经右桡动脉冠状动脉造影时右锁骨下动脉和(或)头臂干迂曲致选择左冠状动脉口困难的处理

目的探讨经右桡动脉冠状动脉造影时右锁骨下动脉和(或)头臂干迂曲致选择左冠状动脉口困难的处理方法。方法经右桡动脉行冠状动脉造影时,由于右锁骨下动脉和(或)头臂干迂曲,致共用导管选择左冠状动脉口困难,此时将共用导管前端即第一、二弯之间及第二弯近段徒手塑形,使其弯曲度增大,观察用此方法行选择性左冠状动脉造影的结果及安全性。结果 35例选择左冠状动脉口困难的患者均造影成功,成功率100%,无相关并发症发生。28例患者经造影确诊冠心病。结论经右桡动脉冠状动脉造影时右锁骨下动脉和(或)头臂干迂曲致选择左冠状动脉口困难时,行导管前端塑形是一种有效、简便、安全且经济的方法。     

Subclavian Steal Phenomenon Associated With Vascular Ring in an Infant Who Had a Prenatally Diagnosed Right Aortic Arch With an Atretic Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery

Vascular ring is a rare congenital anomaly in which the abnormal origin of the aorta or its branches and pulmonary arteries leads to encircling and compression of the trachea and esophagus. A right aortic arch (RAA) with an aberrant left subclavian artery is one of the most common forms of vascular ring. Here, we report a case of a prenatally diagnosed vascular ring resulting from an RAA with an aberrant left subclavian artery. When the infant was 7 months of age, the development of noisy breathing prompted further evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging that showed an atretic left subclavian artery associated with collateral retrograde flow from the left vertebral artery to the distal portion of the subclavian artery. Our findings indicate that an untreated RAA with an aberrant left subclavian artery may be associated with an increased risk of developing subclavian artery steal syndrome.     

Stenting of the left carotid artery to relieve anginal symptoms.

Stenting of the carotid artery is usually performed either to prevent an acute neurologic event or to treat episodes of recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Occasionally, it may be performed for other indications. We describe the case of a patient with prior coronary artery bypass grafting using a left internal mammary arterial graft, in addition to left carotid artery to left subclavian artery bypass for symptomatic left subclavian stenosis, who subsequently underwent left common carotid artery stenting to relieve anginal symptoms.     

Balloon expandable stent implantation after latrogenic arterial dissection of the left subclavian artery

A patient undergoing attempted angioplasty of a left internal mammary artery graft to left anterior descending coronary artery developed an iatrogenic dissection of the left subclavian artery, with symptoms of left arm claudication. A balloon expandable stent was inserted with an excellent angiopgraphic result. The patient has remained free of symtoms or signs of decreased arm flow, with a patent subclavian artery demonstrate on angiography 8 months later. The excellent early-to-moderate term clinical and angiographic results support the efficacy of this technical approach. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Syncope as Initial Presentation of Kommerell Diverticulum

Kommerell diverticulum (KD) is an aortic arch diverticulum at the origin of an aberrant subclavian artery. It is a rare anatomical anomaly that can be associated with a double aortic arc, a left aortic arch, and anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery or a right aortic arch with anomalous left subclavian artery. We present a case of KD presenting initially as syncope, as well as a review of the literature of this rare syndrome, including diagnosis, imaging techniques, and current surgical treatments.     

A case of Coronary-Subclavian Steal Syndrome

Surgical bypass of left coronary artery disease using the internal mammary artery (IMA) as a conduit is standard practice. Adequate blood supply to the IMA is dependent on normal flow in the subclavian artery. Stenosis of the subclavian can impair coronary supply from the internal mammary artery. This may create a steal syndrome whereby the left arm may rob the coronary system of flow especially during arm exercise. In the present report a case of angina with left coronary system steal via an internal mammary graft due to atherosclerotic subclavian stenosis. Successful treatment of the anginal symptoms by native coronary stenting is described.     

Unusual vertebral artery origins: examples and related pathology.

Anomalies of the vertebral arteries are uncommon, but important to recognize in the diagnosis and catheter based evaluation and treatment of patients suffering cerebrovascular disease. This article illustrates our experience with such anomalies. These include the vertebral artery arising as the fourth and most distal branch of the aortic arch, as a right subclavian artery branch arising distal to the right thyrocervical trunk, as a right common carotid artery branch in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery, and a case of left vertebral artery proximal duplication, with both aortic and left subclavian vertebral arteries present in the same patient; the latter join to form a single distal cervical vertebral artery.     

Pseudopulmonary artery sling in a 22q11 deletion newborn with tetralogy of Fallot and isolated left subclavian artery

We report an interest and mystifying cardiovascular imaging in a 22q11 deletion neonate with rare congenital heart defects, including anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery arising from the right pulmonary artery and in front of the trachea, called pseudo-pulmonary artery sling, combined with isolated left subclavian artery confirmed by multidetector row computed tomography.     

Symptomatic angina secondary to coronary-subclavian steal syndrome treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian artery

Subclavian artery stenosis causing severely symptomatic angina in a patient with a previous left internal mammary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery was treated successfully with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Baseline arteriography clearly revealed subclavian and coronary steal by evidence of competitive flow of nonopacified blood from the left vertebral artery. Although there was a difference of only 15 mm Hg between the right and left brachial arteries, there was a palpable difference in the upstroke of these pulses. The stenosis in the subclavian artery was successfully dilated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Angiographic evidence of subclavian steal resolved following balloon dilatation, and the patient's angina was completely resolved. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Endoluminal stenting of a subclavian artery stenosis to treat ischemia in the distribution of a patent left internal mammary graft

Subclavian artery stenosis is a rare cause of recurrent myocardial ischemia in patients who have undergone left internal mammary-coronary artery bypass grafting. A patient with this syndrome was successfully treated by placement of Palmaz biliary stents in the left subclavian artery. Angiographic and hemodynamic evidence of restricted subclavian flow resolved following stenting, as did the patient's unstable angina syndrome. Endoluminal stenting of the proximal subclavian artery for the treatment of coronary-subclavian steal can be performed safely and provides an alternative to other forms of surgical or percutaneous (PTCA, directional atherectomy) revascularization for treatment of this disorder. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Angina pectoris caused by subclavian coronary steal

A 79-year-old white woman underwent coronary bypass graft surgery using a left internal mammary artery graft. The patient represented with chest pains 4 months later. A total occlusion of the left subclavian artery was documented with a coronary subclavian steal. The patient was treated with an axillo-axillary Gore-Tex graft. Pathophysiology and therapeutic options of the coronary subclavian steal are discussed.© 1993 Wlley-Liss, Inc     

Incidental finding of arteria lusoria during transradial coronary catheterization: Significance in interventional cardiology

Arteria lusoria is the most common anomaly of the aortic arch with an incidence of 0.5%–2.5%. It is mostly diagnosed incidentally while performing imaging for evaluation of other unrelated medical conditions. The aberrant right subclavian artery arises beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery from the aortic arch. This results in a complex right‐subclavian‐aortic anatomy which leads to difficulty in transradial coronary angiography. This can lead to prolonged procedure time and increased use of catheters by unaware interventionists. This is even more important if this is encountered in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction. Our review takes into account clinical significance of this uncommon anomaly in the field of interventional cardiology.     

Isolated subclavian artery aneurysm: evaluation by transesophageal echocardiography

A 50-year-old man was evaluated following a motor vehicle accident. Chest X-ray showed a widened mediastinum. Transesophageal echocardiography was helpful in identifying the left subclavian artery and in demonstrating an isolated subclavian artery aneurysm. The TEE findings correlated well with the results of chest CT. Using TEE for the identification of the aortic branches in patients with chest trauma may be critical.     

超声判断锁骨下动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术应用的价值

目的:探讨冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术前常规超声检查锁骨下动脉的价值。方法:超声检查拟CABG术患者1546例共3092条锁骨下动脉,分析锁骨下动脉狭窄及同侧椎动脉、乳内动脉的血流频谱情况,发现锁骨下动脉中度以上狭窄时以血管造影为金标准,评价椎动脉及乳内动脉逆流诊断锁骨下动脉狭窄的价值。结果:103例患者(124条锁骨下动脉)存在锁骨下动脉起始段中度以上狭窄,狭窄发生率为6.7%。锁骨下动脉狭窄侧椎动脉逆流51条,无逆流73条,余锁骨下动脉无狭窄侧椎动脉均无逆流;锁骨下动脉狭窄侧乳内动脉逆流11条,无逆流113条,余锁骨下动脉无狭窄侧乳内动脉均无逆流。以椎动脉逆流诊断同侧锁骨下动脉狭窄的敏感性为41.1%,特异性为100%,ROC曲线下面积为0.706;以乳内动脉逆流诊断同侧锁骨下动脉狭窄的敏感性为8.87%,特异性为100%,ROC曲线下面积为0.544。结论:根据椎动脉及乳内动脉逆流诊断同侧锁骨下动脉狭窄的价值均较低,常规超声检查锁骨下动脉对指导CABG术桥血管选择避免出现冠状动脉锁骨下动脉窃血综合征是非常重要的。     

Isolation of left subclavian artery with reversal of neurological and hemodynamic abnormalities after percutaneous closure

Isolation of left subclavian artery is a rare congenital anomaly. In this abnormality, the left subclavian artery arises from the homo-lateral pulmonary artery rather than from aorta. This condition is often diagnosed by angiography and treated by surgery. The authors present a case, which had vertebro-basilar insufficiency, subclavian steal phenomenon and pulmonary plethora. All these clinical signs disappeared by a simple percutaneous intervention.     

Isolation of the Left Subclavian Artery in D-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Right Aortic Arch

Abnormal branching of the aorta associated with the right aortic arch (RAA) has been reported as isolation of left subclavian artery (ILSA), isolation of left common carotid artery, isolation of brachiocephalic artery. ILSA is a rare aortic branch anomaly that originates in the left subclavian artery from the pulmonary artery via ductus arteriosus. Several reports have described ILSA associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot. Here, we present a very unusual case of RAA with ILSA associated with D-transposition of the great arteries and inferior vena cava interrupted with azygos continuation.     

Anomalous origin of left internal mammary artery from the lateral junction of the left subclavian artery and aorta

We describe the first reported case of an internal mammary artery originating from the junction of the left subclavian artery and aorta. Noting this, along with other reported anomalies and various pathologic conditions, it appears warranted to perform routine preoperative internal mammary artery angiography before coronary artery bypass surgery. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验。方法:3例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉(迷走左锁骨下动脉型)合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者经胸部右后外切口行胸降主动脉置换术、迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术。结果:3例患者均痊愈出院,住院天数7～10 d,无左上肢缺血症状及神经系统并发症。结论:主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸降主动脉置换术方法可行,临床疗效满意,术中判断后行迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术,可简化手术方式,但应避免术后左上肢缺血坏死。     

A patient with multiple vascular atherosclerotic distributions

The present report describes a patient who experienced unstable angina late after coronary artery bypass surgery, in which the left internal mammary artery was grafted to the left anterior descending artery. Catheterization revealed the culprit, which was left main stem obstructive disease, a significant proximal left subclavian artery (SCA) lesion and a large abdominal aortic aneurysm. The latter lesions were not suspected or revealed before catheterization. Combined surgical management was recommended; however, the patient died following recurrent angina that was complicated with pulmonary edema and cardiac arrest. Patients with severe coronary artery disease are at high risk of having multiple vascular atherosclerotic distributions including SCA stenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Recurrent angina after left internal mammary artery grafting should always raise the suspicion of a left SCA stenosis causing coronary subclavian steal. Such patients should undergo a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation to reveal the extent of atherosclerotic disease. Such an approach affects decision making in the catheterization laboratory and aids in choosing the safest and most effective treatment for the individual patient.     

经桡动脉径路冠状动脉介入诊疗的初步评价

目的初步评价经桡动脉进行冠状动脉介入诊疗临床应用的优缺点。方法经桡动脉冠状动脉介入40例,与股动脉径路42例比较。结果与股动脉径路对比,桡动脉穿刺时间稍长,术后血管加压包扎时间、术后卧床时间和住院时间均较经股动脉进行同类手术时间短,术后出血并发症少,住院费用相对减少。右侧头臂千和锁骨下动脉变异、弯曲导致2例手术困难,1例改由股动脉径路手术。缺点是经右侧桡动脉途径无法进行左侧颈动脉及左锁骨下动脉选择性造影,常规导管亦无法进行选择性肾动脉造影。结论经桡动脉进行冠状动脉介入诊疗方法有一定优点,值得临床推广应用。