胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术的临床效果分析

目的分析全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术治疗房间隔缺损的临床效果。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院2012年3月至2014年1月收治的56例房间隔缺损患者,随机分为研究组(28例)和对照组(28例),研究组采用全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术,对照组采用胸骨正中切口房间隔缺损修补术,对比分析两组手术时间、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后胸液引流量以及术后住院时间。结果两组手术均顺利完成,与对照组相比,研究组手术时间短、术后胸液引流量少、术后住院时间短,体外循环时间长、升主动脉阻断时间长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后呼吸机辅助时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两组手术均安全有效,行胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术患者创伤小、术后住院时间短、切口美观、无骨骼损伤,值得临床推广。     

体外循环下经右腋下小切口治疗小儿室间隔缺损

目的 通过分析对比正中切口与右侧腋下小切口行室间隔缺损修补术的病例资料,探讨体外循环下经右腋下小切口行室间隔缺损修补术的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年12月,我院体外循环下行室间隔缺损修补术80例病例资料。根据手术切口方式不同分为两组,经右腋下小切口组(观察组,n=40)和正中切口组(对照组,n=40),对两组病历资料数据进行分析,指标包括：手术时间、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、平均灌注流量、平均灌注压、平均泵压、术中出血量、术后24h引流量、术后输血例数、呼吸机使用时间、ICU时间、术后住院天数等。结果 两组患儿手术均顺利成功,两组术前资料,性别、月龄、体重、室缺缺损大小及合并症无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。术中及术后指标中手术时间、体外循环时间、升主动脉阻断时间、转中平均灌注流量、平均灌注压及术后呼吸机使用时间两组无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组在术中出血量、术后24h引流量、术后输血例数、ICU时间、术后住院天数及刀口长度方面明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 体外循环下经右腋下小切口入路行室间隔缺损修补技...     

右前胸小切口不阻断升主动脉治疗先天性房室间隔缺损临床分析

目的总结右前胸小切口不阻断升主动脉低温室颤下进行心内直视手术的经验。方法 2002年4月—2010年6月,采用右前胸小切口不阻断升主动脉低温室颤下修补先天性房室间隔缺损53例,其中房间隔缺损20例,室间隔缺损33例。结果无手术死亡及手术并发症,体外循环时间15～70min,平均（30.0±7.5）min,术后胸管引流40～110ml,平均（80.0±23.6）ml,术后12例出现血红蛋白尿。结论右前胸小切口不阻断升主动脉低温室颤下进行心内直视手术安全、可靠,对一些简单的先天性心脏病有良好的手术和美容效果。     

体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视术

目的：探讨6例体外循环下心脏不停跳心内直视手术的方法及手术效果。方法：心肺转流后阻断上下腔静脉,不阻断升主动脉,不灌注冷停跳液,心表面不降温。在鼻温32－33℃、心律30－50次／分、窦性心律下进行心内直视手术。房间隔缺损修补2例,室间隔缺损修补3例,肺动脉瓣狭窄修补成形术1例。结果：6例手术均顺利,手术时间明显缩短,术中手术显露良好,术后心功能良好,术中术后始终保持窦性心律,无术后低心排综合征,无血红蛋白尿及气栓等并发症。结论：体外循环不停跳心脏直视手术操作简便,手术时间明显缩短,术后并发症减少,尤其对心律影响小,不担忧术后心脏复跳,有利于术后恢复。气栓加以预防可以避免。     

电视胸腔镜在体外循环心脏手术中的应用

目的:探讨胸腔镜在体外循环心脏手术中的临床应用.方法:在右胸壁打三个2～3 cm的小孔,股动静脉、上腔静脉插管建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉,晶体心脏停跳液顺行灌注保护心肌,共行房间隔缺损修补18例,室间隔缺损修补10例.结果:术中扩大切口2例,二次开胸止血2例,体外循环时间40～160 min,平均90 min,主动脉阻断时间18～60 min,手术时间平均30 min,术后恢复顺利.结论:电视胸腔镜目前在简单的先天性心脏病手术中具有创伤小,恢复快,美容效果好且安全可靠.     

微创体循环不阻断升主动脉心内直视手术35例临床分析

目的评价微创体外循环下不阻断升主动脉心内直视手术对患者心肌保护作用。方法回顾性分析2000年7月-2002年10月，35例应用此法手术的先天性心脏病病例。全组男24例，女11例；年龄1～30岁，平均11岁；心功能1级33例，2级2例；轻度肺动脉高压13例，中度肺动脉高压5例。经右侧腋下6cm切口第四肋间进胸建立体外循环心内直视下。行房间隔缺损12例，室间隔缺损17例，法乐四联症3例，脉动脉狭窄3例。均在浅低温心脏跳动下手术。结果全组无脑气栓发生及死亡。随访2～25个月。术后未发生低心排。结论微创浅低温体外循环下不阻断升主动脉心脏跳动下心内直视手术，用于先天性心脏病矫治，心肌保护安全有效，临床效果满意。     

微创不停跳心内直视手术在先天性心脏病中的应用

目的探讨微创不停跳心内直视手术在先天性心脏病手术治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取房室间隔缺损患者随机分为两组,每组28例。微创不停跳组不阻断升主动脉,在微创常温体外循环（CPB）、心脏跳动下行心内直视手术;停跳组在常规方法下行心内直视手术。分别于术前、术后2、6、12、24、48h取外周静脉血测定心肌肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）的水平,并观察手术时间、CPB时间、术后辅助呼吸时间,多巴胺和硝普钠的用量、住ICU时间,术后住院时间,引流量,用血量等。结果微创不停跳组的手术时间、CPB时间、术后辅助呼吸时间和术后住院时间较停跳组明显缩短,术后进ICU时的多巴胺用量较停跳组少,术后引流量、用血量较停跳组少,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。术后2、6、12、24h,停跳组CK-MB和cTnI较微创不停跳组显著升高,差异也均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论微创不停跳心内直视手术有良好的心肌保护效果,损伤相对较小,是一种安全有效的手术方法,适用于简单先天性心脏病的矫治。     

电视胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补术的临床研究

目的比较胸腔镜与开胸室间隔缺损修补术的疗效。方法将入选的54例先天性心脏病室间隔缺损患者根据其意愿分为两组胸腔镜组32例,采用右侧胸壁打3个小孔(直径1~2cm),股动脉、静脉、上腔静脉插管建立体外循环,阻闭升主动脉,冷晶体心脏停跳液顺行灌注保护心肌,全胸腔镜下行室间隔缺损修补手术;常规开胸组22例,采用胸骨正中切口,常规体外循环、心肌保护技术,直视行室间隔缺损修补手术。结果两组均无死亡。胸腔镜组与开胸组体外循环时间分别为(78±29)min和(73±25)min、升主动脉阻闭时间分别为(27±13)min和(25±12)min、术后呼吸机辅助时间分别为(3.6±1.3)h和(3.5±1.2)h,两组比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05),术后胸液引流量分别为(36±19)mL和(68±28)mL(P<0.01),术后住院时间分别为(5.8±1.10)d和(6.9±2.3)d(P<0.05)。结论全胸腔镜微创手术治疗室间隔缺损创伤小,恢复快,美容效果好,安全可靠。     

不阻断升主动脉冠状动脉搭桥术的体外循环

目的 :探讨不阻断升主动脉、不灌注停跳液 ,冠状动脉搭桥手术 (CABG)的体外循环 (CPB)方法。方法 :对我院 2 3例不阻断升主动脉冠状动脉搭桥手术的临床资料及体外循环情况 (人工心肺机类型、预充液组成、CPB操作步骤、CPB时间及心肌保护等 )做一回顾性总结。结果 :CPB时间 5 0～ 1 80min(平均 85min)。转流中不阻断升主动脉、不灌注停跳液、在低温心室颤动下行心室部位的血管桥吻合 ,并结合多头灌注管的桥灌注的方法较好地保护了心肌。结论 :CPB方法采用不阻断升主动脉 ,不灌注停跳液 ,低温 ,室颤 ,结合多头灌注管的桥灌注的CABG手术可减少心肌缺血再灌注损伤现象。     

体外循环阻断与不阻断升主动脉心内直视术临床研究

目的 对比分析体外循环不阻断升主动脉不停跳心内直视手术、不阻断升主动脉停跳心内直视手术、阻断升主动脉心内商视手术的心肌保护效果. 方法 45例先天性心脏病患者,随机选择分为不阻断升主动脉不停跳组(n=15),不阻断升主动脉停跳组(n=15),阻断升主动脉组(n=15).比较心肌细胞三磷酸腺苷含量、血浆丙二醛和心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ浓度,以及电子显微镜下对比观察心肌细胞超微结构. 结果 阻断升主动脉组心肌细胞三磷酸腺苷含量、血浆丙二醛浓度、血浆心肌钙蛋白-Ⅰ浓度均小于不阻断升主动脉停跳组和不阻断升主动脉不停跳组,后两组比较无统计学差异;电子显微镜下观察发现阻断组心肌细胞超微结构破坏较为严重,而不阻断升主动脉停跳组和不阻断升主动脉不停跳组心肌细胞超微结构基本正常. 结论 体外循环不阻断升主动脉心脏跳动或停跳下行心内直视术具有较好的心肌保护作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.