Enhancing effects of co-transduction of both human erythropoietin receptor and c-kit cDNAs into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from cord blood on proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors

Steel factor (SLF) and erythropoietin (Epo) play critical roles in erythropoiesis. To evaluate interactive effects of Epo and SLF receptors (R) in erythropoiesis, CD34+ and CD34 cord blood cells were transduced with human EpoR and c-kit cDNAs by retroviral mediated gene transfer. Erythroid (BFU-E) colonies derived from CD34+ or CD34 cells transduced with either the EpoR or c-kit gene were significantly increased in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Epo, and different concentrations of SLF compared with that from mock transduced cells. This number was further enhanced by co-transduction of both genes. Enhancement was more apparent in the absence of SLF. Cell numbers in individual erythroid colonies were also significantly increased in cells transduced with both genes compared with cells transduced with a single gene. Short-term liquid culture showed that ex vivo expansion for five days and numbers of CD34+CD71+ cells in expanded cells from single CD34 cells co-transduced with both EpoR and c-kit genes were increased compared with those of EpoR or c-kit-transduced cells. These results demonstrate that co-transduction of both c-kit and EpoR enhances the proliferative capacity of erythroid progenitors under cytokine stimulation above that of single-gene transduced cells.     

突变的人DHFR肿瘤耐药基因转导脐血干细胞的体外实验研究

目的探讨突变的人二氢叶酸还原酶（ｍＤＨＦＲ）耐药基因在人造血干细胞中抗甲氨蝶呤（ＭＴＸ）的效应。方法应用免疫磁珠分选系统（ＭＡＣＳ）分离纯化脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞后，用含ｍＤＨＦＲ的逆转录病毒上清转染脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞，采用造血干细胞集落形成实验进行转导后细胞抗ＭＴＸ分析。结果应用ＭＡＣＳ能高度纯化人ＣＤ３４＋细胞，使分选后的脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞的纯度平均达９０％，回收率为７１．１％。在ＭＴＸ浓度为２０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的条件下培养１４天，转导ｍＤＨＦＲ耐药基因的脐血干细胞集落形成数明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），同时对ＭＴＸ的抗性提高了约２倍。结论突变的人ＤＨＦＲ耐药基因能提高人的造血干细胞对化疗药物ＭＴＸ的抗性。     

骨髓增生异常综合征CD34^＋细胞对不同生长因子的反应性研究

目的：更准确地研究造血生长因子对骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）造血干、祖细胞的影响及临床治疗效果。方法：利用吸附单克隆抗体的免疫磁珠分离系统分离纯化ＭＤＳ患者ＣＤ３４＋细胞，在体外半固体培养体系中，研究ＭＤＳＣＤ３４＋细胞对粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）、白细胞介素３（ＩＬ－３）、红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）、干细胞因子（ＳＣＦ）单独及联合应用的反应。结果：ＭＤＳＣＤ３４＋细胞在增殖分化过程中存在一定程度缺陷，单独应用生长因子不能有效地改善其缺陷，ＳＣＦ与ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３、Ｅｐｏ等生长因子的联合应用可提高一部分患者造血祖细胞的集落形成能力，但在ＭＤＳ高危组，部分患者在正常集落形成能力改善的同时，白血病细胞集落也有不同程度的增长。结论：治疗ＭＤＳ患者须合理地联合应用造血生长因子。     

人Delta-like-1胞外区在CHO细胞的表达纯化及对造血祖细胞的扩增作用

Notch信号通路在调控造血干细胞的增殖分化中具有重要作用。本研究克隆表达人Notch配体Delta-like-1(Dll-1)的胞外区（hDll-1^ext)，并观察其对脐带血造血祖细胞的扩增作用。从人骨髓单个核细胞中提取总RNA，用RT-PCR的方法扩增Delta-like-1基因胞外区，克隆到T载体。测序正确后，亚克隆到pcDNA3.1/Myc-His( )A表达载体。用脂质体转染CHO细胞，G418筛选克隆，Western印迹检测hDll-1^ext。利用免疫磁性分离方法分离脐带血CD34^ 细胞。结果表明，RT-PCR方法检测到脐事业血CD34^ 细胞表达Notch-1受体。在含rhIL-3，rhSCF及rhVEGF的脐带血CD34^ 细胞无血清培养体系中，加入纯化的hDll-1^ext，通过集落培养检测hDll-1^ext对造血祖细胞的扩增作用。含hDll-1^ext组中CFU-Mix和HPP-CFC数量是对照组的1.5倍，结论：重组的hDll-1^ext对原始的造血祖细胞具有扩增作用。     

SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 enhances retroviral-mediated gene transfer into immature subsets of human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells

Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells has the potential to treat diseases affecting blood cells. Oncoretroviral vectors have been used for gene therapy; however, clinical success has been limited in part by low gene transfer efficiencies. We found that the presence of stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1alpha)/CXCL12 during retroviral transduction significantly enhanced, in a dose-dependent fashion, gene transfer into immature subsets of high proliferative human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Murine mononuclear bone marrow cells and purified c-Kit(+)Lin(-) bone marrow cells were prestimulated and transduced with the bicistronic retroviral vector MIEG3 on Retronectin-coated surfaces in the presence and absence of SDF-1. SDF-1 enhanced gene transduction of murine bone marrow and c-Kit(+)Lin(-) cells by 35 and 29%, respectively. Moreover, SDF-1 enhanced transduction of progenitors in these populations by 121 and 107%, respectively. SDF-1 also enhanced transduction of human immature subsets of high proliferative progenitors present in either nonadherent mononuclear or CD34(+) umbilical cord blood cells. Transduction of hematopoietic progenitors was further increased by preloading Retronectin-coated plates with retrovirus using low-speed centrifugation followed by increasing cell-virus interactions through brief centrifugation during the transduction procedure. These results may be of clinical relevance.     

双耐药基因导人脐血干/祖细胞降低联合化疗骨髓毒性作用的临床前研究

目的探讨转染醛脱氢酶基因(ALDH3)和多药耐药基因(mdr-1)的人脐血CD     

Growth factor-dependent inhibition of normal hematopoiesis by N-ras antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

To determine whether N-ras expression is required at specific stages of the process of in vitro normal human hematopoiesis, adherent- and T lymphocyte-depleted mononuclear marrow cells (A-T-MNC) or highly purified progenitors (CD34+ cells) were cultured in semisolid medium, under conditions that favor the growth of specific progenitor cell types, after exposure to N-ras sense and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. N-ras antisense, but not sense, oligodeoxynucleotide treatment of A-T-MNC and CD34+ cells resulted in a significantly decreased number of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) induced by interleukin 3 (IL-3) or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and of macrophage colonies (CFU-M) induced by M-CSF, but not of granulocytic colonies induced with G-CSF or IL-5. However, the same treatment significantly inhibited colony formation induced by each of the above factors in combination with IL-3. Megakaryocytic colony (CFU-Meg) formation from A-T-MNC or CD34+ cells in the presence of IL-6 + IL-3 + erythropoietin (Epo) was also markedly decreased after antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Erythroid colonies derived from A-T-MNC in the presence of Epo (CFU-E) were not inhibited upon antisense treatment, whereas those arising from A-T-MNC or CD34+ cells in the presence of IL-3 + Epo (BFU-E) were markedly affected. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that distinct signal transduction pathways, involving N-ras or not, are activated by different growth factors in different hematopoietic progenitor cells.     

骨髓基质细胞对人造血CD_34~+细胞体外扩增及基因转导的作用

目的：探讨造血基质细胞对人外周血干细胞体外培养扩增及基因转导的促进作用。方法：应用基质细胞支持培养扩增体系进行人造血干细胞体外培养扩增及基因转导。结果：骨髓基质细胞和造血生长因子共同支持组的造血ＣＤ＋３４细胞在体外培养３周后,其造血祖克隆形成能力较单纯造血生长因子支持组高３０．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在有基质细胞支持时,逆转录病毒载体上清转导人造血ＣＤ＋３４细胞后,其造血细胞克隆中Ｎｅｏ基因阳性克隆是无基质支持对照组的２倍。结论：基质细胞的支持有维持造血干细胞原始造血活性及促进基因转导的双重好处。     

混合脐血血浆对脐血CD34^＋细胞体外扩增的作用

采用两步法分离出脐血CD34~ 细胞,比较研究了混合脐血血浆联合IL-3,IL-6,GM-CSF,Epo 4种中、晚期造血因子和单纯的4种造血因子情况下脐血CD34~ 细胞的体外扩增。结果表明,混合脐血血浆联合造血因子对粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位(granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit,CFU-GM),红系爆式集落形成单位(burst-forming unit of erythriod,BFU-E),混合集落形成单位(minxed colony-forming unit,CFU-mix)3种集落的扩增效果明显优于单纯的4种造血因子联合组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但单纯混合脐血血浆扩增效果较差。脐血造血细胞扩增对子成人脐血移植有重要意义。上述结果提示,混合脐血血浆的扩增成功,可代替或弥补早期造血生长因子的作用,用于脐血造血细胞的体外扩增。     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者骨髓造血干/祖细胞体外单个细胞培养

目的 研究阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（PNH）患者单个不同表型骨髓造血干／祖细胞体外生长特性。方法 用免疫磁珠富集C34^ 细胞，用流式细胞仪自动分选系统将患者CD34^ CD59^ 和CD34^ CD59^-造血干／祖细胞单个分选入96孔培养板，进行单个细胞培养，观察不同细胞各个生长指标，并与正常对照细胞比较。结果 ①单个细胞培养条件下，患者CD34^ CD59^-细胞在细胞发生分裂（细胞数≥2个）的比率、形成集落（细胞数≥50）的比率及扩增的总数（所有细胞发生分裂的孔的细胞数的总和）都超过了其CD34^ CD59^ 细胞（P＜0．05）。②PNH CD34^ CD59^-细胞单个细胞扩增的数目及细胞扩增的总数代于正常对照（P＜0．05）。③PNH CD34^ CD59^ 细胞在较大集落（细胞数≥500）形成、单个细胞扩增的数目及细胞扩增总数均低于正常对照（P＜0．01）。④患者异常与正常表型细胞单个细胞次级集落的形成能力差异无显著性（P＞0．05），但都明显低于正常对照。（P＜0．001）。结论 在单个细胞培养条件下，患者异常表型的造血干／祖细胞较其正常表型的造血干／祖细胞具有一定的生长优势。但它们与正常骨髓细胞相比，都存在一定的生长缺陷，正常表型细胞的缺陷尤为明显。     

CD45 cell surface antigens are linked to stimulation of early human myeloid progenitor cells by interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a GM-CSF/IL- 3 fusion protein, and mast cell growth factor (a c-kit ligand)

CD45 antigens are protein tyrosine phosphatases. A possible link was evaluated between expression of CD45 antigens on human myeloid progenitor cells (MPC) (colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage [CFU-GM], burst-forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E], and colony-forming unit-granulocyte/erythroid/macrophage/megakaryocyte [CFU-GEMM]) and regulation of MPC by colony-stimulating factors (CSF) (interleukin 3 [IL-3], GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, and erythropoietin [Epo]), a GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein, and mast cell growth factor (MGF; a c-kit ligand). Treatment of cells with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) to exons 1 and 2, but not 4, 5, or 6, of the CD45 gene, or with monoclonal anti-CD45, significantly decreased CFU-GM colony formation stimulated with GM-CSF, IL-3, fusion protein, and GM-CSF + MGF, but not with G-CSF or M-CSF. It also decreased GM-CSF, IL-3, fusion protein, and MGF-enhanced Epo-dependent BFU-E and CFU-GEMM colony formation, but had little or no effect on BFU-E or CFU-GEMM colony formation stimulated by Epo alone. Similar results were obtained with unseparated or purified (greater than or equal to one of two cells being a MPC) bone marrow cells. Sorted populations of CD343+ HLA-DR+ marrow cells composed of 90% MPC were used to demonstrate capping of CD45 after crosslinking protocols. Also, a decreased percent of CD45+ cells and CD45 antigen density was noted after treatment of column-separated CD34+ cells with antisense oligos to exon 1 of the CD45 gene. These results demonstrate that CD45 cell surface antigens are linked to stimulation of early human MPC by IL-3, GM-CSF, a GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein, and MGF.     

Efficient gene transfer into human cord blood CD34+ cells and the CD34+CD38- subset using highly purified recombinant adeno-associated viral vector preparations that are free of helper virus and wild-type AAV

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been evaluated for their ability to transduce primitive hematopoietic cells. Early studies documented rAAV-mediated gene expression during progenitor derived colony formation in vitro, but studies examining genome integration and long-term gene expression in hematopoietic cells have yielded conflicting results. Such studies were performed with crude vector preparations. Using improved methodology, we have generated high titer, biologically active preparations of rAAV free of wild-type AAV (less than 1/107particles) and adenovirus. Transduction of CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood was evaluated with a bicistronic rAAV vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a trimetrexate resistant variant of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Freshly isolated, quiescent CD34+ cells were resistant to transduction (less than 4%), but transduction increased to 23 +/- 2% after 2 days of cytokine stimulation and was further augmented by addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (51 +/- 4%) at a multiplicity of infection of 106. rAAV-mediated gene expression was transient in that progenitor derived colony formation was inhibited by trimetrexate. Primitive CD34+ and CD34+, CD38- subsets were sequentially transduced with a rAAV vector encoding the murine ecotropic receptor followed by transduction with an ecotropic retroviral vector encoding GFP and DHFR. Under optimal conditions 41 +/- 7% of CD34+ progenitors and 21 +/- 6% of CD34+, CD38- progenitors became trimetrexate resistant. These results document that highly purified rAAV transduce primitive human hematopoietic cells efficiently but gene expression appears to be transient. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 183-195.     

脐血CD34＋细胞扩增和改善其移植效率的实验研究

目的：探讨脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞对造血生长因子的扩增效应及其植入成人骨髓基质的能力。方法：利用免疫磁珠法（ＭＡＣＳ）分离纯化脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞，在液体培养体系中对其进行体外扩增，并利用铺展贴壁实验研究其移植效率。结果：脐血ＣＤ３４＋ＣＤ３８－细胞亚群的比例明显高于骨髓和外周血；在干细胞因子、白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－３、ＩＬ－６、粒细胞集落刺激因子、红细胞生成素存在的情况下，１０～１４天造血祖细胞可扩增近１００倍，细胞总数超过５００倍；但经２小时铺展贴壁后，仅有３６％的脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞植入经照射预处理的成人骨髓基质，若经粒－巨噬系集落刺激因子和ＩＬ－３预处理６～８小时后则有６８．０％～８９．６％的ＣＤ３４＋细胞植入基质。结论：细胞因子有可能在体外扩增脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞数量，改善其移植效率，使脐血祖细胞在“质”和“量”上满足临床移植的需要。     

靶基因调控的脐血干/祖细胞体外长期扩增与调控

背景:脐血干细胞是基因治疗最理想的靶细胞之一,但基因转移率低下是目前面临的主要障碍.酪氨酸激酶JAK2在造血干/祖细胞自我更新中扮演着重要的作用,为了克服脐血基因转移率低下的障碍,根据基因调控表达技术原理,是否可开发一个可以靶向扩增JAK2基因修饰的脐血CD34 细胞体系.目的:探讨转基因JAK2介导的脐血干祖细胞长期扩增调控的可行性和安全性. 单位:卫生部北京医院血液科.材料:实验于2003-06/2006-04在卫生部北京医院血液科实验室完成.脐血取自健康、足月、自然分娩后立即断脐的脐血.脐血由北京医院妇产科提供,产妇及家属均知情同意,实验经医学伦理委员会批准.MiniMACS磁性分离仪、免疫磁珠吸附CD34单抗购自德国Miltenyi Biotec公司, 流式细胞仪购自美国FACScalibur,人重组干细胞因子、Flt3配体、人白介素-6、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子、血小板生成素为PeproTec产品,SPF级裸鼠购自北京医科大学动物中心.方法:构建逆转录病毒载体MGI-F2JAK2,内含有JAK2基因的功能催化区和两个与小分子靶向基因合成药物(AP20187)结合的位点蛋白(2xF36v,F2)组成.AP20187可与F36v特异结合引起JAK2二聚化而激活细胞内信号传导.该载体同时含有绿色荧光蛋白报告基因,用作检测细胞增殖的标记.应用MiniMACS免疫磁珠分选系统纯化分离脐血CD34 细胞,用含JAK2的逆转录病毒上清转染脐血CD34 细胞.转导后的CD34 细胞在集落刺激因子、Flt3配体、血小板生成素、白介素-6细胞因子的联合培养条件下,以不加或加入AP20187分别作为对照组和实验组.主要观察指标:①应用流式细胞仪测定两组CD34 细胞中所含绿色荧光蛋白细胞的百分率,确定基因转移率.②扩增后的脐血祖细胞集落培养结果.③取培养10周的脐血CD34 细胞于裸鼠的胁部皮下注射,30 d后观察成瘤情况.结果:①实验组与对照组均可获得CD34 细胞大量扩增.随着培养时间的延长,实验组扩增的CD34 细胞GFP阳性率由基线水平逐渐上升于第11周时达到95%以上,而对照组绿色荧光蛋白报告基因阳性率逐渐下降到基线水平以下并逐渐消失.②实验组转基因CD34 细胞于12周后仍可产生造血祖细胞集落红系祖细胞、粒单系祖细胞、脐血多向造血祖细胞,所形成的造血祖细胞集落以粒单系祖细胞为主.③裸鼠实验无致瘤特性.结论:转染JAK2 基因的人脐血CD34 细胞协同其他细胞因子可以体外长期扩增脐血干祖细胞,对今后开展干细胞治疗某些遗传性血液病有潜在的应用价值.     

Human cord blood cells as targets for gene transfer: potential use in genetic therapies of severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Human cord blood (CB) contains large numbers of both committed and primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells and has been shown to have the capacity to reconstitute the lympho-hematopoietic system in transplant protocols. To investigate the potential usefulness of CB stem and progenitor cell populations to deliver new genetic material into the blood and immune systems, we have transduced these cells using retroviral technology and compared the efficiency of gene transfer into CB cells with normal adult human bone marrow cells using a variety of infection protocols. Using two retroviral vectors which differ significantly in both recombinant viral titers and vector design, low density CB or adult bone marrow (ABM) cells were infected, and committed progenitor and more primitive hematopoietic cells were analyzed for gene expression by G418 drug resistance (G418r) of neophosphotransferase and protein analysis for murine adenosine deaminase (mADA). Standard methylcellulose progenitor assays were used to quantitate transduction efficiency of committed progenitor cells, and the long term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay was used to quantitate transduction efficiency of more primitive cells. Our results indicate that CB cells were more efficiently transduced via retroviral- mediated gene transfer as compared with ABM-derived cells. In addition, stable expression of the introduced gene sequences, including the ADA cDNA, was demonstrated in the progeny of infected LTC-ICs after 5 wk in long-term marrow cultures. Expression of the introduced ADA cDNA was higher than the endogenous human ADA gene in the LTC-IC-derived colonies examined. These studies demonstrate that CB progenitor and stem cells can be efficiently infected using retroviral vectors and suggest that CB cells may provide a suitable target population in gene transfer protocols for some genetic diseases.     

The high proliferative potential-quiescent (HPP-Q) cell assay allows an optimized evaluation of gene transfer efficiency into primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells

Various protocols have been described to optimize gene transfer into hematopoietic cells. However, most of these methods do not specify whether they are associated with an improved transduction of the more primitive stem/progenitor cells, the best candidates for long-term engraftment. The majority of these primitive cells remains in quiescence because of the negative control of TGF-beta1, effective on these cells at low concentrations (10 pg/ml). In this study, CD34- cells were activated by a 10 h pretreatment with anti-TGF-beta1 followed by four successive retroviral supernatant incubations of 6 h each. After 12 h (two incubations), a significant increase in TGF-beta1 mRNA in CD34+ cells was observed. We wondered whether neo-synthesized autocrine TGF-beta1 could induce reversion to quiescence of the more primitive CD34+ cells transduced after one cell cycle. This would prevent their subsequent detection in a classic clonal assay. Using the HPP-Q assay comparing a rapid mixed colony assay with or without anti-TGF-beta1, we indeed observed, that in clonal growth conditions the more primitive transduced cells were activated and detectable only with anti-TGF-beta1. Therefore, this assay represents not only a rapid means to detect quiescent multipotent stem/progenitor cells but also a necessary step for the detection of the more primitive transduced cells which have returned to quiescence after retroviral induction of TGF-beta1 secretion.     

体外诱导人类诱导性多能干细胞分化为造血干 / 祖细胞的研究简

本研究探讨体外诱导人诱导性多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cell,iPSC）分化为造血干/祖细胞的能力.在体外用小鼠骨髓基质细胞OP9与人类iPSC共培养的方法,将iPSC诱导分化为造血干/祖细胞;用流式细胞术检测造血干/祖细胞表面标志物的表达水平;用实时定量PCR检测分化过程中iPSC及造血干/祖细胞的相关基因mRNA表达水平的变化;用免疫磁珠法分离CD34＋造血干/祖细胞并进行半固体集落形成实验检测细胞的集落形成能力.结果表明,iPSC与OP9细胞共培养诱导造血分化的第4天即可观察到iPSC形态变化;流式细胞术检测显示,分化得到的细胞表达已知的造血干/祖细胞相关表面标志物CD34和CD43分子.在体外分化过程中多能性的标志基因Oct4的表达逐渐下降,造血相关转录因子Gata-2的表达逐渐升高,而Runx-1的表达量则呈波浪式变化,CD34表达量逐渐升高.集落培养14 d能够得到红系集落（CFU-E）,粒系集落（CFU-G）,巨核系集落（CFU-M）,粒-巨核系集落（CFU-GM）和混合系集落（CFU-GEMM）.结论：iPSC细胞能够在体外通过与OP9细胞共培养分化为造血干/祖细胞.     

人脐血CD34+CD38-细胞免疫表型和染色体核型特征分析

目的 分离脐血干／祖细胞(CD34^ CD38)进行体外长期培养，观察分析其增殖、细胞表面分子标志和染色体核型的特征。方法 用流式细胞仪分选CD34-FITC和CD38-PE标记的CD34^ CD38脐血原始细胞，在含细胞生长因子IL-3、IL-6、GM-CSF、EPO、SCF和胰岛素样生长因子的干细胞培养基中培养6个月，用流式细胞术检测体外培养30d的干／祖细胞表面标记，并用G显带方法分析其染色体核型。结果 在一定培养条件下，经7～12d培养，脐血干／祖细胞(CD34^ CD38)开始增殖。培养6个月后，每孔接种1个细胞，细胞数增殖至250～350个；每孔接种10个细胞，细胞数可增殖至400～500个。每孔接种1个细胞其细胞增殖峰持续时间(8～9代)比接种10个细胞(6～7代)长：经体外长期培养增殖，细胞仍强烈显示十／祖细胞表面分子标记(CD34^ CD38^-)；细胞染色体数目、结构未见异常。结论 脐血干／祖细胞(CD34^ CD38^ )经体外特异性培养增殖，可为大量脐血干／祖细胞移植提供细胞来源。     

Interferon gamma selectively inhibits very primitive CD342+CD38- and not more mature CD34+CD38+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells

To assess the effects of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on very primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells, CD34(2+)CD38- human bone marrow cells were isolated and cultured in a two-stage culture system, consisting of a primary liquid culture phase followed by a secondary semisolid colony assay. CD34(2+)CD38- cells needed at least the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3) and kit ligand (KL) together with either IL-1, IL-6, or granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the primary liquid phase in order to proliferate and differentiate into secondary colony- forming cells (CFC). Addition of IFN-gamma to the primary liquid cultures inhibited cell proliferation and generation of secondary CFC in a dose-dependent way. This was a direct effect since it was also seen in primary single cell cultures of CD34(2+)CD38- cells. The proliferation of more mature CD34+CD38+ cells, however, was not inhibited by IFN-gamma, demonstrating for the first time that IFN-gamma is a specific and direct hematopoietic stem cell inhibitor. IFN-gamma, moreover, preserves the viability of CD34(2+)CD38- cells in the absence of other cytokines. IFN-gamma could, therefore, play a role in the protection of the stem cell compartment from exhaustion in situations of hematopoietic stress and may be useful as stem cell protecting agent against chemotherapy for cancer.