安阳市宫颈病变患者人乳头瘤病毒感染现状及基因分型分析

目的:分析安阳市宫颈病变患者人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）感染现状,并分析其基因型。方法:选取2018年6月至2020年12月在本院门诊就诊或住院治疗的宫颈病变患者372例,参照宫颈组织病理活检结果分为宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neopl...     

宫颈癌及其前期病变HPV感染与基因型分布

目的了解宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变CIN患者的HPV的感染和其基因分型及主要感染型别情况。方法应用型特异PCR检测宫颈癌及其前病变的患者的HPV感染及其主要基因分型情况的分析。结果在本研究宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变患者中,宫颈癌的HPV感染率为91．0％,CINⅠ／Ⅱ／Ⅲ的HPV感染率为73．3％,主要高危型HPV基因型别依次为HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV33。结论在宫颈上皮内瘤变患者中感染主要高危型HPV基因型别依次为HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV33、HPV16在宫颈癌和CIN中的构成比随着宫颈病变的增加而明显增加。     

Prevalence of HPV genotypes determined by PCR and DNA sequencing in cervical specimens from French women with or without abnormalities

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on human papillomavirus (HPV) are needed to estimate potential changes in type distribution induced by recent HPV vaccination strategies. OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN: The epidemiological distribution of HPV in 669 cervical specimens from French women with and without cytological abnormalities was evaluated using type-specific PCR or sequencing. The results were compared with those obtained using the Digene high-risk Hybrid Capture 2 (HR-HC2) assay. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HPV was high (45.3%) in our study population. 285 of the 291 HPV-positive samples were typed. The distribution frequency concerned 34 different genotypes, with HPV16 being the most prevalent (32.6%). Other genotypes present were HPV31 (7.4%), HPV18, HPV 52 (both 6.0%), HPV6 (5.3%) and HPV66 (4.2%). The respective frequencies of all other genotypes were below 4%. The agreement with HR-HC2 was 78.8%. The distribution frequency data were also analyzed relatively to cytological and histological results. Our method enables the diagnosis of HPV infections with the additional advantage of genotyping. CONCLUSION: HPV infections in the area of France studied here involve numerous HPV types, but the high cumulative prevalences of types 16, 18, 6 and 11 (44.6% in total) would suggest a major impact of vaccination on these genotypes.     

Immunohistochemical detection of p53 in cervical epithelial lesions with or without infection of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18

Using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cervical tissues, we examined infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 by Southern blot analysis following polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the accumulation of p53 protein by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of normal or metaplastic cervix, 17 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CIN I), 20 cases of CIN II, 37 cases of CIN III and 23 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC). In addition, we examined the ratio of HPV-infected cells by in situ hybridization (ISH) and the alteration of p53 gene using PCR followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 2 cases of CIN III and 12 cases of ISCC, in which overexpression of p53 was immunohistochemically detected. HPV DNA was detected in 5 cases (16.7%) of normal or metaplastic cervix, 5 cases (29.4%) of CIN I, 9 cases (45.0%) of CIN II, 26 cases (70.3%) of CIN III and 15 cases (65.2%) of ISCC. Positivity for HPV in the groups of CIN III and ISCC was significantly higher than in the normal or metaplastic cervix (P<0.05). The accumulation of p53 was not detected in the normal or metaplastic cervix, CIN I and CIN II. High-level p53 accumulation was identified in basal and suprabasal atypical cells in 27.0% (10/37) of CIN III and in carcinoma cells in 43.5% (10/23) of ISCC cases, and low-level accumulation was identified in atypical cells of 35.1% (13/37) of CIN III and in carcinoma cells in 30.4% (7/23) of ISCC cases. The accumulation of p53 was found to coexist with infection by HPV in 17 (46.0%) of 37 CIN III cases and 12 (52.2%) of 23 ISCC cases, and high-level p53 accumulation was more frequently detected in HPV-positive ISCC cases. Either HPV infection or accumulation of p53 was found in 16.7% (5/30) of the cases of normal or metaplastic cervix, 29.4% (5/17) of CIN I, 45.0% (9/20) of CIN II, 86.5% (32/37) of CIN III and 87.0% (20/23) of ISCC cases. These results suggest that the inactivation of p53 function by HPV infection or alteration of p53 protein itself precedes the development of tumours with a fully malignant and invasive phenotype and plays an important role in tumorigenesis in the uterine cervix. ISH study provided no correlation between the degree of immunohistochemical positivity for p53 and the ratio of HPV-positive cells in the same lesions. PCR-SSCP detected the alteration of p53 gene in at least 4 cases of ISCC, 2 of which were accompanied by HPV infection.     

Prevalence of human papillomavirus,human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Togo: a national cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesSub-Saharan Africa is a region with high incidence of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cervical cancer. We conducted the first national study in Togo to assess prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSW).MethodsA multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted among FSW recruited in hot spots (clubs, streets) in four Togolese cities. HPV and STIs were tested from cervical and anal swabs. HIV and syphilis were screened with rapid tests.ResultsIn all, 310 FSW were recruited; HIV and cervical high-risk HPV (hrHPV) prevalence were 10.6% (33/310) and 32.9% (102/310), respectively. The most frequent hrHPV types were HPV58 (13.6%, 19/140), HPV35 (12.9%, 18/140), HPV31 (12.1%, 17/140) and HPV16 (10.7%, 15/140). Prevalence of hrHPV and multiple hrHPV infections showed higher rates in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative FSW (48.5% versus 31.0%, p 0.04 and 21.2% versus 9.0%, p 0.03; respectively). Prevalence of hrHPV was higher in cervical than anal swabs (34.1% versus 20.7%, p 0.0004). High-risk HPV anal infections were more frequent among HIV-positive than HIV-negative FSW (51.9% versus 17.3%, p 2 × 10⁻⁵). Concomitant anal and cervical hrHPV infections were present in 43.2% (41/95) of hrHPV-positive FSW. Overall prevalence in the cervix of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis were 4.2%, 6.1%, 5.5% and 6.5%, respectively.ConclusionsThis first African study on paired cervical and anal samples showed a high prevalence of genital HPV infections with a rather high rate of concomitant HPV infections but low type concordance. We report an unusual distribution of hrHPV types. These findings highlight the critical need for implementation of a national HPV vaccination strategy.     

Comparing triage algorithms using HPV DNA genotyping,HPV E7 mRNA detection and cytology in high-risk HPV DNA-positive women

BackgroundHigh-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA positive women require triage testing to identify those with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer (≥CIN2).ObjectiveComparing three triage algorithms (1) E7 mRNA testing following HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58 genotyping (E7 mRNA test), (2) HPV16/18 DNA genotyping and (3) cytology, for ≥CIN2 detection in hrHPV DNA-positive women.Study designhrHPV DNA-positive women aged 18–63 years visiting gynecology outpatient clinics were included in a prospective observational cohort study. From these women a cervical scrape and colposcopy-directed biopsies were obtained. Cervical scrapes were evaluated by cytology, HPV DNA genotyping by bead-based multiplex genotyping of GP5+6+-PCR-products, and presence of HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58 E7 mRNA using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) in DNA positive women for respective HPV types. Sensitivities and specificities for ≥CIN2 were compared between E7 mRNA test and HPV16/18 DNA genotyping in the total group (n = 348), and E7 mRNA test and cytology in a subgroup of women referred for non-cervix-related gynecological complaints (n = 133).ResultsSensitivity for ≥CIN2 of the E7 mRNA test was slightly higher than that of HPV16/18 DNA genotyping (66.9% versus 60.9%; ratio 1.10, 95% CI: 1.0002–1.21), at similar specificity (54.8% versus 52.3%; ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 0.93–1.18). Neither sensitivity nor specificity of the E7 mRNA test differed significantly from that of cytology (sensitivity: 68.8% versus 75.0%; ratio 0.92, 95% CI: 0.72–1.17; specificity: 59.4% versus 65.3%; ratio 0.91, 95% CI: 0.75–1.10).ConclusionFor detection of ≥CIN2 in hrHPV DNA-positive women, an algorithm including E7 mRNA testing following HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58 DNA genotyping performs similar to HPV16/18 DNA genotyping or cytology.     

吕梁地区宫颈病变患者人乳头状瘤病毒基因型的检测分析

目的调查吕梁地区21种人乳头状瘤病毒基因型的检测分析。方法收集568例女性宫颈病变患者宫颈分泌物中的脱落细胞,应用人乳头状瘤病毒导流杂交快速基因分型技术检测21种人乳头状瘤病毒亚型,包括13种高危亚型(16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59和68型)、5种低危亚型(6,11,42,43和44型)和3种中国人群常见亚型(53,66和CP8304型);分析21种基因型的流行病学特征。结果人乳头状瘤病毒感染率41.9%,单一感染率58.4%,混合性感染率39.9%。21种基因型中,高危型以16,53型为主,其次是52,58型,低危型以6,11型为主;人乳头状瘤病毒16型的感染率居首位。结论本地区21种人乳头状瘤病毒基因型的检测分析资料对人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗研究、应用及其感染的防治有重要意义。     

Association between high risk human papillomavirus infection and co-infection with Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in women with cervical premalignant and malignant lesions

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Cervico-vaginal infection with pathogens like Chlamydia is a likely cofactor. The interactions between HPV, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Candida spp. are less understood, though inflammation induced by these pathogens has been demonstrated to facilitate oncogenesis.ObjectiveOur study aimed to evaluate the association between Candida spp. and TV co-infection with HPV in cervical oncogenesis.Study designWomen with normal cervix who were high-risk HPV-negative (N = 104) and HPV-positive (N = 105); women with CIN 1 (N = 106) and CIN 2/CIN 3 (N = 62) were recruited from a community based cervical cancer screening program. Cervical cancer patients (N = 106) were recruited from a tertiary care oncology clinic. High-risk HPV was detected by Hybrid Capture II technique; Candida spp. and TV were detected by culturing the high vaginal swabs followed by microscopic examination in all. The disease status was established by histopathology in all the women.ResultHPV-positive women had significantly higher risk of having precursor lesions (of any grade) and cancer compared to HPV-negative women. Candida spp. or TV infection did not alter the risk of low grade or high grade lesions among HPV- positive women. HPV positive women co-infected with TV had higher risk of cervical cancer but not those co-infected with Candida spp.ConclusionThe higher risk of cancer observed in the women co-infected with HPV and TV without any enhanced risk of CIN 3 suggests secondary infection of the malignant growth by TV rather than any causal role. Co-infection with Candida spp. and/or TV infection did not increase the carcinogenic effect of HPV on cervix.     

Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and associated cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women in Botswana

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) constitute one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections and are the etiological agents for invasive cervical cancer, the predominant cancer among women in Botswana. However, the prevalence of HPV genotypes in Botswana has yet to be reported. One hundred thirty‐nine endocervical swabs were taken at baseline from HIV‐1 infected, HSV‐2 seropositive women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study designed to assess the influence of herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2) infection on genital tract shedding of HIV‐1. Extracted DNA was evaluated for the presence of low‐risk and high‐risk HPV using the Roche Linear Array. Genotyping identified HPV in 95 of 139 women of which 61/95 were infected with high‐risk HPV and 56/95 with low‐risk HPV. The median number of genotypes was 2 (IQR: 1–4). The most prevalent HPV genotype in HIV‐infected women was HPV 58. Abnormal cervical cytology was detected in 87/127 women and was associated with contemporaneous HPV infection (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.93; P = 0.02). HPV prevalence was high among HIV‐infected women with infection by multiple genotypes being widespread. The associations attributed to specific oncogenic HPV subtypes and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions presented here provide critical information to inform future vaccine policy within Botswana. J. Med. Virol. 83:1689–1695, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织中HPV感染与低相对分子质量蛋白酶体2和7基因启动子甲基化的关系

目的 探讨维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变及其人乳头状瘤病毒( human papillomavirus,HPV)感染与低相对分子质量蛋白酶体(low molecular-weight protein,LMP)基因启动子区甲基化水平的关系和意义.方法 利用专业软件设计LMP2和LMP7基因启动子区含CpG岛特异性PCR引物,对SiHa宫颈癌细胞DNA进行亚硫酸氢盐修饰、目的片段扩增、质粒载体克隆和测序,确定该区域所含CpG序列甲基化情况;收集维吾尔族妇女正常宫颈上皮、宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和宫颈鳞癌(cervical squamous cell carcinoma,CSCC)患者新鲜组织和石蜡组织标本78例,并提取DNA,采用Sequenom MassARRAY DNA技术平台(质谱分析),定量分析LMP2和LMP7基因启动子甲基化水平,同时以HPV分型芯片鉴定HPV亚型,分析基因甲基化与HPV感染的关系;应用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测LMP2、LMP7mRNA和蛋白的表达,并分析蛋白表达与基因甲基化的关系.结果 LMP2和LMP7基因相应目的片段各含有22个CpG位点,在SiHa宫颈癌细胞基因组DNA中,只有LMP7有2个位点发生甲基化.宫颈病变病理过程伴随着LMP7基因CpG片段甲基化水平改变,其在CSCC和CIN组织的甲基化率(0.1864±0.0893和0.0728±0.0548)高于正常宫颈上皮组织(0.0652±0.0488),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着宫颈病变的加重LMP7 mRNA和蛋白表达逐渐下调,各组间表达差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),LMP7蛋白表达随着该基因甲基化率增高而降低(F=8.69,P=0.035).而LMP2蛋白表达在3组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HPV分型芯片检出12种HPV基因型,其中HPV16感染率构成比为52/78(66.7％),HPV16亚型阳性与宫颈病变进程及LMP7基因甲基化率升高趋势正相关(t=1.996,P=0.049).结论 LMP7基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化是一种宫颈癌病变特异性改变,与HPV16感染可能存在密切关系.     

Influence of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection and CD4 count on cervical HPV DNA detection in women from Senegal,West Africa

BackgroundHIV infection is associated with greater risk of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in women. However, several factors remain unclarified regarding the association between HIV infection and HPV detection, especially among those with HIV type 2 versus type 1 infection and severely immunocompromised persons.ObjectivesTo evaluate HPV overall and type-specific detection among HIV-infected and uninfected women in Senegal.Study designDetection of HPV DNA for 38 genotypes in cervical swabs using PCR-based methods was evaluated in HIV-positive (n = 467) and HIV-negative (n = 2139) women participating in studies in Senegal. Among HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 positive women, CD4 counts were assessed. Adjusted multivariable prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of any HPV DNA and multiple HPV types was greater among HIV-infected individuals (78.2% and 62.3%, respectively) compared with HIV-negative women (27.1% and 11.6%). This trend was also seen for HPV types 16 and 18 (13.1% and 10.9%) compared to HIV-negative women (2.2% and 1.7%). HIV-infected women with CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/μl had a higher likelihood of any HPV detection (PR_a 1.30; 95% CI 1.07–1.59), multiple HPV types (PR_a 1.52; 95% CI 1.14–2.01), and HPV-16 (PR_a 9.00; 95% CI 1.66–48.67), but not HPV-18 (PR_a 1.20, 95% CI 0.45–3.24) compared to those with CD4 counts 500 cells/μl or above.ConclusionHIV-infected women, especially those most severely immunocompromised, are more likely to harbor HPV. Measures to prevent initial HPV infection and subsequent development of cervical cancer through focused screening efforts should be implemented in these high risk populations.     

Prevalence and distribution of cervical human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cytological results from Sichuan province,China

The epidemiologic characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes vary by age, ethnicity, and geographic location, and the available data on HPV epidemiological characteristics with cytology results in Sichuan province are limited. Our research was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017. A total of 10 953 women getting HPV testing were enrolled. Liquid-based cytological and histological results were collected. The overall HPV infection rate was 24.1% in Sichuan province. The prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) was 19.9%. For hrHPV genotypes, HPV52 (15.5%) was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV16 (13.8%), HPV58 (13.3%), HPV51 (8.6%), HPV39 (8.1%), and HPV68 (7.8%). Among all HPV-positive women with a cytology or histology result, HPV16-positive women have the highest cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1)+ prevalence (11.1%), followed by HPV18 and HPV33; HPV16-positive women also have the highest CIN2+ prevalence (9.3%), followed by HPV58 and HPV18. To date, this is the largest study done in the Sichuan province for HPV prevalence and subtype distribution with normal and abnormal cytological results. The age-specific prevalence in patients at gynecology clinics and other clinics is different. Besides, patients at the same age also have a different hrHPV prevalence and lrHPV prevalence. Our result revealed that in every 10 HPV16-positive women, there is approximately one women with CIN2, CIN3, or cervical cancer. A higher oncogenic potential of HPV58 than that of HPV52 was observed.     

Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervico-vaginal scrapes of women with normal and abnormal cytology

Background   Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical carcinoma. The study addressed the expression and detection of HPV genotypes in cervical and vaginal specimens of women with normal and abnormal cytology by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), each woman serving as her own control.
Methods   Study participants (127) were subgrouped into CIN-positive and CIN-negative, based on cytology screening, and endocervical and vaginal scrapes were collected by a gynecologist and placed immediately in saline. HPV DNA was assessed by PCR, and HPV genotypes were determined by hybridization of PCR products with type-specific biotinylated probes.
Results   Of the 127 participants, 55 tested positive and 72 tested negative for HPV DNA. While there was no difference between the two groups with regards to age or to number of pregnancies, higher numbers of smokers and of women with multiple sexual partners and abnormal cytology were seen in the HPV-positive group ( P  < 0.001). HPV DNA was detected in the vaginal scrapes of all HPV-positive, but in none of the HPV-negative women (sensitivity and specificity = 1.0). Furthermore, the HPV genotype was the same in vaginal and endocervical specimens in all the HPV-positive women.
Conclusion   HPV detection by PCR, using endocervical or vaginal sampling, is a sensitive and highly specific test for the identification of HPV infection, in particular in women with cytomorphologically normal cervices.     

Human papillomavirus genotypes and their association with cervical neoplasia in a cohort of Western Australian women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be the cause of almost all cervical cancers. The genotypes have been classified into high and low risk types according to their oncogenic potential. However, data for many of the genotypes are limited and some (HPV-26, 53, and 66) have no agreed status. A study was undertaken to determine the HPV genotype distribution in women of Western Australia and the association with cervical neoplasia. Liquid based cervical samples from a cohort of 282 Western Australian women were tested for HPV DNA by PCR followed by DNA sequencing to determine HPV genotypes. HPV-53 and HPV-16 were the most common genotypes found in this population. In addition 86 archived liquid based cervical samples from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1-3 (CIN 1-3) were tested for HPV DNA. Also 32 archived paraffin biopsy samples from women with squamous cell carcinoma were also tested. HPV-16 was the most common genotype found in these samples. Of the cohort of Western Australian women tested, 27% were found to contain HPV and approximately half of these contained known high-risk HPV genotypes, but only 30% of these were types 16 or 18. The data from this study indicate that HPV-53 is not oncogenic based on an R value and odds ratio (OR) of zero. The data also suggest that HPV-73 may be oncogenic, while HPV-66 is unlikely to be. Two high-risk HPV genotypes that are associated with the Asian region (HPV-52 and HPV-58) were found in Western Australian women suggesting a possible epidemiological link between women in these countries.     

Evaluation of the detection of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical specimens by hybrid capture as screening for precancerous lesions in HIV-positive women

Given the frequency and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated cytological alterations in HIV-1-positive women, the incidence of uterine cervix neoplasm is likely to increase along with patient survival. More appropriate screening programs, which, in addition to Pap smears (PS), also include tests to detect and type HPV, are needed for the early identification of precancerous cervical lesions. This prospective study involved 168 HIV-positive (group A) and 100 HIV-negative women (group B). Cervicovaginal samples were collected for a PS and HPV DNA search. The detected virus was typed as high–intermediate oncogenic risk HPV (HR-HPV) and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) using hybrid capture (HC) (Murex-Digene) and in-house PCR tests. The HC-detected prevalence of HPV was 111/168 (66%:HR 75.6%) in group A and 15/100 (15%:HR 42.9%) in group B (P < 0.0001). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive in 91% and 48%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between drug addicts and heterosexual HIV-1-positive women (P = 0.09). HPV was detected in 94% of the 57 HIV-positive women with cytological alterations. HR-HPV was found in 41/49 women with low-grade and 7/8 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively). In women with a negative PS, HPV was detected in 57/111 cases (HR 63%) of group A and in 13/98 of group B (6 cases of HR). Of the 54 group A women who underwent biopsy, histology revealed that 41 had LSIL (18 with negative PS, 19 with LSIL, and 4 with HSIL; HR-HPV in 73% and LR-HPV in 17%), nine had HSIL (5 LSIL and 4 HSIL on cytology; HR-HPV in 89% and LR-HPV in 11%), and four were negative (all cytology negative; 3 HR-HPV and 1 LR-HPV). HR-HPV was more frequent as immunodepression worsened. These results show that cytological evaluation alone underestimated histological alterations in 23/50 women (42.6%), whereas the combination of Pap smear and HPV detection reduced this underestimate to 5%. J. Med. Virol. 56:133–137, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HPV infections in women with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Beijing,China

We assessed the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections. A total of 1783 women who underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy for abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test and/or HR-HPV subtype genotyping results were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 770 were diagnosed with cervicitis, 395 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 542 with CIN2-3, and 76 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with HR-HPV infection rates of 75.8%, 85.8%, 95.9%, and 88.4%, respectively. The prevalence of total and multiple HR-HPV infections exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak at ≤25 years, a decline with age and a second peak at ≥55 years, whereas single HR-HPV infections exhibited one peak from 35 to 44 years. The four most dominant HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (29.5%), 52 (15.0%), 58 (14.2%), and 18 (10.4%). In total, 67.0%, 70.4%, and 82.1% of patients with CIN1, CIN2-3, and SCC, respectively, had a single HR-HPV infection, which increased significantly with the aggravation of the cervical lesion grade (P = 0.045). Patients with a single HPV 16 infection had higher incidences of CIN2+ (62.2%) than those with multiple HPV 16 infections (52.4%) (P = 0.021). Patients coinfected with HPV 16 had higher CIN2+ incidence than those with single HPV 52, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, or 59 infections (P < 0.001). This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HR-HPV infections in women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in Beijing.     

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in women with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Henan province,central China

To evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its genotype among women with cervical lesions in Henan Province, central China. A total of 1317 cervical scrapes from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) (n = 91), CIN2/3 (n = 466), and cervical cancer (CC; n = 760) were collected from 2013 to 2018, and then tested for HPV genotypes using polymerase chain reaction followed by flow-through hybridization assay. The prevalence of HPV was 62.64% for patients with CIN1, 86.91% for patients with CIN2/3%, and 89.21% for patients with CC. In total, the HPV prevalence was 86.56%, and the most common HPV type was HPV16 (58.77%) followed by HPV58 (10.33%), 18 (7.67%), 52 (6.61%), and 33 (5.54%). In this study, the high-risk HPV cumulative attribution rate of nine-valent vaccine coverage was markedly higher than that of bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine coverage in each histopathological category or overall (P < .001). Single HPV infection was the main infection category in each histopathological diagnosis, and the total infection rate was 65.83% (867/1317; P < .001). The prevalence of HPV16 or single HPV infection increased with the severity of cervical lesions (P < .001). HPV16, 58, 18, 52, and 33 may be predominant high-risk factors for cervical lesions in Henan Province. The nine-valent prophylactic HPV vaccine is more effective than a bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine for protecting women from CC in the region.     

Typing of human papillomavirus in women with cervical lesions: Prevalence and distribution of different genotypes

Human papillomavirus (HPV) are distributed widely and persistent infection with high‐risk (HR) HPV is recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of different HR‐HPV genotypes in 199 women with cervical pre‐invasive lesions undergoing conservative treatment. A Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test was used to identify individual HPV genotypes in cervical samples. It was observed that the most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (52.6%), HPV 51 (13.5%), and HPV 31 (10.9%); HPV 18 was found in 7.3% of the patients. Stratifying the different HPV genotypes according to the severity of the cervical lesion, a strong association between the increasing severity of the histological diagnosis and the detection of more carcinogenic HR‐HPV type was found, and in all but one cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 the presence of at least one HR‐HPV could be detected, with more than 70% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 patients bearing HPV 16. Multiple infections, comprising between 2 and 6 HPV types, were found in 43% of patients; however, the presence of more than 1 HR‐HPV type was not associated with an increased risk of high grade lesions. In conclusion, this data show that HPV 16, 51, 31, 52, and 18 were the prevalent types found in patients with cervical lesion undergoing conservative treatment, with a high prevalence of HPV 16 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 patients. No association between multiple infection and severity of the lesion could be found. J. Med. Virol. 81:271–277, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.