原发性肝癌伴门脉癌栓以放疗为基础的综合治疗进展

原发性肝癌是中国第四常见恶性肿瘤,死亡率位居第二,其中伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌预后很差。目前针对伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌出现了很多治疗手段,如手术、放疗、靶向治疗等,本文对伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌的治疗进行梳理,着重总结以放疗为基础的综合治疗的作用和应用前景。     

原发性肝癌伴门脉癌栓以放疗为基础的综合治疗进展北大核心CSCD

原发性肝癌是中国第四常见恶性肿瘤,死亡率位居第二,其中伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌预后很差。目前针对伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌出现了很多治疗手段,如手术、放疗、靶向治疗等,本文对伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌的治疗进行梳理,着重总结以放疗为基础的综合治疗的作用和应用前景。     

原发性肝癌并门静脉癌栓的临床治疗进展

肝癌患者的治疗效果不佳,生存期不长。合并癌栓是进行肝癌临床分期、选择治疗方法、评估预后等方面的重要参考指标。原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗方法众多,主要包括外科手术、介入治疗、放射治疗、分子靶向治疗及系统化疗等。目前多学科治疗（MDT）开展综合治疗是趋势,也是提高疗效的途径及发展方向。最近,国内首个肝癌门静脉癌栓多学科诊治达成中国专家共识,将为肝癌门静脉癌栓患者的诊断治疗提供指导性意见推动我国肝癌诊治水平的不断提高。     

肝细胞肝癌伴门静脉/下腔静脉癌栓接受与不接受放射治疗的比较

目的探讨肝细胞肝癌患者伴门静脉和或下腔静脉癌栓接受外放射治疗的疗效。方法回顾总结近8年180例原发性肝细胞肝癌伴门静脉和或下腔静脉癌栓患者,其中66例接受直线加速器外放疗作为放疗组,114例未接受外放疗作为对照组,放疗组与对照组间影响患者的主要预后因素除肿瘤标志物有差别外,其他因素无明显差别。放疗组放疗方法为常规分割,局部放疗癌栓,放射治疗剂量介于36～60Gy(中位50Gy)。放射治疗中及治疗后随访肝功能、影像学检查和生存情况。应用Cox回归模型,多因素分析比较两组的生存期。结果66例癌栓患者接受外放射治疗,22例(33.3%)患者癌栓完全缓解,16例(24.2%)部分缓解,26例(39.4%)稳定,2例(3.1%)进展;1年生存率27.9%,中位生存期7.3个月。对照组1年生存率为12.3%,中位生存期为4个月。多因素回归分析显示,外放射治疗显示出很强的保护因素(RR=0.408,P<0.001)。放疗组病人生存情况与甲胎蛋白水平无关;但与γ-GT水平、肝内病灶单多发、癌栓存在的部位有关。死亡原因多为肝内肿瘤未控制导致肝衰。对照组下腔静脉系统癌栓患者生存情况比门静脉癌栓患者差,相反,放疗组下腔静脉癌栓患者的生存情况好于门静脉癌栓患者。结论结合外放射治疗可明显延长肝细胞肝癌伴有门静脉和或下腔静脉癌栓患者的生存期,肝内原发肿瘤灶为单发的癌栓患者,放射治疗更能延长其生存期。     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗进展

门静脉癌栓是原发性肝癌常见的表现之一,门静脉癌栓不仅导致肿瘤细胞在肝内播散和转移,且加重患者门静脉压力,常诱发上消化道大出血、肝功能衰竭等并发症,严重影响到肝癌患者的预后.近年来,虽然手术治疗、介入治疗、放疗、局部消融治疗、靶向治疗等在门静脉癌栓方面均有发展,但单模式治疗效果仍不理想,门静脉癌栓仍然是临床治疗的难点之一.全文就近些年来关于原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗新进展作一综述.     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗进展

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的预后较差,严重危害患者的生命健康.目前应用较为广泛的肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗方法有外科手术、靶向治疗、局部化疗、放疗等,但治疗效果仍不理想.本文通过对近年来肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗进展进行总结,期望为临床治疗的选择和进一步研究提供参考依据.     

肝细胞肝癌并门脉癌栓的CT灌注成像及治疗方法概述

合并门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌患者容易加剧肝功能的恶化导致肝内及远处的转移,对其治疗是难点,而且该类患者往往预后较差。门静脉癌栓的临床发生率高,主要治疗方式包括外科手术治疗、介入治疗及内科治疗。在有关门静脉癌栓的诸多问题中,明确其血供来源,对于外科、介入及影像学有着重要意义。随着影像学的进步,利用CT灌注成像及能谱成像的多参数特点,有希望定量评估分析癌栓的动静脉血流来源及比例,从而指导有效的治疗方式的展开。该文对肝细胞肝癌并门静脉癌栓的CT灌注成像及治疗方法做一概述,旨在为改善晚期肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者预后提供理论依据。     

原发性肝癌手术联合放疗的近期研究进展

手术是原发性肝癌的主要根治性治疗手段,而术后复发率高是影响其疗效的主要因素。随着医学技术的发展,放疗对于肝癌治疗的安全性和有效性已得到广泛证实。本文从肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的术前及术后放疗、窄切缘术后的辅助放疗、微血管侵犯术后的辅助放疗、肝移植手术前的桥接放疗、局限于肝内初始不可切除肝癌的转化性降期放疗方面,探讨肝癌手术前...     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓外放射的近期疗效

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓外放射的近期疗效林钧华，徐益语，黄雅芳，陈敏，王柏华原发性肝癌伴有门静脉癌栓被认为是肝癌预后不良的标志，除外科手术外［１］，尚缺少有效的治疗手段，结合我院对伴有门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌进行外放射的体会，将其近期疗效加以分析讨论。...     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓介入治疗联合三维适形放疗的疗效观察

目的 观察肝癌合并门静脉癌栓介入治疗联合三维适形放疗的疗效.方法 选取27例肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者,其中22例单发病灶,最大病灶为5~10 cm,5例为肝内弥漫病灶,对27例不能手术的肝癌患者同时进行介入治疗联合三维适形放疗,治疗后密切随访并观察疗效.结果 27例患者治疗后3个月有效率为92.5%(25/27).1、2 a生存率分别为70.2%、59.3%,中位生存时间为15.0个月.结论 介入治疗联合三维适形放疗是一种安全有效的治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的方法,且疗效优于单纯介入治疗及单纯三维适形放疗.     

Multidisciplinary treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis and adrenal/lung metastases

The patient was a 73-year-old male who was identified with an increase of serum PIVKA-II during a treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of 60 mm in diameter with satellite nodules was diagnosed in segment 8 of the liver. In addition, portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) of the right branch (Vp3) and metastases to bilateral lung and right adrenal gland were recognized. He received serial treatments with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiation therapy and hepatic arterial chemotherapy with reservoir for primary liver tumor and PVTT. Soon after the treatments, PVTT was reduced in size and the serum level of PIVKA-II was decreased to 57 mAU/ml. After three months, the level of PIVKA-II had increased again and the size of the right adrenal metastasis grew to 50 mm in diameter. He received TACE to the right adrenal metastasis and percutaneous transhepatic portal chemoembolization to prevent further growth of PVTT. In spite of several treatments, the therapeutic effect was insufficient. Therefore, we performed right adrenalectomy and radio-frequency ablation of HCC in the liver S8. After the surgery, he received two times of TACE and the viable tumor had disappeared on CT and MRI. Prognosis of HCC with PVTT and distant metastasis is very poor. The two-year survival rate is less than 10%. However, it is possible to improve the prognosis of advanced HCC by multidisciplinary treatment with surgical intervention, local chemotherapy and radiation therapy.     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗

 原发性肝癌(HCC）合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)是肝癌治疗的难点之一。目前临床上对HCC合并PVTT有多种治疗方法,对延长肝癌患者的生存时间和提高生存质量都具有重要意义,手术治疗和介入治疗在其中发挥着重要的作用。     

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗进展

肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）是中国常见恶性肿瘤,其死亡率居恶性肿瘤前列。门静脉癌栓（portal vein tumor thrombosis,PVTT）是HCC常见的临床表现和重要的预后不良因素,HCC合并门静脉癌栓患者的肝功能及体能状态、肿瘤是否可切除、PVTT分型以及有无远处转移是制订治疗决策的重要考虑因素。国内指南和专家共识对部分HCC合并PVTT患者推荐外科手术,而其他多数患者则主要接受系统治疗、介入、放疗等姑息治疗。近年,针对HCC合并PVTT,在可手术切除患者的围手术期治疗、不可切除患者的姑息治疗以及转化治疗方面开展了较多的临床研究和探索,HCC多学科诊疗模式也在临床中提倡并推广。本文回顾了近年HCC合并PVTT的相关文献,就其进展进行综述。      

Report from the Radiation Oncology Committee of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG): Research Objectives Workshop 2003

To achieve the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, which is 100% cancer control with negligible toxicity, the therapeutic window must be enlarged, allowing for higher doses of beneficial treatments with reduced toxicity. The advent of image- and metabolism-guided therapy offers the best opportunity to date for combining modern radiation targeting and imaging techniques. Indeed, for the first time, it is reasonable to locally target metastatic disease with the goal of sterilization. Combining these focal radiation techniques with novel targeted antiproliferative agents and full-dose classic cytotoxic chemotherapy will become more effective as we learn to use these compounds in a less systemically toxic manner and as radiation fields become more defined. In addition, increasing numbers of biologic modifiers of normal tissue response are becoming available, and they suggest great promise for decreasing the normal tissue toxicity resulting from both radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Thus, radiation metastectomy for gross metastases, used together with systemic control of micrometastatic disease, may yield improved survival rates. This hypothesis is ready for testing in cancers of the breast, prostate, colon, and in sarcomas. Enlarging the therapeutic window is a major goal that would allow for an increasingly favorable therapeutic gain.     

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓外科治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）外科治疗的效果。方法对156例肝细胞癌合并门静脉主干或第一分支癌栓的患者,均行肝癌联同门静脉癌栓切除或取栓,其中94例患者术后行肝动脉和（或）门静脉化疗。结果术后3例死于肝功能衰竭,2例死于术后并发症,余术后恢复良好,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为58．1％（86/148）、18．9％（28／148）、5．4％（8／148）。结论肝切除和门静脉切开取栓术是肝细胞癌合并PVTT的有效治疗方法,术后联合肝动脉和（或）门静脉化疗能提高治疗效果,延长患者的生存期。     

Body Image: a Critical Psychosocial Issue for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

There is substantial and growing interest in the use of local therapies to treat patients with metastatic cancer, especially those deemed to have “oligometastatic” disease. Much of the literature to date consists of reports on metastasectomy for liver and lung metastases. Non-surgical minimally or non-invasive treatments including thermal ablation, irreversible electroporation, and high-dose radiation therapy (stereotactic ablative radiation therapy) can also be used in the treatment of primary and secondary tumors, including in the treatment of liver metastases. In this review, we discuss the rationale for using these ablative treatments in the treatment of liver metastases including similarities and differences between them.     

Treatment of stage IB2 (bulky) cervical carcinoma

Tumour size is an important prognostic factor in patients with stage IB cervical cancer. The patient with stage IB2 (bulky) cervical cancer represents a therapeutic challenge. Neither radical hysterectomy nor primary radiation therapy are sufficiently effective and are associated with significant treatment-related complications including ovarian failure and psychosexual deficits. A number of phase III studies have explored alternative management approaches in this patient population. It appears that extrafascial hysterectomy following radiation therapy does not improve overall survival relative to radiation therapy alone. Consistent with results seen in locally advanced cervical carcinoma, chemoradiation therapy is superior to radiation therapy alone as primary treatment for stage IB2 cervical cancer and as adjuvant therapy for surgically treated patients with high-risk factors for recurrence. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has resulted in high clinical response rates and operability rates. There are two phase III trials suggesting an improvement in survival with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy versus either surgery (and selected postoperative radiation) or radiation therapy alone. These emerging treatments should be scrutinized in prospective controlled trials.     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗晚期肝细胞癌的机制及研究进展

原发性肝癌起病隐匿,恶性程度高,易发生进展及转移,往往发现疾病时已是肝癌中晚期。较长一段时间内,对于肝癌的主要治疗手段包括手术、放化疗、介入治疗及靶向治疗。但传统治疗方法疗效有限,近年来,随着对原发性肝癌的免疫系统研究逐步深入,免疫治疗已然成为一种新兴的治疗手段,其中以程序性死亡蛋白-1（PD-1）/程序性死亡蛋白配体-1（PD-L1）为靶点的免疫疗法在非小细胞肺癌及肾细胞癌的临床应用中取得了明显疗效。因此,许多研究者开始进一步探索PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在肝癌中的治疗效果。本文将对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗肝癌的机制及现阶段国内外多项免疫治疗取得的成效作一综述。     

86例原发性肝癌三维适形放疗的临床观察

目的分析三维适形放疗（3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT）在原发性肝癌治疗中的效果和放射损伤情况。方法接受3DCRT的86例原发性肝癌中,男51例,女35例,中位年龄47岁。合并门脉癌栓（PVTT）26例,无PVTT60例。根据肝硬化Child-Pugh分级,A级63例,B级23例,每次分割剂量6～7Gy,照射次数7～15次,肿瘤剂量38～74Gy,隔日1次。结果 3例患者3DCRT后3个月内死亡,诊断为放射性肝病。总有效率（CR＋PR）为62.8%（54/86）,1,2,3年生存率分别为68.4%、42.7%和28.3%。PVTT、PTV、TACE、Child-Pugh分级对预后的影响有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。放射性肝损伤5例,食欲不振、恶心6例,上消化道出血2例,疲乏无力16例。结论 3DCRT治疗原发性肝癌有很好的疗效,放射损伤在可接受范围内。