婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的:评价婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗的可行性和安全性,总结其临床特点及技术难点。方法:选取年龄小于3岁患有膜周部室间隔缺损的患儿18例(婴幼儿组),在经胸超声心动图及X线影像指导下完成介入治疗。术后1、3、6个月复查心电图、心脏超声心动图。另选20例年龄在3～7岁之间的患有膜周部室间隔缺损但不伴假性膜部瘤且符合介入治疗指征的患儿为对照组。结果:婴幼儿组15例患儿成功封堵,2例术后造影示少量分流(<3mm),其中1例24h后、1例1个月后超声心动图复查均无残余分流。术中并发左、右束支传导阻滞分别为1例和2例,均1周内恢复。术后发生股动脉血栓2例、股动静脉瘘2例、假性动脉瘤1例,经相应处理后均恢复正常。与对照组比较,婴幼儿组的操作时间较对照组长,成功例数较对照组少,心脏并发症,血管并发症,其他并发症较对照组多,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗是可行的,应加强对其介入治疗适应证的选择及心脏、血管等并发症的预防。     

儿童膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗并发症的分析

目的:了解儿童膜周部室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defects,VSD)经导管介入治疗的并发症.方法:对接受了经导管介入治疗的89例膜周部VSD患儿的并发症进行分析.结果:89例患儿中85例(95.5%)封堵成功;9例(10.6%)发生了术后并发症,并发症有严重心律失常致抽搐、溶血,完全性左束支传导阻滞、左前分支传导阻滞、不完全性右束支传导阻滞等,经治疗均恢复正常.结论:介入治疗VSD的并发症主要是传导阻滞、溶血,经导管介入治疗VSD并发症发生率低,是相对安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法.     

膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗的临床评价

目的:评价膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)经导管封堵治疗的临床效果。 方法:456例患者,经胸超声心动图测量VSD直径为3-18(6.2±3.1)mm,VSD距主动脉右冠瓣距离0.5-5.0(2.3±1.0)mm。其中6例合并动脉导管未闭,7例合并房间隔缺损,1例合并动脉导管未闭和房间隔缺损。19例伴轻度主动脉右冠瓣脱垂。先行左心室造影,通过VSD建立动静脉轨道,应用7-10F输送鞘管从右心系统送入封堵器。 结果:左心室造影测量VSD直径为3-20(6.4±3.0)mm,VSD距主动脉右冠瓣距离0.5-6.0(2.4±1.1)mm,其中86例患者VSD距主动脉右冠瓣距离<2 mm。391例伴膜部瘤形成。448例患者封堵成功,成功率为98％。未成功的8例中,2例导管未能通过缺损处,2例术中导丝通过VSD出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB),2例封堵后出现间歇性Ⅲ度AVB,2例伴主动脉右冠瓣轻度脱垂患者封堵后有少-中量主动脉瓣反流而放弃封堵治疗。所选封堵器大小为4-22(8.6±3.1)mm。封堵器到位后即刻左心室造影示微量残余分流68例,6个月复查超声心动图有1例微量残余分流。术后发生高度AVB 6例,1例安装永久起搏器。封堵器向膜部瘤出口明显移位1例,外科取出封堵器并行手术修补VSD。溶血2例,三尖瓣中量反流1例。合并动脉导管未闭6例、房间隔缺损7例、合并动脉导管未闭和房问隔缺损1例,同时成功封堵。 结     

新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)的临床疗效。方法采用新型Amplatzer膜周部室间隔缺损封堵器,对46例PMVSD患者进行封堵治疗。对心脏多普勒超声检查符合导管封堵条件的患者术前常规进行心导管检查,测定血流动力学参数。在X线透视、食管超声心动图(TEE)的监测下建立股动静脉轨道,经右心系统释放封堵器。病人分别于术后24小时、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果46例患者中除2例因室间隔缺损膜部瘤松软未能成功置入外,其余患者均能正确置放新型Amplatzer封堵器和即刻完全封堵PM-VSD。术后24小时至6个月进行TEE复查,所有患者被完全封堵。结论新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种安全、成功率高、近期疗效可靠的介入方法。     

儿童膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗和随访评价

正室间隔缺损(VSD)是最常见的儿童先天性心脏病,它可以单独发病,可以是并发房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭或瓣膜病变的复合先心病,或作为复杂型先天性心脏疾病的一个组成部分,如:法洛四联症、三尖瓣闭锁、大动脉转位及肺动脉瓣闭锁等。儿童单纯VSD的疾病进程有下列三种情况:3岁以内有自然愈合的趋势;非限制型VSD需要干预;限制型VSD可伴随终身。     

主动脉边缘不足2 mm膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗评价

目的评价距主动脉瓣2mm以内的膜部室间隔缺损（VSD）经导管封堵治疗的可行性。方法86（男46,女40）例患者,年龄3～48（12±9）岁。经胸超声检测VSD距主动脉右冠瓣0.5～2（平均1.2）mm,VSD直径3～18（7±4）mm。其中22例有轻度肺动脉高压,2例有轻～中度肺动脉高压。19例伴轻度主动脉右冠瓣脱垂。结果左心室造影测量VSD直径为4～18（平均7）mm,VSD距主动脉右冠瓣0.5～2（平均1.2）mm。84例患者封堵成功,2例伴主动脉右冠瓣轻度脱垂封堵后有少～中量主动脉瓣返流而放弃封堵,成功率为98%。所选封堵器大小为5～22（平均8.4）mm。封堵器到位后即刻左心室和升主动脉造影显示,微量残余分流7例,微量主动脉瓣返流5例。3月超声复查有1例微量主动脉瓣返流,均无残余分流。术后发生高度AVB1例,经药物治疗恢复。结论距主动脉瓣2mm以内的膜部VSD可以成功经导管封堵治疗,其远期疗效尚需长期临床观察。     

膜部瘤型室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗的临床研究

目的通过使用国产室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect,VSD）封堵器封堵合并膜部瘤的室间隔缺损,总结及探讨如何安全有效地对该类患者进行内科介入封堵治疗。方法选择2010年1月1日至2013年10月31日广州军区广州总医院收治的47例心内科患者,通过超声心动图、左心室造影术等检查明确诊断为膜部瘤型VSD,同时分析缺损位置、VSD两端内外口径大小、膜部瘤破口数目等。47例患者VSD左心室面口内径为（8．8±3．1）mm,右心室面口内径为（6．9±2．9）mm。所有患者均采用深圳先健科技有限公司研制的膜部VSD封堵器。结果44例患者介入封堵成功,成功率93．6％,介入手术时间（53.5±8.3）min,X线曝光时间（22．2±8．3）min,住院时间7～14d,随访3～6个月均无一例出现残余漏或超过轻度的瓣膜反流、传导阻滞等现象。3例因合并多处破口未封堵成功,建议行外科手术治疗。结论应用VSD封堵器治疗膜部瘤型VSD疗效可靠、操作简便、使用安全,长期疗效需进一步随访观察。     

膜周部室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣中、重度反流行介入治疗的疗效分析

目的:探讨膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)合并三尖瓣中、重度反流行介入治疗的可行性,并评价其疗效.方法:分析2016-01至2017-12我院膜周部VSD合并三尖瓣中、重度反流44例患者,通过应用超声心动图,观察VSD形态、三尖瓣反流程度及原因,评估VSD介入治疗效果及三尖瓣反流在介入术前、术后的变化.结果:43例患者介入治...     

室间隔缺损膜部瘤的造影分型及介入治疗方法学研究

目的：结合介入治疗实际对室间隔缺损(VSD)伴膜部瘤形成进行造影分型，并对不同类型膜部瘤的介入封堵方法进行探讨。方法：2002-11～2003-11采用新型Amplatzer膜部室间隔缺损封堵器对32例并发膜部瘤的膜周部VSD行封堵治疗，平均年龄19(3～48)岁。封堵术前常规行左室造影，在经胸超声心动图(TTE)及透视监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器，并于术后1、3、6、12个月随访复查胸片、超声心动图、心电图。     

应用Amplatzer偏心性封堵器介入治疗膜部室间隔缺损

目的　应用Amplatzer偏心性封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损 (perimembraneventicularseptaldefect,PMVSD)并对近期疗效进行观察。方法　 6例PMVSD患者均经胸超声心动图确诊 ,术中经左心室造影明确缺损直径为 3～ 9mm ,平均 5 5mm ;经左心系统、室间隔缺损处、右心系统建立导丝轨迹 ,沿导丝经传送鞘管送直径 6～ 12mm(平均 8mm)的Amplatzer封堵器至缺损处行封堵 ;术后 2 4h、1月、3月分别行经胸超声及X线检查观察临床疗效。结果　全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症。全部患者封堵后无一例存在残余分流 ,术后即刻完全封堵率 10 0 % ;术后 2 4h、1月及 3月经胸超声心动图检查无残余分流 ,X线检查全部显示肺血减少 ,心胸比例不同程度缩小。 1例患者术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 ,1月随访时消失。结论　经导管置入Amplatzer偏心性膜部室间隔缺损封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种成功率高、近期疗效可靠的介入方法 ,其远期疗效需进一步观察。     

经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损 (perimembranousventricularseptaldefect,PMVSD) ,并对其疗效进行初步分析。方法 :18例室间隔缺损 (VSD)中男性 8例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 7 6岁 ,平均体重 2 6 9kg。局麻下行右心导管检查 ,左室造影测量室缺大小 ,经VSD建立股动脉 股静脉轨道 ,封堵器沿传送装置送至左室 ,打开左侧伞并确认铂金标记 (MARK)位于 6点位 ,指向心尖 ,在室间隔右室侧打开右侧伞 ,经超声心动图和左室造影确认封堵器位置良好 ,无残余分流 ,无三尖瓣及主动脉瓣关闭不全后释放封堵器。结果 :18例VSD患者封堵手术均获成功。VSD平均大小 3 9mm ,所选封堵器平均大小 7 1mm ,放射线观察MARK均在 6点位置。封堵效果良好 ,术后 2 4h左室舒张末径明显缩小 ;术后 2 4h仅 2例有微量残余分流 ,无 1例出现主动脉瓣关闭不全 ,无其它严重并发症 ,平均住院3 5d。结论 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部VSD封堵效果好 ,恢复快 ,免除开胸创伤及体外循环等高风险 ,值得进一步推广。     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with Amplatzer occluder assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

We report our initial experience in two patients using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to assess perimembranous ventricular septal defect and device morphology and their relation with contiguous cardiac structure. Defect size and rims as well as device position and profile were displayed from the three-dimensional "en face" views. We think that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography could be a complementary approach to angiography and transesophageal echocardiography in performing transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect.     

应用新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的初步研究

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的可行性及近期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 2年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 7月采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对 2 6例 (男 11例 ,女 15例 )膜周部VSD(2 0例合并膜部瘤 )患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄 3～ 4 0 (16 4± 10 7)岁 ,胸超声提示VSD的直径为 3～ 14 (4 7± 1 0 )mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器 ,并分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 2 5例患者封堵器置入成功 ,技术成功率 96 %。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 2 0例 ,少量残余分流 2例 ,微量残余分流 3例 ,均在 1天至 3个月内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 1例 ,但无心肌受损表现 ,余无其他严重并发症发生。 1例嵴内型VSD由于距主动脉瓣较近 ,封堵未成功。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects

Although effective, transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, MN) carries a substantial risk of complete heart block, prompting many to abandon this intervention. A newly designed Amplatzer device for pmVSD was modified, in part, to minimize this risk. After rigorous preclinical testing, we report the first human experience with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder 2 (AGA Medical Corporation) in two patients (a 5‐year old with a 12‐mm pmVSD and a 26‐year‐old male with a 8‐mm defect). Both procedures were successful, with no adverse events at 7 and 4 weeks of follow‐up, respectively. Herein, we discuss characteristics of the new device, potential advantages compared to the prior version, and main technical aspects related to the procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transcatheter closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect-preclinical trial of a new Amplatzer device

Objectives : This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new nitinol device for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a swine model. Background : Perimembranous ventricular septal defect occurs in 80% of patients requiring treatment for congenital heart disease. Methods : The Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal occluder device (pmVSO2 device, AGA Medical Company, Plymouth MN) is a new transcatheter Nitinol device containing polyester fabric designed to close the perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). The device has 75% reduction in radial force, 45% reduction in clamping force, and increased stability as compared to the previous version. The device was implanted in six swine with naturally occurring perimembranous VSD with immediate, 1, 7, ～30, and ～90 day followup by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Results : The device was successfully implanted in all animals and was retrievable and repositionable. There was complete occlusion of the VSD in five of six cases without embolization. There was no thrombus formation on the device or occurrence of complete heart block. A single instance of a tiny residual shunt was attributed to capture of tricuspid valve apparatus. Conclusions : The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer pmVSO2 device. Human trials are planned. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Catheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects using the new Amplatzer membranous VSD occluder: initial clinical experience.

The surgical closure of membranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is associated with morbidity and low mortality. Six patients with VSDs located in the membranous part of the ventricular septum underwent an attempt of catheter closure using a new device specifically designed for the membranous septum. Patients ranged in age from 3.5 to 19 years (median, 10.5 years) and in weight from 15 to 45 kg (median, 29 kg). One patient with associated pulmonary valve stenosis had shortness of breath. The median Qp/Qs ratio was 1.6 (range, 1.1-3) and the median left ventricle end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was 44 mm (range, 38-52 mm). The devices were deployed via the femoral vein using 7-8 Fr sheaths. There was immediate complete closure in all patients. One patient developed trivial aortic regurgitation. There were no other complications. The median fluoroscopy time was 15.5 min (range, 10.3-53.4 min). At 24 hr, all patients were doing well. The median LVEDD decreased to 38 mm (range, 34-47 mm). One patient continued to have trace aortic regurgitation. All patients were discharged home after 24 hr. Transcatheter occlusion of membranous VSDs is safe and effective. Further clinical trials are underway to assess the long-term safety and results.     

介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损后早期的心律失常

目的探讨介入治疗膜周部室间隔缺损后早期心律失常的特点。方法回顾性分析膜周部室间隔缺损273例心电图资料，了解介入封堵术后早期发生的各种类型心律失常。分析封堵器类型、缺损大小及有无膜部瘤对心律失常发生的影响。结果心律失常发生率33．0％（90／273），其中传导阻滞占68．9％（62／90）。国产和进口封堵器组的心律失常差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；室间隔缺损小于5mm组和不小于5mm组的心律失常发生率分别为25．8％、49．4％（P〈0．05）。结论膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗后早期心律失常发生率较高，以传导阻滞为主。室间隔缺损大小和有无膜部瘤是影响术后早期心律失常的重要因素。     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in children: Safety and efficiency with symmetric and asymmetric occluders

Objectives : This study was designed to determine the safety and efficiency of asymmetric and symmetric ventricular septal occluders (AVSDOs and SVSDOs, respectively) for closure perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) in children. Methods : Between January 2003 and December 2007, 142 children with PMVSD were treated with occluders (64 with AVSDOs and 78 with SVSDOs). Results : The defect diameter was 5.3 ± 1.1 mm in the AVSDO group and 5.4 ± 1.3 mm in the SVSDO group (P > 0.05). The success rates were similar between two groups [93.8% (AVSDO) vs. 94.9% (SVSDO), P > 0.05]. Two patients in the AVSDO group were switched to the SVSDO group due to residual shunts, and one patient in the SVSDO group was switched due to aortic regurgitation after deployment of the occluder. After procedure, 17 patients [seven with AVSDOs and nine with SVSDOs (P > 0.05)] developed various types of heart block (HB). Among them, 13 patients converted to the normal sinus rhythm. The remaining four cases had not recovered at the end of the study. Conclusions : Transcatheter closure of PMVSD using both AVSDO and SVSDO was safe and effective. Development of HB was the main complication for both devices. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous and intracristal ventricular septal defects with the SHSMA occluder

Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) and intracristal VSD (icVSD) using the Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy (SHSMA) pmVSD occluder. Background : There is still limited experience with transcatheter closure of pmVSD and icVSD. Methods : Between January 2003 and September 2010, 348 patients with pmVSD and 47 patients with icVSD underwent transcatheter closure using a SHSMA pmVSD occluder. Results : The total successful closure rate in pmVSD and icVSD subjects was 97.4 and 78.7%, respectively. During the perioperative period, no death, major bleeding or hemolysis occurred in both groups. In pmVSD group, one case of occluder dislodgement, one case of pericardial tamponade, and two cases of thromboembolism occurred. None in icVSD group had these complications. During a median of 3.2 years of follow‐up, there was no evidence of significant residual shunt and device‐related valve regurgitation. None in icVSD group and 10 patients (2.9%) in pmVSD group had a persistent arrhythmia. Overall, only one patient (0.3%) with pmVSD acquired complete atrioventricular block requiring implantation of a permanent pacemaker. The rim from the tricuspid valve to the defect < 4 mm was the only predictor of arrhythmic complications after procedure (OR = 4.24; P = 0.021). Conclusions : Transcatheter closure of pmVSD in selected patients using the SHSMA occluder is effective and safe. Transcatheter closure of icVSD in experienced hands using this device is also feasible and safe. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.