms/m2,静滴,第1天,氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）500 mg/m^2,静滴,第1～5天;DDP 40 mg/d,静滴,第1-3天,5-Fu 500 mg/m^2,静滴,第1-5天.放射治疗鼻咽部（7～9周）总剂量：66～74 Gy/（33～37）次;颈部淋巴结每（7～8.5周）总剂量：（60～70） Gy/（30～35）次;颈部预防剂量：（48～50）Gy.结果：NDP组有效率（56.25%）,DDP组有效率（50.00%）,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;NDP组呕吐发生率（15.62%）显著低于DDP组（46.88%）（P＜0.01）;两组肾脏毒性差异无显著性;两组白细胞下降发生率分别为62.50%和56.25%,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;血小板下降发生率NDP组（59.38%）较DDP组（31.25%）高,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论：NDP治疗晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效与DDP相近,但NDP有较少的胃肠道反应发生,其毒副反应主要是骨髓抑制所致的血小板减少.     

多西紫杉醇联合氟尿嘧啶和顺铂治疗晚期复发鼻咽癌

目的 评价多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)在晚期复发鼻咽癌(NPC)综合治疗中的作用.方法 56例初治转移性或放化疗后复发或转移的鼻咽癌患者,接受docetaxel+顺铂(DDP)+氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)化疗,其中docetaxel 70 ms/m2静滴,6 h,第1天;DDP 70 ms/m2静滴,第1天,或总量分2～3 d给予;5-Fu 400～500 ms/m2静滴,6 h,第1～5天;每3～4周重复.化疗有效者至少4～6个疗程或一直治疗至疾病进展(PD)为止.结果本组有51例(91.1%)患者可以评价客观疗效,其中完全缓解(CR)5例,部分缓解(PR)32例,稳定(sD)9例,进展(PD)5例,总缓解(CR+PR)率为72.5%(37/51),CR率为9.8%(5/51),sD率为17.6%(9/51).在初治的17例患者中,CR 5例,PR 9例,SD 3例,无PD患者,治疗后有效率为82.4%,CR率为29.4%;在复治的34例患者中,PR 22例,SD5例,PD 7例,治疗后有效率为64.7%,无CR患者.经随访,有12例患者进展,其中5例死亡.全组56例患者共接受196个疗程化疗,主要不良反应为骨髓抑制及恶心呕吐,其次为脱发、乏力、口腔黏膜炎和腹泻.骨髓抑制主要表现为白细胞下降,发生率为48.0%,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ度者占21.6%.有2例发生发热性粒细胞减少,经积极处理好转,未出现严重的全身感染和与治疗相关死亡.结论 docetaxel联合5-Fu、DDP方案是治疗晚期复发鼻咽癌的有效方案,临床使用安全,值得进一步的临床研究.     

Combined chemo-radiotherapy for stage IV undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a chemosensitive lesion, but its role in the management of local advanced disease is under investigation. Twenty-seven untreated stage IV undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were treated with radiotherapy (median dose, 66.6 Gy, 1.8 Gy/day) and concomitant cisplatin (100 mg/m2 days 1, 22 and 43). After 4 weeks, patients received, every 4 weeks, 3 cycles with cisplatin (80 mg/m2 day 1) + 5-fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 96 h). After radiotherapy, we observed 74% complete responses and 26% partial responses; after adjuvant chemotherapy 96% had a complete and 4% a partial response. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 81% of the patients were alive (70% with no evidence of disease). Four-year overall and disease-free survival was 70% and 60%, respectively. Concomitant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy was well tolerated, whereas adjuvant chemotherapy was more toxic. Long-term results were significantly better than those observed with radiotherapy alone.     

GP方案治疗手术后局部复发或肺内转移非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的观察GP方案治疗手术后局部复发或肺内转移非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒性反应。方法对48例手术后局部复发或肺内转移病例应用GP方案化疗,给药方法:吉西他滨1000mg/m2,第1、8、15天,静脉点滴:DDP 20 mg,第1~5天,静脉点滴,28 d为一个周期,均常规化疗4个周期以上。结果CR 4例(鳞癌),PR 23例(其中鳞癌9例,腺癌14例),NC 14例,PD 5例,总有效率56.2%(其中鳞癌40.7%,腺癌76.2%)。局部复发病灶有效率58.3%(7/12),肺内多发转移结节可测病灶共238处,有效率63.9%(152/238)。结论GP方案对晚期及术后复发、转移NSCLC疗效满意,毒副反应可以耐受。     

Clinical study of combination chemotherapy of methotrexate, epirubicin and nedaplatin (MEN) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma

The toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapies is a common problem for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. We performed a prospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination chemotherapy of methotrexate, epirubicin and nedaplatin (MEN) as first-line treatment in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Eligible patients had pathologically proven measurable unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Between February 2003 and February 2006, 11 patients with a mean age of 70 years were treated every 3 weeks with methotrexate (30 mg/m(2) on day 1) and epirubicin (50 mg/m(2) on day 1) and nedaplatin (80 mg/m(2) on day 2). A median of 2.6 cycles were administered. None of the 11 patients achieved a complete response (CR), but 6 patients (55%) achieved a partial response (PR) with a median duration of response of 10 months, and no responses occurred in 4 patients. The median survival time was 11 months. Grade 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia in 1 case (9%), thrombocytopenia in 2 cases (19%) and anemia in 1 case (9%). None of the 11 patients had febrile neutropenic episodes, and no toxic death was observed. Our results suggest that the combination chemotherapy of methotrexate, epirubicin and nedaplatin (MEN) was effective and acceptable treatment in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemo-radiation therapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of neoadjuvant cisplatinum and epirubicin chemotherapy followed by concurrent cisplatinum chemotherapy with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred ten patients (80 male, 30 female) with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, staged according to the 1997 International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer classification system as IIB (n = 9), III (n = 20), IVA (n = 32), and IVB (n = 49), World Health Organization types II (n = 25) and III (n = 85), were included in this protocol between January 1998 and July 2000 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Patients underwent two cycles of induction chemotherapy with cisplatinum 100 mg/m(2) and epirubicin 70 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 21, followed by a radical course of radiotherapy (6,600 cGy in 6.5 weeks, 200 cGy/fraction) starting on Day 42, with three cycles of concurrent cisplatinum 25 mg/m(2) for 4 days on Days 42, 63, and 84. RESULTS: Of 110 patients included in this study, intracranial extension was present in 32 (29%), and nodal stage was N3 in 49 (45%). Complete remission and partial remission were achieved in 87 patients (79%) and 23 patients (21%), respectively. At a median follow-up for surviving patients of 37 months (22-55 months), 49 of 110 patients (44%) had failed treatment: 12 with local, 9 with regional nodes, 4 locoregional, 5 locoregional plus distant areas, and 19 with distant metastases. At the time of writing, 34 patients had died; all deaths were related to the patients' cancer except for 1 patient with treatment-related toxicity. Three-year actuarial overall survival, relapse-free survival, locoregional control, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 89%, 78%, 88%, and 89% for patients with stage IIB; 71%, 70%, 89%, and 74% for stage III; 68%, 49%, 61%, and 77% for stage IVA; and 70%, 45%, 60%, and 69% for stage IVB, respectively. One patient received only one induction cycle; all others received two cycles; however, 9 of them required 20% reduction in the second cycle dose. Ninety patients (82%) completed two or more concurrent cycles of cisplatinum. Rates of Grade 3 and 4 reactions after induction chemotherapy were as follows: anemia 1% and 0%, leukopenia 8% and 4%, nausea 27% and 0%, vomiting 25% and 0%, and infection 4% and 4%, respectively. Acute Grade 3 and 4 reactions were also observed during chemoradiotherapy: anemia 1% and 0%, leukopenia 31% and 4%, nausea 35% and 0%, vomiting 26% and 2%, infection in 4% and 2%, mucositis in 49% and 0%, and skin reaction in 39% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a safe and effective method of treatment for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Further investigations in prospective studies are required to evaluate this regimen.     

Induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin, followed by concomitant cisplatin and radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and outcome of neoadjuvant paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy followed by concurrent cisplatin and irradiation in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal (NP) squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The trial included 36 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma presented to Radiation Oncology and Otolaryngology departments-Ain Shams university hospitals, and Sohag Cancer Center between November 2002 and March 2006. Eligible patients were treated first with three cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC), paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 on day 1) and cisplatin (80 mg/m2 on day 1) followed by concomitant conventionally fractionated radiation (70 Gy in 2 Gy fractions) and cisplatin 20-mg/m2/day on days 1- 5, 22-26 and 43-47 of the radiation therapy. RESULTS: Twenty nine patients (80%) and 32 patients (89%) achieved objective response after IC and concomitant chemoradiation (CCRT) respectively. The actuarial 3 years survival was 68%, and the actuarial 3 year progression free survival (PFS) was 66%. Survival and PFS were significantly better for patients with smaller tumor volume (stage III), compared with patients with stage IV. Thirteen patients (36%) have elements of local and/or regional failure and 5 patients (14%) have an element of distant metastasis. Neutropenia (25%), mucositis (22%) and vomiting (20%) were the most severe toxicities recorded (grade 3 and 4) during IC while mucositis (36%), dermatitis (28%), anemia (14%) and vomiting (14%) were the most pronouncing toxicities (grade 3 and 4) during CCRT. CONCLUSIONS: IC followed by CCRT treatment program is feasible, tolerable and safe. This strategy improved local control and distant disease control. However combined treatment program have failed to improve survival rates over the historical result of CCRT trials.     

Pilot study of organ preservation multimodality therapy for locally advanced resectable oropharyngeal carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to determine the early efficacy and toxicity of a new multimodality organ-preservation regimen for locally advanced, resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Patients with T3-4N0-3M0 or T2N2-3M0 oropharyngeal SCC were eligible for this Phase II study. Patients needed the physiologic reserve for surgery and technically resectable tumors. Induction carboplatin (area under the curve = 6) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) x 2 cycles (q21 days) were given. Objective responders received definitive radiotherapy (XRT), 70 Gy/7 weeks with concurrent weekly paclitaxel. Initially, the dose of paclitaxel was 50 mg/m2/week; because of mucosal toxicity it was reduced to 30 mg/m2/week. Patients with N2-3 disease received post-XRT neck dissection and 2 more cycles of "adjuvant" chemotherapy. In the first 22 patients, the neutropenic fever rate was 27%. Although there has been no grade IV-V toxicity from induction therapy, grade II-III toxicity resulted in an unacceptable delay in starting XRT in 14% of patients. The response rate to induction chemotherapy was 91%. Grade III mucositis occurred in all patients during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. One patient died of pneumonia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy after receiving 26 Gy and 3 doses of paclitaxel 50 mg/m2. No dose-limiting toxicity occurred in 15 patients treated with concurrent paclitaxel 30 mg/m2/week. Actuarial overall survival at 18 months is 82%; local-regional control is 86%. To date, distant metastases have not developed in any patients. This regimen has intense but acceptable acute toxicity. The maximum tolerated dosage of weekly paclitaxel during standard continuous-course XRT is confirmed to be 30 mg/m2/week. The treatment efficacy of this regimen (response rate and short-term local-regional and distant control) is encouraging. Accrual continues to obtain long-term toxicity, efficacy, and quality-of-life data.     

TP方案诱导化疗序贯同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的 比较多西他赛+顺铂（TP方案）或顺铂+氟尿嘧啶（PF方案）诱导化疗3周期后联合同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和安全性。方法 将局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组：A组30例接受TP方案诱导化疗（多西他赛75 mg／m2 d1+顺铂75 mg／m2 d2）,每3周重复;B组29例接受PF方案诱导化疗（顺铂75 mg／m2 d1+氟尿嘧啶750 mg／m2 civ d1～d5）。诱导化疗结束3周后行三维适形放疗,20 Gy／次,5次／周,共6周,DT 60 Gy,并联合同步化疗（顺铂80 mg／m2,d1,每3周重复）。评价两组患者的疗效及毒副反应,并随访生存情况。结果A、B两组的有效率（RR）分别为76.7％、79.3％（P.0.05）;中位生存时间分别为39.4个月、36.0个月（P＞0.05）。A、B两组中位无进展生存时间分别为12.7个月、10.3个月,差异有统计学意义（P=0.044）。两组毒副反应主要为血液学毒性、黏膜炎等,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 TP方案诱导化疗联合同期放化疗可延长患者的中位无进展生存时间,且未增加不良反应,可作为局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗方案之一。     

TPF方案诱导化疗加同期顺铂化放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

 目的　探讨多西紫杉醇（TAX）、顺铂（DDP）、5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）三药联合方案诱导化疗加DDP同期放化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及可行性。方法　40例初诊局部晚期（UICC分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）鼻咽癌患者入组,随机分为诱导化疗加DDP 3周方案组（A组）,诱导化疗加DDP单周方案组（B组）。两组均先行2个疗程诱导化疗,方案为TAX 60 mg／m2第1天;DDP 60 mg／m2第1天;5-Fu 600 mg／m2 第1天至第5天,每3周重复,共2个周期。第7周开始放疗,放疗第1天同时行化疗。A组：DDP 80 mg／m2第1天,每3周1次,共2次;B组： DDP 30 mg／m2第1天,每周1次,共6次。放疗采用二维适形照射,鼻咽原发病灶68～72 Gy,34～36次,7周,颈部淋巴结阳性区60～66 Gy,30～33次,6～6.5周。结果　40例共完成78个疗程诱导化疗,A、B组各1例出组。38例可评价疗效和不良反应。A组17例完成2个疗程同期DDP化疗;B组10例按计划完成6个周同期化疗,4例完成5周化疗,4例完成4周化疗,1例只完成2周化疗。诱导化疗后CR 4例（10.5 %）,PR 27例（71.1 %）,SD 7例（18.4 %）,总有效（CR+PR）率81.6 %。治疗结束后CR 32例（84.2 %）,PR 5例（13.2 %）,SD 1例（2.6 %）,总有效率 97.4 %。结论　TPF诱导化疗加DDP同期放化疗是治疗晚期鼻咽癌的可行方案,推荐使用同期DDP 3周化疗方案。剂量强度可否提高,有待进一步研究。     

中晚期鼻咽癌新辅助化疗联合放疗前瞻性 临床试验的长期结果

目的：评价新辅助化疗联合放疗在中晚期鼻咽癌治疗的价值。方法：前瞻性临床试验采用化疗方案：Cisplatin20mg/m^2,1-5天,5－FU500mg/m^2,1-5 天,BLM7mg/m^2,第1、5天,化疗2－3个疗程。放射治疗鼻咽剂量：66－74Gy/33-37次,共7－9周;预部淋巴结剂量：60－70Gy/30-35次,共7－8.5周;颈部预防量：48－50Gy。结果：1992－1993年457例鼻咽癌病人进入研究,17例因各种原因退出队列,440例进入分析（化疗＋放疗组219例、单纯放疗组221例）。5年生存率及无瘤生存率实验组及对照组分别为62％vs55％（P＝0.1335)及55％vs48%(P=0.0539)。5年无局部复发生率及无远处转移生存率两组分别为82％vs74%（P＝0.0412)及79％vs75%(P=0.4177)。亚组分析显示新辅助化疗能明显提高T3－4期的局控率;对N2－3病人的远处转移率无影响。结论：新辅助化疗未能提高中晚期鼻咽癌病人的总生存率,亦未能降低远处转移率,有提高无瘤生存率的趋势。新辅助化疗的指征：T3－4期病人。     

Multidisciplinary approach in advanced cancer of the oral cavity: outcome with neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to intention-to-treat local therapy. A phase II study

OBJECTIVES: To determine outcomes in local-regional control and overall survival in patients with squamous locally advanced cancer of the oral cavity, based on intention-to-treat with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery or radiation therapy. METHODS: Two hundred and four out of 1,089 patients analyzed met the defined criteria. All had squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity in stage III or in nonmetastatic stage IV and were selected for surgery or radiation therapy (if located in the tonsils or in the base of the tongue). Chemotherapy was based on cisplatin 120 mg/m(2) i.v. day 1 plus bleomycin 20 mg/m(2) days 1-5 in continuous i.v. perfusion or plus 5-fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m(2) days 1-5 in continuous i.v. perfusion. A total of 418 cycles were given to 204 patients (mean 2.049 per patient). Definitive surgery (n = 73; plus adjuvant radiation therapy) or definitive radiation therapy (n = 131) was performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five out of 204 (66%) patients were chemotherapy responders, 16% complete and 50% partial. One hundred ninety-four patients (95%) completed 2 courses of chemotherapy. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 34 out of 46 patients considered inoperable initially (74%) obtained a disease-free status with surgery. Eighty-three percent of surgical patients obtained a disease-free status (initial tumor control) versus 72% of radiation therapy patients. Disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 26 and 22%, respectively. A better prognosis was observed in stage III over IV (p = 0.02); primary tumor in the retromolar trigone, palate or buccal mucosa over tongue, tonsil or floor of the mouth (p = 0.0085); negative cervical nodes over positive (p = 0.0186); responders to chemotherapy over nonresponders (p = 0.0003); and adjuvant postsurgical radiation therapy (p = 0.0013). Causes of death were relapses in local area (86%), regional nodes (10.5%) or distant metastases (3.5%). Eleven patients (5%) died of a second primary. The main toxic effects were vomiting in 9% of patients and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in 3% of the patients treated with bleomycin. CONCLUSIONS: In locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces a high response rate that may facilitate definitive surgery or radiotherapy. In this study, patients have an acceptable long-term survival.     

紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗转移性鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的:评价紫杉醇联合奈达铂方案治疗转移性鼻咽癌的近期临床疗效和不良反应。方法:32例既往接受化疗的转移性鼻咽癌患者,接受紫杉醇150mg/㎡d1,静脉滴注3h;奈达铂80g/㎡,静脉滴注2h,d1。每3周重复,每2周期评价疗效。结果:全组32例中23例获得缓解(71.8%),其中CR 9例(28.1%)。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制。结论:紫杉醇联合奈达铂方案治疗转移性鼻咽癌患者近期疗效确切,耐受性好。