食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘患者行覆膜内支架置入术的临床效果观察

目的:回顾性分析和评价食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘患者行覆膜内支架置入术的临床效果。方法:对26例食管癌放疗后并发狭窄及食管气管瘘患者,在数字减影血管造影技术支持下行覆膜食管内金属支架置入术,充分做围术期的专科护理和治疗,观察患者行介入治疗前后的症状变化和不良反应。结果:26例患者均一次性顺利置入覆膜内金属支架,呛咳、进食困难等症状明显改善,有效地预防和控制了呼吸道炎症。术后1周有效率100%,明显改善了患者的生活质量。结论 :采用覆膜内支架置入治疗食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘效果确切,安全性高,能够改善患者的预后和生存质量。     

食管良恶性狭窄支架成形术的临床作用

目的 探讨镍钛记忆合金支架在食管癌性梗阻、食管吻合口狭窄、吻合口瘘、贲门失弛缓症中的临床应用价值。方法 对22例食管良恶性狭窄,采用X线电视定位,经口插管技术,将金属支架准确送入狭窄段,支架膨开后,重新建立食物通道。结果 置管后,吞咽困难程度由术前平均3．1级改善为1．2级。2例吻合口瘘,1例食管气管瘘得到封堵。随访1～12个月,3例死于肿瘤恶液质。1例死于消化道大出血,其余18例尚在随访中。结论 食管支架成形术是治疗食管良恶性狭窄、吻合口瘘可选择方法之一,对提高患生活质量,延长生命发挥着重要作用。     

CZES型食管支架202例临床应用

我们用ＣＺＥＳ型食管支架 (西格玛医用实业有限公司生产 )治疗各种食管 (吻合口 )狭窄、瘘 (漏 )等 ,取得显著疗效 ,现报告如下。资料和方法　 2 0 2例中男 111例 ,女 91例 ;年龄 2 3～ 82岁。包括 1995年 8月至 1999年 7月我们治疗的食管癌术后吻合口狭窄 40例 (本院术后吻合口狭窄率 37/6 19例 ,6 % ,放置支架 2 1例 ;外院转来 19例 )、吻合口瘘 6例 (本院术后吻合口瘘发生率 9/6 19例 ,1 45 % ,均未放支架 ;外院转来 6例 )、吻合口癌复发 2 3例 (本院术后吻合口癌复发率 16 /6 19例 ,2 5 8% ,均放支架 ;外院转来 7例 )、食管癌性狭窄 7…     

金属支架治疗食管狭窄的价值

目的　评价金属支架治疗食管良、恶性狭窄的价值。方法　采用镍钛合金 (不带膜 )和317L合金 (带膜 )支架治疗食管狭窄 2 7例 (4例食管胃吻合口狭窄、2 3例恶性狭窄 ) ,包括 5例食管呼吸道瘘。置放支架方法为先经胃镜行食管扩张 ,再于X线下置管的二部法。吞咽状况用Neuhaus分级评估。结果　病人术后吞咽分级降低 2个等级。狭窄部直径由 (3 16± 1 83)mm扩张至 (14 6 2± 3 12 )mm(P <0 0 1)。带膜金属支架可使瘘口完全封闭。术后近、远期并发症发生率为 40 7% (11/ 2 7) ,依次为支架移位 3例、出血 3例、剧烈疼痛 2例、再狭窄 3例。结论　金属支架治疗食管恶性狭窄是有效的姑息方法 ,带膜支架治疗食管呼吸道瘘相当有效     

可回收覆膜食管支架在食管瘘中的应用体会

目的各种原因导致的食管瘘的临床治疗较为棘手,本研究旨在探讨可回收覆膜食管支架封堵瘘口的疗效和安全性。方法 2008年1月至2012年3月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胸外科共收治食管瘘患者47例,其中食管气管瘘23例,食管癌、贲门癌术后吻合口瘘11例,自发性食管破裂9例,食管肺瘘2例,食管纵隔瘘2例。于胃镜下置入可回收覆膜食管支架45例,并观察疗效。结果所有食管支架均一次性成功置入,无严重并发症发生。35例达到完全封堵,10例达到部分封堵。1个月内有3例支架出现不同程度移位,1例脱落至胃内,1例脱落至肠腔内。治疗时间5~85 d,平均治疗时间34 d。结论可回收覆膜食管支架能有效封堵食管瘘口,延长患者生命和提高生活质量。     

食管癌切除术后食管-胃粘膜悬入胃腔式吻合5 630例报告

目的探讨防止食管癌术后吻合口瘘及狭窄的吻合术式。方法自1990年1月-2003年12月对5630例食管癌患者行肿瘤切除，均采用食管-胃粘膜悬入胃腔式吻合方法，遵循“窄边距、密针距、锯齿缝、轻打结”的吻合技巧，观察分析术后吻合口瘘及狭窄等并发症的发生情况。结果本组5630例术后发生吻合口瘘49例（0．87％），其中颈部吻合口瘘29例，胸内吻合瘘20例，吻合口狭窄30例（0．53％），其中颈部吻合口狭窄6例，胸内吻合口狭窄24例。结论食管-胃粘膜悬人胃腔式吻合是防止食管癌术后吻合口瘘和狭窄的有效术式。     

结肠或胃重建食管治疗食管烧伤后瘢痕狭窄100例

目的 总结结肠或胃重建食管治疗食管烧伤后瘢痕狭窄的临床经验及疗效。方法回顾分析100例应用结肠或胃重建食管烧伤后食管瘢痕狭窄的临床资料。74例未切除瘢痕段食管，结肠经胸骨后隧道上提至颈部或咽部吻合；26例经胸切除瘢痕段食管，行食管胃胸内吻合23例，颈部吻合3例。结果结肠重建食管死亡5例（6．8％），术后发生颈部吻合口瘘14例（18．9％），吻合口狭窄5例（6．8％）。26例胃重建食管者无死亡，术后发生吻合口狭窄2例，脓胸1例。结论食管烧伤后高位的广泛狭窄可旷置瘢痕段食管采用结肠重建，中下段病变能在主动脉弓下吻合者可切除瘢痕段食管用胃重建，提高外科技术可明显降低结肠重建食管的并发症。     

金属支架治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄的临床应用价值

目的:探讨金属支架治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄的临床价值。方法:采用内镜法,介入法,用国产镍钛合金带膜和不带膜支架治疗食管胃吻合口狭窄32例,吞咽状况困难分级评估。结果:支架置入术成功率100％,近期疗效满意,病人术后吞困难由2级、3级放善到0级,狭窄直径由0.3cm～0.5扩张到1.5cm～1.8cm,近期无严重并发出现。术后远期并发症发生率为50％,依次为再狭窄10例,支架移位6例。结论:食管胃良性吻合口狭窄应慎重使用支架置入术。     

晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入术的并发症防治

目的探讨晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入的并发症及其防治措施。方法应用带膜记忆合金支架治疗晚期食管癌117例，其中76例术前检查发现失去手术机会，6例食管癌放疗、化疗或术后吻合口复发，2例食管癌合并食管气管瘘，采用介入法放置支架；33例尚有手术探查指征，术中见肿瘤无法手术切除而于术中放置支架。观察近、远期并发症，并给予相应处理。结果117例患者植入支架131支，其中14例放置2枚支架。全组无手术死亡病例。近期并发症发生率为40．2％(47／117)，其中33例胸部膨胀感、钝痛，2例室性心律失常，5例支架移位，7例出血。远期并发症发生率为18．6％(11／59)，其中2例支架内食物堵塞，4例出血，5例肿瘤生长超过支架上端而再狭窄。除1例术后12天大呕血死亡外，其余均采取相应措施处理成功。结论降低晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入并发症必须采取术前、术中和术后的综合防治措施。     

食管贲门癌切除消化道重建术后胃狭窄

目的 分析食管癌和贲门癌切除术后胃狭窄的临床特点，探讨其病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法 对1998年1月至2004年12月收治的9例食管癌和贲门癌术后出现胃狭窄患者的临床表现、影像学特征、内镜检查和治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 本组男8例，女1例。年龄49～71岁，中位年龄62岁。症状主要为术后吞咽困难。狭窄部位以吻合口以下的胃黏膜缺失，纤维瘢痕增生为主要特征，其长度为1．5～5．0cm，中位长度2．0cm；宽0．1～0．5cm，中位宽度0．3cm。有7例采用单纯食管扩张术均无效，8例施行经口食管支架置入术，可正常饮食。随访期5—60个月，中位时间12个月。支架置入术后再狭窄11例次（包括6例次支架脱落，1例次支架移位，4例次肉芽生长阻塞），颈部切口化脓感染1例，上消化道大出血1例。结论 食管癌和贲门癌切除术后胃狭窄应结合临床症状、钡餐和内镜检查进行诊断；治疗首选放置非自扩支架或全覆膜自扩支架。     

The use of self-expanding silicone stents in esophageal cancer care: optimal pre-, peri-, and postoperative care

Background  Preoperative nutritional supplementation, management of esophageal leaks, and postoperative anastomotic strictures still remain common problems in the management of esophageal cancer. Jejunal feeding tubes, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with nasogastric suction, and repeated esophageal dilations remain the most common treatments, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of removable silicone stents in (1) the preoperative nutritional optimization during neoadjuvant therapy, (2) the management of perioperative anastomotic leak, and (3) the management of postoperative anastomotic strictures. Methods  Review of our prospectively maintained esophageal database identified 15 patients who had removable self-expanding silicone stents placed in the management of one of these three management problems from July 2004 to August 2006. Results  Preoperative therapy: Five patients underwent initial stent placement in preparation for neoadjuvant therapy. Dysphagia relief was seen in 100% of patients, with optimal caloric needs taken within 24 h of placement. All patients tolerated neoadjuvant therapy without delay from dehydration or malnutrition. One stent migration was found at the time of operation, which was removed without sequelae. Perioperative therapy: Five patients developed delayed (>10 days) esophageal leaks that were managed with removable esophageal stent and percutaneous drainage (in three patients). All patients had successful exclusion of the leak on the day of the procedure with resumption of oral intake on the evening of procedure. All five healed leaks without sequelae. Postoperative therapy: Five patients developed postoperative anastomotic strictures that required dilation and placement of removable esophageal stent. The median number of dilations was 1 (range 1–2), with all stents placed for approximate 3 months duration. All patients had immediate dysphagia relief after stent placement. Conclusion  Removable esophageal stents are novel treatment option to optimize relief of symptoms and return the patients back to a more normal oral intake. Continued evaluation is needed to consider stent use as first-line therapy.     

Self-expanding Polyflex plastic stents in esophageal disease: various indications,complications, and outcomes

Background Esophageal stenting has become an important technique in the treatment of different clincal problems such as malignant or benign stenosis, anastomotic leaks after surgery, or fistulas. In this study we present our experience with the self-expanding Polyflex plastic stent in various indications, arising complications, and patient’s outcomes. Methods Over a three-year period, 35 patients underwent self-expanding Polyflex plastic stent placement for esophageal stenosis (n = 23) with 22 malignant, and for perforations, fistulas, or anastomotic leaks after surgery (n = 12). The short-term efficacy and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Results In patients with stenosis, implantation was performed without any complications in 91% (21/23). In one patient perforation occurred while passing the stenosis; in another patient the stent dislocated during the insertion procedure. Dysphagia score improved from 3.0 to 1.0 after stenting. In all patients with perforations, fistulas, or anastomotic leaks (n = 12), stents were placed successfully without any complication. Complete sealing of the mucosal defect was proven by radiography in 92% (n = 11) and healing was seen in 42% (n = 5). If indicated, stent removal was performed without any complications. Stent migration (n = 13; 37%) was the most common long-term complication. Conclusions The placement of self-expanding Polyflex plastic stents is a highly sufficient and cost-effective treatment for malignant and benign esophageal disorders. Because the long-term results were highly favorable, self-expanding plastic stent placement could be used as the initial treatment for various conditions.     

Prospective evaluation of a new self-expanding plastic stent for inoperable esophageal strictures

BACKGROUND: High stent cost is considered the major drawback of self-expanding metal stents for dysphagia palliation in patients with inoperable esophageal strictures. We report our experience with a self-expanding plastic (Polyflex) stent, the cost of which is half that of the metal stents. METHODS: Between September 1999 and April 2001, 16 dysphagic patients (15 men; mean age, 69.4 +/- 14.5 years; range, 49-100 years; mean dysphagia score, 3.31 +/- 0.6) with esophageal strictures who underwent Polyflex stent placement (insertion device diameter, 12-14 mm; postexpansion inner stent diameter, 16-21 mm; stent length, 9, 12, and 15 cm) were studied prospectively. The strictures were caused by postsurgical recurrence of gastric/esophageal cancer at the anastomotic site in five patients, primary esophageal cancer in four patients, esophagocardia junction cancer in four patients, metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes from a primary lung cancer invading the esophagus in 1 patient, and benign peptic stricture in two elderly patients. All the patients were prospectively followed until death. RESULTS: Stent insertion was technically successful in 12 patients (75%). Stent placement failed in four patients (25%) because of failure to pass the delivery catheter across the stricture in three patients and failure of the stent to open in one patient. Early and late stent migration occurred in two patients and 1 patient, respectively. Tumor overgrowth occurred in 1 patient. The mean dysphagia score 7 days after stent placement was 1.1 +/- 0.9. Mean survival was 100.6 +/- 71.2 days (range, 8-225 days). CONCLUSION: Self-expanding Polyflex stents are safe and effective for inoperable esophageal strictures and have an acceptable technical success rate. Further experience, better selection criteria, and design improvements should improve results.     

晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入术的并发症防治

目的　探讨晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入的并发症及其防治措施。方法　应用带膜记忆合金支架治疗晚期食管癌117例,其中76例术前检查发现失去手术机会,6 例食管癌放疗、化疗或术后吻合口复发,2例食管癌合并食管气管瘘,采用介入法放置支架;33例尚有手术探查指征,术中见肿瘤无法手术切除而于术中放置支架。观察近、远期并发症,并给予相应处理。结果　117 例患者植入支架131支,其中14例放置 2 枚支架。全组无手术死亡病例。近期并发症发生率为 40.2%(47/117),其中33例胸部膨胀感、钝痛,2 例室性心律失常,5 例支架移位,7 例出血。远期并发症发生率为18.6%(11/59),其中 2 例支架内食物堵塞,4 例出血,5 例肿瘤生长超过支架上端而再狭窄。除1例术后12天大呕血死亡外,其余均采取相应措施处理成功。结论　降低晚期食管癌带膜记忆合金支架植入并发症必须采取术前、术中和术后的综合防治措施。     

食管腔内置管预防食管腐蚀伤后瘢痕狭窄

目的介绍食管腔内置管预防食管腐蚀伤后瘢痕狭窄的手术方法,并评价其疗效。方法食管腐蚀伤后3周内入院33例,除1例发生食管穿孔外均经食管镜检查诊断为度或度烧伤,所有患者均采用食管腔内置管方法预防瘢痕狭窄,4～6个月后拔管。结果本组无手术死亡,拔管后患者均恢复正常进食,食管X线钡餐检查无狭窄。随访1～60个月,随访期间28例进食无梗阻,5例拔管后2～3个月发生食管狭窄,其中1例经食管扩张治愈,另4例施行食管重建手术,术后进普通食物无梗阻。结论食管腔内置管能预防食管腐蚀伤后瘢痕狭窄,加用异烟肼能增强其疗效。     

食管支架置入术的临床应用

目的探讨食管支架置入术对良、恶性食管狭窄和食管瘘的治疗方法、疗效和并发症的处理。方法对55例不同原因所致良、恶性食管狭窄和食管瘘患者采用食管金属支架置入术。结果食管狭窄的主要症状吞咽困难、呛咳得到改善，近期疗效达100％。出现的并发症主要为疼痛和大便隐血，发生率分别为100％和92．7％，其余依次为胃食管返流、食管再狭窄、支架脱落，经过治疗后得到缓解或消失。结论金属支架置入术是治疗中晚期食管癌、狭窄的有效方法之一，对食管良性狭窄和瘘效果亦好。并发症可以预防，处理后大部分缓解。     

应用带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌贲门癌

目的　探讨置入国产CZES型自膨式带膜支架 ,结合其它疗法综合施治重症晚期食管癌贲门癌病人的疗效。方法　采用内镜法、介入法、混合法、手术法 ,为晚期食管癌、贲门癌、食管瘘、吻合口漏、吻合口癌复发或吻合口狭窄病人 15 1例 ,共置入 15 9个支架 ,继而 132例实施放、化疗和中药综合施治。结果　疗效满意 ,明显改善了病人生活质量 ,体质增强 ,进食困难分级由 3.12级降至 1.0 5级 ,肿瘤缩小 2 2～ 3 4cm ,体重增加 1～ 6kg ,置入支架后生存 1 5～ 36个月。结论　置入支架结合综合施治行之有效 ,操作简便、安全可靠 ,适用于临床 ,易于推广     

经皮经肝胆道支架术在肝移植术后胆管狭窄中的应用

目的 评价经皮经肝胆道支架术治疗肝移植术后胆管狭窄的疗效.方法 肝移植术后胆管狭窄患者23例,其中吻合口狭窄7例,肝门区狭窄6例,多发性狭窄10例.确诊后均行经皮经肝胆道支架术.术前均给予经皮经肝胆管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,PTBD),同时对狭窄部位...     

非恶性食管-气管/支气管瘘的外科治疗

目的探讨非恶性食管-气管/支气管瘘的临床特点和处理方法。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2011年10月北京协和医院收治12例非恶性食管-气管/支气管瘘患者的临床资料,其中男6例,女6例;平均年龄49.8(32～72)岁。食管气管瘘7例,食管支气管瘘1例,食管癌术后胸胃支气管瘘2例,食管憩室支气管瘘2例。右侧开胸入路9例,左侧开胸3例。行食管瘘、气管瘘修补7例;食管瘘、支气管瘘修补1例;胸胃瘘、支气管瘘修补术2例;食管下段、左肺下叶切除,食管胃弓下吻合术1例;左肺下叶切除,食管憩室瘘修补术1例。结果全部患者均顺利恢复,无手术合并症或死亡,7～10 d恢复经口进食。术后3个月～1年内复查纤维支气管镜及上消化道造影,无气管支气管狭窄,无食管狭窄,不必采用支架或扩张治疗。术后随诊3个月～10年,均恢复良好。结论食管-气管/支气管瘘排除恶性病因,明确瘘口位置,术前给予充分营养支持,手术Ⅰ期修补瘘口,可以获得良好的治疗效果。     

食管腐蚀性烧伤后严重狭窄的外科治疗

目的探讨食管腐蚀性烧伤后狭窄的外科治疗经验及胃或横结肠代食管重建手术的应用价值。方法对98例食管腐蚀性烧伤后狭窄的患者中72例广泛食管狭窄、病变超过食管中段以上者采用横结肠代食管、保留结肠左动脉升支、胸骨后顺蠕动吻合,其中横结肠咽腔吻合18例,横结肠食管颈部吻合54例,胸段食管旷置不切除;26例狭窄位于中下段,经胸切除瘢痕段食管用胃重建食管,胃食管胸内吻合。结果结肠食管重建72例中,术后死亡4例（5．56％）,发生颈部吻合口瘘14例（19．44％）,后期出现颈部吻合口狭窄7例,经治疗后均痊愈。胃重建食管26例无手术死亡,术后发生胸内吻合口狭窄3例,经扩张治愈。结论食管腐蚀性烧伤后狭窄在伤后20～24周可积极采取食管重建术,根据食管狭窄段严重程度及位置决定是否行狭窄段食管切除、选择食管重建替代物及吻合的位置。可采用横结肠食管颈部吻合或结肠咽腔吻合术,胸内胃食管吻合术。