侧脑室肿瘤42例临床分析

目的 探讨侧脑室肿瘤的临床特点、手术入路的选择和术后并发症的处理,为侧脑室肿瘤的诊治提供帮助。方法 回顾性分析皖南医学院弋矶山医院神经外科2013年1月—2018年10月收治的42例侧脑室肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中经胼胝体前入路手术18例,经顶叶皮质入路16例,经额叶皮质入路4例,经颞叶皮质入路4例。结果 本组患者中,肿瘤全切除者34例,次全切除6例,部分切除2例。术后出现颅内感染者4例、术区出血3例、继发性脑积水4例、视野变窄2例、短暂性失语1例、癫痫发作3例、偏瘫2例,经治疗后均有不同程度的好转。患者术后3个月的格拉斯哥预后量表(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)评分,5分者35例、4分5例、3分2例,无死亡病例。结论 侧脑室肿瘤常需外科手术干预,根据肿瘤的位置、大小、血供以及是否合并脑积水选择适当的手术入路;显微手术技巧的提升有助于减少患者术后的并发症。     

颅咽管瘤的显微手术入路选择

目的探讨颅咽管瘤的显微手术入路选择。方法回顾性分析116例颅咽管瘤的临床资料。显微手术采用改良翼点入路93例,经鼻蝶入路8例,经纵裂-胼胝体-穹隆间入路4例,经皮质侧脑室入路3例,额下入路3例,颞下入路2例,额下+改良翼点联合入路2例,双侧额下入路1例。结果肿瘤全切除76例,次全切除30例,大部分切除10例。随访81例,时间1～60个月,平均42.3个月。GOS5分68例,4分5例,3分5例,1分3例。肿瘤复发18例。结论显微手术全切颅咽管瘤效果良好,改良翼点入路适用于大多数病人,充分利用颈内动脉分叉间隙有利于全切除肿瘤。应根据肿瘤的位置、大小及病人一般情况选择合理的手术入路。     

侧脑室肿瘤的显微手术治疗策略

目的探讨侧脑室肿瘤不同显微手术入路的应用及手术治疗策略。方法回顾性分析武汉协和医院神经外科于2006年3月~2013年4月行显微手术治疗的42例患者的临床资料,包括手术入路、结果及预后情况等。42例患者年龄1.25~67岁,平均35.8岁。所有患者均行显微手术治疗,其中7例经额中回、2例经纵裂-胼胝体前、18例经顶上小叶、15例经颞叶皮质入路手术。结果本组28例(66.7%)全切除,11例(26.2%)次全切除,3例(7.1%)大部分切除。术后死亡2例(4.8%)。随访38例患者,随访时间39~97月,平均70月。格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)1分8例,3分2例,4分3例,5分25例。结论侧脑室肿瘤位置深在,局部解剖关系复杂,需综合考虑肿瘤位置、大小、生长方向等因素以确定手术入路。采用合适的手术入路及熟练的显微手术技巧,可以使大部分侧脑室肿瘤患者获得较好的疗效。     

侧脑室肿瘤手术安全性探讨

目的探讨如何提高侧脑室肿瘤手术的全切率和安全性。方法回顾性分析19例显微手术切除的侧脑室肿瘤的临床资料,根据肿瘤生长部位和大小采取不同入路手术切除。经胼胝体前入路手术10例,经额中回-侧脑室入路手术5例,经颞顶皮层-三角区入路手术3例,经颞中后回部皮层入路手术1例。并结合文献加以讨论。结果肿瘤全切13例,次全切4例,部分切除2例。术后临床症状改善17例,死亡2例。1例死于术后出血,1例因损伤大脑大静脉,术后昏迷高热,2d后死亡。结论术前对影像学临床资料的详细分析,根据侧脑室肿瘤不同的起源位置和生长方式采取最佳的手术入路,术中神经导航的辅助和娴熟的显微手术技术的应用,术后并发症的积极控制可以大大提高侧脑室肿瘤手术的安全性。     

侧脑室肿瘤的显微手术治疗

目的分析侧脑室肿瘤的手术方式和临床效果。方法回顾性分析89例病人的临床特点和预后。其中行颢枕经皮质入路45例，经额皮质人路34例，经额胼胝体人路8例，经额纵裂人路1例，经颢人路1例。结果全切除63例．近全切除22例．大部分切除3例，活检1例。术后恢复良好79例，偏瘫7例，死亡3例。结论选择合适的手术人路，有助于改善侧脑室肿瘤病人的预后。     

经额底纵裂终板入路切除鞍后、鞍上区及第三脑室前部肿瘤

目的总结经额底纵裂终板入路切除鞍后、鞍上区及第三脑室前部肿瘤的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析32例鞍后、鞍上区及第三脑室前部肿瘤病人的临床资料,其中颅咽管瘤28例,生殖细胞瘤1例,垂体瘤3例。均经额底纵裂终板入路切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除21例,次全切除6例,大部分切除5例;双侧嗅神经均保留29例,垂体柄保留24例。随访30例,时间2个月～2年,仅2例肿瘤大部分切除病人复发再次手术。结论经额底纵裂终板入路适合于切除向鞍后、鞍上区及第三脑室前部生长的肿瘤,术野显露充分,便于保留下丘脑、垂体柄等重要结构,肿瘤全切率高,并发症少,疗效好。     

经额中回-侧脑室-脉络裂入路显微手术切除第三脑室前部肿瘤

目的介绍并探讨一种切除第三脑室前部病变的显微手术入路。方法经额中回-侧脑室-脉络裂入路手术切除第三脑室前部肿瘤10例。结果显微镜下全切除8例,近全切除2例;死亡1例。结论该入路利用脑室的自然裂隙到达第三脑室,几乎不损伤正常脑组织和血管结构,具有手术损伤小,术野暴露清楚等优点,是切除第三脑室前部肿瘤的优选入路之一。     

侧脑室肿瘤切除的入路选择及显微手术技术

目的探讨侧脑室肿瘤切除的手术入路及显微外科技术。方法对33例侧脑室肿瘤病例,7例经额叶皮质、4例经纵裂胼胝体、15例经顶枕叶皮质、7例经颞叶皮质入路,应用显微技术行肿瘤切除,并对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果肿瘤全切20例,大部分切除7例,部分切除6例。其中脑膜瘤16例,室管膜瘤10例,星形细胞瘤5例,脉络丛乳头状瘤2例。术后出现脑积水4例,肢体轻瘫4例,偏盲2例,远隔部位血肿1例,癫痫1例。随访时间4个月~6年,平均3.7年。18例术后恢复良好并参加工作,9例术后状况基本同术前（生活可自理）,不能生活自理2例,2例星形细胞瘤病人1年后肿瘤复发死亡,失访2例。结论采用显微神经外科技术,选择不同的手术入路切除侧脑室肿瘤可取得良好的临床效果。     

丘脑肿瘤的临床手术治疗

目的探讨丘脑肿瘤的临床手术治疗。方法回顾性分析20例丘脑肿瘤病人的临床资料,均行显微手术切除,其中经皮质侧脑室入路9例,经纵裂胼胝体入路4例,经外侧裂岛叶入路4例,经顶间沟入路3例。观察术后临床症状及神经功能改善情况。结果肿瘤全切除7例,次全切除8例,部分切除5例,无手术死亡病例。术后短期内病人临床症状和神经功能改善14例,无明显变化4例,加重2例。出院时KPS评分:90~100分9例,60~80分6例,30~50分3例,10~20分2例。结论对于丘脑肿瘤显微手术治疗,个性化选择入路、掌握手术要点及方法是提高肿瘤切除程度、减少术后并发症的前提和基础,是提高术后病人生活质量的关键。     

不同手术入路切除侧脑室肿瘤

目的总结侧脑室肿瘤的临床表观及常见的手术入路。方法采用不同手术入路显微手术切除侧脑室肿瘤22例。结果采用经顶枕、颞枕皮质入路或经胼胝体入路，经颞中同皮质入路等手术入路切除22例侧脑室肿瘤。肿瘤全切除12例，其中有1例因术后癫痫大发作死亡；次全切除8例；部分切除2例。结论侧脑室肿瘤手术入路的选择应考虑肿瘤的大小、位置、血供以及是否合并脑积水等；根据具体情况，选择适当的手术方案。     

Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle

Ten patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) predominantly involving the lateral ventricle were operated upon. All the AVM's were not large, less than 2 cm in diameter. Four AVM's were located in the head of the caudate nucleus; 3 were resected through frontal transcortical (transventricular) approach and 1 was excised through anterior transcallosal approach. Two of the former and the latter gave excellent results. Two AVM's located in the temporal horn and trigon in the dominant hemisphere were excised by middle temporal gyrus approach with excellent results. Four AVM's on the dorsal aspect of the thalamus were removed through posterior transcallosal approach with excellent results in 2 and good ones in 1. The brain incision should be as small as possible to enter the lateral ventricle. Position of the patients is also very important. Exposure to excise the AVM's predominantly located in the lateral ventricle is briefly discussed.     

经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除第三脑室肿瘤

目的 探讨经胼胝体-穹隆间入路显微手术切除第三脑室肿瘤的经验.方法 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除第三脑室肿瘤24例,其中第三脑室前部肿瘤10例,中部12例,后部2例.结果 肿瘤全切20例,近全切除3例,大部分切除1例.病理结果示:颅咽管瘤9例,胶样囊肿7例,星形细胞瘤4例,室管膜瘤2例,胶质母细胞瘤1例,畸胎瘤1例.术后并发症:近记忆力障碍6例,2个月内均有所恢复;短暂性尿崩5例,治疗1～2周后恢复;缄默症2例,1个月内恢复;脑积水4例,其中3例行脑室-腹腔分流术后恢复良好,另1例术前昏迷者,术后意识状态无改善,放弃治疗.结论 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除第三脑室前、中部肿瘤是较理想的手术入路,肿瘤切除率高,病人术后合并症少、病死率低.     

第三脑室手术入路临床应用的对比研究

目的 比较几种常用的第三脑室手术入路临床应用效果,探讨切除第三脑室肿瘤适宜的手术入路.方法 采用经额叶皮质-侧脑室入路、经终板入路、幕下小脑上入路切除第三脑室肿瘤35例(前期组);采用经胼胝体-穹隆间入路切除第三脑室肿瘤21例(后期组),两组均在显微镜下切除肿瘤,观察比较手术效果.结果 前期组肿瘤全切除16例,次全切除6例,部分切除13例;后期组肿瘤全切除11例,次全切除8例,部分切除2例.两组全切除和次全切除率差异有统计学意义.后期组术后并发症发生率明显少于前期组.结论 经胼胝体-穹隆间入路路径直接,术野暴露清楚,较易切除肿瘤,术后并发症少,是切除位于第三脑室中、后部肿瘤可选择的手术入路.     

侧脑室内肿瘤显微外科治疗:29例报告

目的探讨按肿瘤起源决定侧脑室内肿瘤手术入路的经验。方法回顾性分析自2002年1月至2009年1月在我院接受手术治疗的29例侧脑室内肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中15例采用经皮层入路,14例采用经纵裂入路。结果 23例肿瘤全切除,6例次全切除。病理证实良性肿瘤14例,低级别胶质瘤8例,高级别胶质瘤5例,恶性肿瘤2例。经皮层入路组患者术后癫痫发病率明显高于经纵裂入路组。平均随访时间为18.5个月,58.62%恢复良好。结论经纵裂胼胝体入路是治疗侧脑室内肿瘤较理想的手术入路,但对于肿瘤较大或肿瘤向脑实质延伸者或继发性脑室内肿瘤经皮层入路是较好的选择。肿瘤应争取全切,但不可强求全切,残留部分可进行放疗和(或)化疗。     

经前纵裂胼胝体入路切除第三脑室前、中、后部肿瘤简

目的探讨经前纵裂胼胝体入路切除第三脑室前、中、后部肿瘤的可行性和优势。方法回顾性分析153例第三脑室肿瘤病人的临床资料。病人均经前纵裂胼胝体人路行显微手术,术中行第三脑室底造瘘。术前MRI示肿瘤位于第三脑室前部68例（44．4％）,第三脑室中部36例（23．5％）,第三脑室后部49例（32．0％）。结果术后MRI证实手术全切123例（80．4％）．大部切除26例（17．0％）,部分切除4例（2．6％）。术后并发症：神经功能障碍45例（29．4％）,脑室内出血13例（8．5％）,癫痫15例（9．8％）,脑积水14例（9．2％）。随访153例,时间3个月一5年。死亡15例,肿瘤复发或进展55例,其中2l例再次手术。结论经前纵裂胼胝体入路对第三脑室前、中、后部肿瘤暴露良好,可直视下切除肿瘤,手术全切率高。联合术中第三脑室底造瘘．术后并发症少。     

Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle

Ten patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) predominantly involving the lateral ventricle were operated upon. All the AVM's were not large, less than 2 cm in diameter. Four AVM's were located in the head of the caudate nucleus; 3 were resected through frontal trans-cortical (transventricular) approach and 1 was excised through anterior transcallosal approach. Two of the former and the latter gave excellent results. Two AVM's located in the temporal horn and trigon in the dominant hemisphere were excised by middle temporal gyrus approach with excellent results. Four AVM's on the dorsal aspect of the thalamus were removed through posterior transcallosal approach with excellent results in 2 and good ones in 1. The brain incision should be as small as possible to enter the lateral ventricle. Position of the patients is also very important. Exposure to excise the AVM's predominantly located in the lateral ventricle is briefly discussed.     

Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma in an Adult

We present an extremely rare case of the atypical choroid plexus papilloma in an adult which developed at the trigone of right lateral ventricle. A 62-year-old woman presented with the history of intermittent and gradually progressive headache and left side hemiparesis for 6 months. The brain magnetic resonance image showed highly enhanced and well demarcated mass at the trigone of lateral ventricle attached to the choroid plexus. Gross total resection was performed by transcortical approach via the middle temporal gyrus. The tumor was diagnosed as an atypical choroid plexus papilloma. She had no neurologic deficit after the surgery. We report a case of atypical choroid plexus papilloma in adult and introduce newly classified pathologic characteristics of this tumor.     

经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除儿童第三脑室肿瘤

目的 介绍并探讨一种切除三脑室肿瘤的手术入路。方法 经胼胝体－穹窿间和切除三脑室肿瘤９１例。结果 显微镜下全切除４１例,近全切除４１例,大部切除９例,死亡１例。结论 该手术入路可以切除三脑室前、中、后部的肿瘤,术野显露清楚,不易造成穹窿、后脑、大脑内静脉、丘纹静脉的损伤,减少了术后并发症的发生。     

Surgical approaches to meningiomas of the lateral ventricles

Background

Intraventricular meningiomas account for 0.5–3% of all intracranial meningiomas. The majority occur in the atrium of the lateral ventricle. Surgical experience with intraventricular meningiomas is rare in the literature, and several surgical approaches exist.

Methods

Between 1987 and 2007, 13 patients underwent resection of intraventricular meningiomas. All patients had tumors of the lateral ventricles. These patients were retrospectively identified and their records reviewed.

Results

Eleven tumors were found in the atrium, one in the frontal horn, and one in the body of the lateral ventricle. In 9 of 13 cases, the tumor occurred in the left lateral ventricle. Patients commonly presented with headache and cognitive difficulties. A visual field deficit was noted preoperatively in one patient. Four patients underwent preoperative angiography, but no patients underwent embolization. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases: 6 via a middle temporal gyrus approach, 5 via a superior parietal lobule approach, and 2 via a transcallosal approach. Image-guided stereotaxis was used in 6 cases. Pathology was benign in 12 of 13 cases; atypical features were identified in one case. There was no operative mortality, and no patients showed evidence of recurrence. Postoperatively, 3 patients developed new cognitive-linguistic deficits that subsequently resolved. One of these patients developed a new visual field deficit after surgery.

Conclusions

Several approaches are available for the surgical treatment of intraventricular meningiomas. Tumor location, extension, and laterality drive the selection algorithm for these approaches. Preoperative angiography is rarely useful, and surgical cure is the rule.