用于放免治疗的核素研究进展

放射免疫治疗肿瘤具有独特优势,许多新的核素被用于制备肿瘤放免治疗药物.高能α、β粒子及抗肿瘤导向载体的应用促进了放免治疗药物的发展.本文介绍了用于放射免疫治疗的核素最新研究进展,归纳了用于放射免治疗的常用放射性核素,并比较了各自的优缺点,指出了放射性核素用于放射免疫治疗过程中存在的问题、可能的解决方法及今后的发展趋势.     

用于放免治疗的核素研究进展

放射免疫治疗肿瘤具有独特优势，许多新的核素被用于制备肿瘤放免治疗药物。高能α、β粒子及抗肿瘤导向载体的应用促进了放免治疗药物的发展。本文介绍了用于放射免疫治疗的核素最新研究进展，归纳了用于放射免治疗的常用放射性核素，并比较了各自的优缺点，指出了放射性核素用于放射免疫治疗过程中存在的问题、可能的解决方法及今后的发展趋势。     

肿瘤放射免疫疗法研究进展

放射免疫治疗是将针对肿瘤特异抗原的单克隆抗体用核素标记后,对肿瘤细胞进行的靶向治疗。在非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床治疗中,放射免疫治疗已经成为一种常规的治疗手段。在实体瘤中,因为核素标记的单克隆抗体的定位很有限,所以限制了该疗法的使用。虽然如此,放射性核素标记的抗体在治疗微小病灶中的应用前景看好。     

188Re在肿瘤治疗中的应用

概述了放射性核素188Re在肿瘤的骨转移治疗、放射免疫治疗、受体介导靶向治疗、腔内治疗及介入治疗等方面的应用,并简单介绍了188Re治疗肿瘤的机制及优势.     

ZevalinTM：一种放射免疫治疗新药

放射免疫治疗是放射性核素治疗的重要组成和研究的重点之一。Zevalin~(TM)第一个得到FDA批准的用于治疗复发或顽固性低度恶性非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的放射免疫治疗制剂。本文综述了该制剂的组成、治疗方案、药理作用机制、辐射剂量和临床试验结果等方面的内容。     

Zevalin^TM：一种放射免疫治疗新药

放射免疫治疗是放射性核素治疗的重要组成和研究的重点之一。Zevalin^TM是第一个得到FDA批准的用于治疗复发或顽固性低度恶性非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤的放射免疫治疗制剂。本综述了该制剂的组成、治疗方案、药理作用机制、辐射剂量和临床试验结果等方面的内容。     

^188Re在肿瘤治疗中的应用

概述了放射性核素^188Re在肿瘤的骨转移治疗、放射免疫治疗、受体介导靶向治疗、腔内治疗及介入治疗等方面的应用，并简单介绍了^188Re治疗肿瘤的机制及优势。     

肿瘤核素靶向治疗新进展

利用靶向分子将放射性核素定向导入肿瘤组织实现核素靶向治疗是肿瘤治疗的重要方法。利用单克隆抗体或小分子肽携带治疗性放射性核素,分别与肿瘤细胞表面表达丰富的抗原或受体特异性结合而开展放射免疫治疗或受体介导的核素治疗是靶向治疗的主要策略。近年来,这两种靶向治疗取得较大进展,部分已进入临床应用。随着靶向分子的不断出现、分子靶向技术的不断完善,肿瘤核素靶向治疗终将成为肿瘤治疗的重要方法。     

放射免疫治疗计划研究

放射免疫治疗计划是通过收集治疗前病人的特定信息如活度分布等来指导具体治疗，它的目的是病人的肿瘤灶得到治疗剂量的同时周围的重要器官在耐受量以内。本文总结和探讨了目前使用的各种放射免疫治疗计划及这些治疗计划中使用的活度定量方法、体积 和吸收剂量计算方法。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤的CD20分子显像及靶向治疗研究进展

应用放射性核素标记B淋巴细胞分化抗原CD20单抗或其重组片段,在分子水平实现对非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)显像和治疗,这将成为提高患者生存率的有效手段.该文介绍了CD20表面抗原的生物学特性及NHL抗CD20单抗的免疫治疗、放射免疫治疗以及放射免疫显像的研究进展.     

The potential of ytterbium 169 in brachytherapy: a brief physical and radiobiological assessment.

Ytterbium 169 (half-life 32 days; mean gamma emission 93 keV, after excluding photons of energy less than 10 keV) is a radionuclide with interesting potential for brachytherapy applications. Although not yet commercially available, its possible application as a clinical radionuclide is currently being considered by Amersham International. This article presents an assessment of some properties of the nuclide that may be clinically relevant. Use is made of some new ideas that allow quantification of the likely dose homogeneity that can be obtained in a brachytherapy distribution, and in this context ytterbium 169 is shown to be superior to some currently available brachytherapy nuclides. The assessment also uses recent extensions to the linear-quadratic model to consider the likely radiobiological implications associated with the use of the nuclide. From this it is suggested that the main potential for ytterbium 169 would be as a source that may be re-used for a number of short-term applications, rather than as a permanently implantable nuclide.     

Radiation therapy for prostate cancer

In Japan, where the mortality rate of prostate cancer is lower than in Western countries, radical prostatectomy or hormonal therapy has been applied more frequently than radiation therapy. However, the number of patients with prostate cancer has been increasing recently and the importance of radiation therapy has rapidly been recognized. Although there have been no randomized trials, results from several institutions in Western countries suggest that similar results of cancer control are achieved with either radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy. For higher-risk cases, conformal high-dose therapy or adjuvant hormonal therapy is more appropriate. In this article, the results of radiation therapy for prostate cancer were reviewed, with a view to the appropriate choice of therapy in Japan.     

溶瘤病毒在肝癌介入治疗中的应用

对于原发性肝癌,传统治疗模式疗效有限,基因治疗代表肿瘤治疗的发展方向.溶瘤病毒是一类具有复制能力的肿瘤杀伤型病毒,依靠病毒本身特异性在肿瘤细胞内的复制杀死并裂解肿瘤细胞.在溶瘤病毒的导入途径上,通常采取瘤内注射、经供血动脉注入的方法,而介入治疗技术正好能满足这一要求.因此,将溶瘤病毒和介入治疗技术有机地结合起来,有望在肝癌的治疗中取得突破.     

PET报告基因显像

运用正电子发射体层显像(PET)及相关的PET报告基因及报告探针的活体显像技术可提供关于基因治疗定量及定性的信息,并可提供其他技术不能获得的参数,这对更好地理解基因治疗的过程及人类基因治疗的未来发展及临床应用很有意义。     

光敏剂的临床应用及研究进展

光动力治疗（photodynamic therapy,PDT）是利用光敏剂在相应波长光照射下产生光动力反应治疗疾病的一种新技术。作为PDT中至关重要的因素,光敏剂的研究受到越来越多的重视。本文对目前临床常用光敏剂进行了总结和评价,并对新型光敏剂在光动力治疗中的应用研究进行了综述。     

The physical basis and future of radiation therapy

The remarkable progress in radiation therapy over the last century has been largely due to our ability to more effectively focus and deliver radiation to the tumour target volume. Physics discoveries and technology inventions have been an important driving force behind this progress. However, there is still plenty of room left for future improvements through physics, for example image guidance and four-dimensional motion management and particle therapy, as well as increased efficiency of more compact and cheaper technologies. Bigger challenges lie ahead of physicists in radiation therapy beyond the dose localisation problem, for example in the areas of biological target definition, improved modelling for normal tissues and tumours, advanced multicriteria and robust optimisation, and continuous incorporation of advanced technologies such as molecular imaging. The success of physics in radiation therapy has been based on the continued "fuelling" of the field with new discoveries and inventions from physics research. A key to the success has been the application of the rigorous scientific method. In spite of the importance of physics research for radiation therapy, too few physicists are currently involved in cutting-edge research. The increased emphasis on more "professionalism" in medical physics will tip the situation even more off balance. To prevent this from happening, we argue that medical physics needs more research positions, and more and better academic programmes. Only with more emphasis on medical physics research will the future of radiation therapy and other physics-related medical specialties look as bright as the past, and medical physics will maintain a status as one of the most exciting fields of applied physics.     

光动力疗法影响大鼠C6胶质瘤AQP4表达的实验研究

目的研究光动力疗法（photodynamic therapy,PDT）治疗大鼠c6脑胶质瘤后水通道蛋白4（aquaporin4,AQP4）的变化,并探究其与脑水肿之间的关系。。方法培养C6胶质瘤细胞,建立c6大鼠胶质瘤模型,分成PDT组、单纯激光照射组、单纯光敏剂组、空白对照组进行实验,术后24h分别用鼠脑干湿重法及Westernblot进行脑水肿对比和AQP4蛋白定量测定。结果PDT组鼠脑组织含水量大于其他三组,而单纯激光照射组与单纯光敏剂组之间无明显差异,但大于空白对照组。AQP4与脑水肿密切相关。AQP4在PDT组表达明显高于单纯激光照射组和单纯光敏剂组,远高于空白对照组。结论光动力治疗脑胶质瘤可加重脑水肿的发生,AQP4在光动力治疗脑胶质瘤术后表达增高,与脑水肿成正相关。AQP4介导了光动力治疗脑胶质瘤术后脑水肿的加重,因而调控AQP4的表达有可能成为光动力治疗脑胶质瘤的新的探索方向。     

Zelluläre Mechanismen der Tumorresponse

Diseases caused by cancer have become more common due to an increase in life-expectation, but the probability of reaching an old age with or without a tumor disease is still increasing. According to the statistics of the German Cancer register, at present more than half of cancer patients survive for at least 5 years after cancer has been diagnosed. Many tumors can be cured using innovative neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy regimes, but the options for palliative therapy have also been improved. This leads to an increasing importance of the evaluation of the tumor response using imaging techniques. Classically, tumor response is measured by imaging using the RECIST (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors) criteria, which define the changes in size of the tumor during therapy. However, there is increasingly more evidence that RECIST as the only measure of tumor response, does not document tumor response for all tumor entities and especially not for many medications known as targeted therapy. This article gives a review of the principles and mode of effect of various therapy regimes as well as the clinical demands on imaging techniques.     

Californium-252: isotope for modern radiotherapy of cervix, uterine and vaginal carcinomas

Cf-252 is an isotope that can easily be after loaded into available gynecological applicators and used for bulky cervix, uterus or vaginal cancer therapy. It is economical, time and cost effective in use, and can be applied to the therapy of many patients throughout the world. It is more effective for neutron therapy than machine fast neutron therapy and is the only form of neutron therapy producing consistent complication-free 5-year cure of advanced cancers currently available. Cf-252 is an isotope for modern gynecological tumor therapy for the future. Isodose curves for Cf-252 implants revealed dose distributions conforming well to tumor.