泌尿生殖道感染2818例支原体检出情况及耐药分析

目的了解无锡市第二人民医院泌尿生殖道支原体感染及药敏情况。方法采用法国梅里埃支原体IST试剂盒,对泌尿生殖道标本进行支原体培养及药敏试验。结果所有2818例标本中共检出支原体阳性967例,总阳性率34．3％。其中单独解脲支原体（Uu）阳性778例（27．6％）,单独人型支原体（Mh）阳性30例（1．1％）,Uu和Mh混合阳性159例（5．6％）,女性标本阳性率为45．3％,男性阳性率为29．9％,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。药敏结果表明,原始霉素、交沙霉素、强力霉素、四环素的耐药率较低,环丙沙星耐药率较高。结论男性和女性患者的生殖道支原体感染都以解脲支原体为主,人型支原体不多见。治疗支原体感染的首选抗生素为交沙霉素、强力霉素。     

女性泌尿生殖道支原体属感染及药敏分析

目的 了解支原体属在女性泌尿生殖道中的感染率及对抗菌药物的药敏率.方法 采用支原体属鉴定、药敏试剂盒检测患者泌尿生殖道分泌物,分析患者的支原体属感染与临床资料的关系及药敏试验结果.结果 368例观察组患者中146例支原体属培养阳性,阳性率为39.7％,200例对照组中45例支原体属培养阳性,阳性率22.5％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);文化程度低、性生活过于频繁以及反复流产均增加支原体属感染风险(P＜0.05);四环素和大环内酯类药物对女性泌尿生殖道支原体属感染敏感性好.结论 支原体属感染已成为泌尿生殖道感染的主要病原体之一,对泌尿生殖道感染患者应及时进行支原体属培养及药敏试验,指导临床合理用药,以有效提高治愈率和控制耐药菌株的产生.     

Observations on experimental inactivated vaccines for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

In two trials the efficacy of inactivated vaccines against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia was tested by exposing vaccinated cattle to droplet infection provided by close contact with experimentally infected 'donors'. Complete protection was given by an extreme form of vaccination in which a heavy suspension of killed Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant was given in two large doses. 'Mouse-protective antibody' (MPA) was also produced, i.e. serum transferred to mice 2-4 h before intraperitoneal challenge prevented the development of mycoplasmaemia. However, the study did not answer the question 'Is MPA protective for cattle?'. No protection was given by a milder form of vaccination in which a lighter suspension of killed mycoplasmas emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant was given in a comparatively small dose on a single occasion.     

Mycoplasmas in humans: significance of Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Isolation of mycoplasmas from clinical specimens has resulted in compelling evidence that in addition to M. pneumoniae, the documented pathogen, the T strain mycoplasmas are not always benign commensals colonizing the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract of men and women, but may be actively involved in infection with sequelae expressed as nongonococcal urethritis and some form of reproductive wastage such as infertility, spontaneous abortion and premature births.     

泌尿生殖道支原体、衣原体感染检测及药敏试验

目的了解本地区泌尿生殖道感染患者沙眼衣原体(CT)、人支原体(MH)感染状况,感染人群中性别、年龄的分布及支原体耐药谱.方法应用法国生物-梅里埃公司提供的IST2试剂盒检测支原体耐药谱.结果1 026例患者中检出衣原体、支原体阳性者共816例,总感染率为79.53%;其中CT感染率15.46%,解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染率48.83%,MH感染率11.90%;男女性别感染率分别为39.83%和60.17%;经统计学处理,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);衣原体、支原体感染以中青年(20～40岁)为主,占阳性患者的57.60%;对支原体敏感的药物有多西环素、普那霉素(原始霉素)、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素等.结论解脲脲支原体是常见的泌尿生殖道感染病原菌,药敏试验可用于筛选敏感药物,以便指导临床医生合理应用抗生素.     

436例泌尿生殖道支原体属感染检测及药敏分析

目的探讨泌尿生殖道支原体属对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法应用支原体属试剂盒对泌尿生殖道标本进行支原体培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果 436份标本中,支原体属检出率为64.2%;其中解脲脲支原体(Uu)、人支原体(Mh)、Uu和Mh混合感染阳性率分别为36.7%、1.8%、25.7%;Uu对抗菌药物敏感率>80.0%的有多西环素、米诺环素、交沙霉素、克拉霉素,其敏感率分别为96.3%、96.2%、96.2%、95.0%;而Mh及Uu+Mh混合感染对抗菌药物的敏感性普遍降低。结论泌尿生殖道支原体对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,应予以重视。     

Observations on experimental inactivated vaccines for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

In two trials the efficacy of inactivated vaccines against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia was tested by exposing vaccinated cattle to droplet infection provided by close contact with experimentally infected ''donors''. Complete protection was given by an extreme form of vaccination in which a heavy suspension of killed Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides emulsified with Freund''s complete adjuvant was given in two large doses. ''Mouse-protective antibody'' (MPA) was also produced, i.e. serum transferred to mice 2-4 h before intraperitoneal challenge prevented the development of mycoplasmaemia. However, the study did not answer the question ''Is MPA protective for cattle?''. No protection was given by a milder form of vaccination in which a lighter suspension of killed mycoplasmas emulsified with Freund''s incomplete adjuvant was given in a comparatively small dose on a single occasion.     

支原体属感染与女性继发性不孕的相关性调查

目的 探讨支原体属感染与女性继发性不孕的关系,进一步研究不同种属支原体与女性继发性不孕相关性差异.方法 随机选取2010年1月-2011年6月医院妇科病房收治的继发性不孕患者96例做为观察组;同期来医院行健康体检的103例女性作为对照组,就两组支原体属检出率及计数进行比较并行分析.结果 观察组支原体属感染检测解脲脲支原体(Uu)、人支原体(Mh)、Uu+ Mh阳性率分别为64.6％、21.8％、16.7％,明显高于对照组的12.6％、8.7％、5.8％,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组Uu计数＞104 CFU的为49例,与对照组的8例比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);输卵管性不孕组Uu阳性率高于非输卵管性不孕组,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),输卵管性不孕组和非输卵管性不孕组的Mh阳性率差异无统计学意义.结论 支原体属感染与女性继发性不孕关系密切,Uu是女性继发性不孕主要致病支原体属.     

泌尿生殖道患者支原体属感染的鉴定及药敏分析

目的 了解泌尿生殖道患者解脲脲支原体(Uu)、人支原体(Mh)感染对抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床诊断及治疗提供试验数椐.方法 对557例泌尿生殖道患者进行支原体属培养鉴定及14种抗菌药物敏感性试验.结果 557例患者中,支原体属阳性350例,阳性率为62.84％;Uu、Mh及Uu+ Mh混合感染的阳性率分别为58.53％、2.87％及1.44％,男性感染率为43.17％,女性感染率为76.36％;支原体属对14种抗菌药物敏感性较高的是多西环素、米诺环素、加替沙星、甲砜霉素、交沙霉素、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、培氟沙星;药物敏感性较低的是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、克林霉素、左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、地红霉素和环丙沙星.结论 支原体属药敏结果各地均不完全相同,对于支原体属感染应尽量做培养及药敏试验,为临床提供帮助.     

Results of follow-up of human contacts of bovine tuberculosis in cattle during 1993-7 in North Staffordshire

The purpose of the study was to describe the results of follow up of human contacts of bovine tuberculosis. The bovine tuberculosis cases occurred on farms in North Staffordshire between 1993 and 1997. A total of 162 people were identified as having close contact with cattle diagnosed as having bovine tuberculosis, or who had drunk unpasteurized milk from a herd with bovine tuberculosis. A retrospective review of chest clinic notes was performed. One hundred and thirty-eight people attended for follow up, and Heaf test results, necessity for chest X-ray and further clinical follow-up are described. No case of human Mycobacterium bovis infection was identified. It is suggested that follow-up of human contacts is limited to those with close contact with herds who have bovine tuberculosis and cattle with visible pulmonary lesions or evidence of udder infection. Children on the farms with affected cattle should also be offered BCG in advance of the routine school's programme.     

女性泌尿生殖道感染患者解脲脲支原体与人支原体培养及耐药性分析

目的 了解女性泌尿生殖道感染患者解脲脲支原体（Uu）和人支原体（Mh）感染及耐药情况。方法 采用支原体鉴定药敏试剂盒,对813例女性泌尿生殖道感染患者进行培养及药敏试验。结果 813例患者中检出Uu阳性296例（36.4%）,Mh阳性13例（1.6%）,Uu＋Mh阳性71例（8.7%）,总检出率46.7%（380例）;药敏结果表明,Uu与Mh对交沙霉素、多西环素、米诺环素等较为敏感,对氧氟沙星耐药率最高。结论 女性泌尿生殖道Uu和Mh感染率很高,主要以Uu为主,Uu和Mh对多种抗菌药物耐药,其中以氧氟沙星为最高,单纯Uu、Mh和Uu＋Mh的耐药率存在一定差异,治疗支原体感染以交沙霉素、多西环素、米诺环素最好。     

女性泌尿生殖道感染支原体属的分布及耐药性分析

目的 探讨女性泌尿生殖道感染支原体属的菌种分布及对抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床医师抗感染治疗用药提供参考依据.方法 对女性泌尿生殖道感染患者进行支原体属培养和药敏试验,支原体属培养采用法国生物梅里埃公司生产的Mycoplasma IST2支原体检测与药敏试剂盒.结果 2431例女性患者中,支原体属检测阳性率为51.0％;其中解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染率最高,占80.8％,人支原体(Mh)感染占1.7％,Uu和Mh混合感染率占1 7.5％;支原体属耐药率最高的是环丙沙星、氧氟沙星,耐药率最低的是普那霉素、多西环素和交沙霉素.结论 女性泌尿生殖道解脲脲支原体感染的发病率最高,应加以重点预防控制.     

泌尿生殖道分离支原体及其耐药性

目的了解某地区泌尿生殖道分离支原体及其药敏情况,为临床合理治疗提供依据。方法对2008—2014年该院57 904例门诊患者泌尿生殖道标本进行解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)培养、鉴定及药敏试验。结果 57 904例泌尿生殖道感染患者,21 614例(37.33%)培养阳性,女性支原体分离率为42.14%(18 917/44 889),男性为20.72%(2 697/13 015);支原体培养阳性人群主要集中在21~40岁。Uu、Mh混合感染患者中,以Uu≥104 CFU/mL、Mh104 CFU/mL的感染组合占相对优势(69.35%)。药敏结果显示支原体对多西环素、交沙霉素、四环素的耐药率较低(10%);Mh培养阳性者对多西环素、红霉素、克拉霉素、罗红霉素的耐药率均高于仅Uu培养阳性者,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论门诊患者中支原体感染/携带率女性高于男性,Uu和Mh的药敏谱不一致,交沙霉素和多西环素可作为治疗支原体感染非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎的首选药物。     

不孕不育患者支原体感染情况和耐药率分析

目的探讨本地区不孕不育患者解脲支原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,UU)和人型支原体(Mycoplasma hominis,MH)感染率和耐药率,以期了解支原体在该人群流行情况和耐药率变化情况,为治疗选择合适的抗菌药物。方法对2012年1月-2013年11月期间济宁市第一人民医院生殖科门诊4 266例不孕不育患者培养法检测UU和MH,并对1 557例阳性标本行体外药敏实验,分析其耐药现状。结果不孕不育患者支原体总感染率为36.5%,UU感染率显著高于MH感染率(P0.01)。男性和女性生殖道支原体感染率分别为31.8%、45.4%,女性支原体感染率显著高于男性(P0.01)。生殖道支原体对喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率相对较高,对大环内酯类和四环素类耐药率较低。2013年支原体对12种抗菌药物的耐药率同比多数降低。MH对多数抗菌药物耐药率均较高,对美满霉素、强力霉素药物高度敏感。结论不孕不育患者具有较高的UU和MH感染率,支原体对常用抗菌药物有一定耐药性,临床应根据药敏结果有选择性地使用抗菌药物。     

Demonstration of cross-reactive antigens in F38 and related mycoplasmas by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting

The ELISA and an immunoblotting technique were used to study F38-type mycoplasmas - an important cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia - and a number of related mycoplasma species, subspecies, types or serogroups. Two-way ELISA cross-reactivity was demonstrated between five mycoplasmas, namely strain F38, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC strain), M. equigenitalium, M. primatum and bovine serogroup 7. In addition one-way cross-reactivity was demonstrated between F38 and each of the following mycoplasmas: M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (two SC strains), M. mycoides subsp. capri, and bovine serogroup L. F38 and M. capricolum did not cross-react. Immunoblot analysis, unlike ELISA, revealed that F38 and M. capricolum were closely related. At least four major protein antigens were shared between F38, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (SC and LC strains), M. mycoides subsp. capri and bovine serogroup 7. The ELISA cross-reactions (above) shown by M. equigenitalium and M. primatum with each other, with F38 and with other mycoplasmas were not apparent by immunoblotting.     

1 203例泌尿生殖道衣原体和支原体感染检测及药敏分析

目的回顾本地区泌尿生殖道患者感染沙眼衣原体(CT)和解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(MH)的分布状况;了解支原体对12种抗生素体外药物敏感试验的现状。方法对1203例泌尿生殖道感染患者标本进行沙眼衣原体(CT)检测、支原体(Uu、MH)培养及药敏试验。结果1203例检测标本中,CT、Uu、MH三种病原体,总感染率为61.9%(745例),男性44.3%(221例),女性70.9%(524例)。其中CT总检出率13.7%(165例);单纯Uu感染女性(46.4%)大于男性(28.1%),Uu MH混合感染女性(12.55%)大于男性(2.4%),两者均有显著性差异。Uu对强力霉素、美满霉素、交沙霉素、环脂红霉素、克拉霉素敏感率大于90%,而对喹诺酮类的敏感率均小于50%;Uu MH混合感染对罗红霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星100%不敏感,其对药物的敏感性比单纯Uu感染存在差异。结论泌尿生殖道感染以Uu为主,其次为CT及Uu MH混合感染,女性感染率比男性高。Uu、Uu MH对抗生素的敏感性不同。对泌尿生殖道感染患者及时进行Uu和MH培养及耐药性监测,指导临床合理使用抗生素具有重要意义。     

女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药性的变迁

目的研究女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药性变迁。方法对2002年及2004年就诊的女性泌尿生殖道感染患者进行支原体培养及药敏检测,并对药物敏感性的变化进行分析。结果 2002年117例支原体培养阳性患者中,解脲支原体 (Uu)占82．9％,人型支原体(Mh)占2．6％,Uu与Mh混合感染占14．5％;2004年126例支原体培养阳性患者中,Uu占83．3％, Mh占4．0％,Uu与Mh混合感染占12．7％。2004年组与2002年组相比,支原体对美满霉素、强力霉素、交沙霉素的耐药率明显增高,对罗红霉素、阿齐霉素、克林霉素、氧氟沙星、司帕沙星、左旋沙星无明显改变。敏感率较高的依次为美满霉素、强力霉素、交沙霉素。结论支原体的耐药率高,且随着时间的变化,其耐药性也在发生变化。治疗支原体感染时尽量根据药敏结果用药。     

Demonstration of cross-reactive antigens in F38 and related mycoplasmas by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting.

The ELISA and an immunoblotting technique were used to study F38-type mycoplasmas - an important cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia - and a number of related mycoplasma species, subspecies, types or serogroups. Two-way ELISA cross-reactivity was demonstrated between five mycoplasmas, namely strain F38, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC strain), M. equigenitalium, M. primatum and bovine serogroup 7. In addition one-way cross-reactivity was demonstrated between F38 and each of the following mycoplasmas: M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (two SC strains), M. mycoides subsp. capri, and bovine serogroup L. F38 and M. capricolum did not cross-react. Immunoblot analysis, unlike ELISA, revealed that F38 and M. capricolum were closely related. At least four major protein antigens were shared between F38, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (SC and LC strains), M. mycoides subsp. capri and bovine serogroup 7. The ELISA cross-reactions (above) shown by M. equigenitalium and M. primatum with each other, with F38 and with other mycoplasmas were not apparent by immunoblotting.     

370例女性继发性不孕症患者支原体感染分析

目的 分析继发性不孕症女性支原体感染状况,为临床诊治提供参考.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,选取解放军广州总医院生殖中心门诊就诊的继发性不孕症女性患者370例作为不孕组,将同期半年内自然受孕女性300例作为对照组.收集2组患者妇科检查数据及解脲支原体和人型支原体培养结果,对所有数据进行统计学分析.结果 不孕组患者解脲支原体和人型支原体的阳性率分别为57.8%和7.6%,高于对照组(20.0%和1.7%)(P均<0.05);不孕组患者单项感染206例(55.7%),混合感染18例(4.9%);不孕组支原体阳性患者其输卵管堵塞、子宫内膜病变、盆腔粘连及流产史的发生率显著高于阴性者(P均<0.05).结论 继发性不孕症患者支原体感染率高,且支原体感染者盆腔输卵管病变发生率增高,提示支原体感染可能是继发性不孕症发病的重要因素之一,育龄妇女应加强支原体的筛查和治疗.     

泌尿生殖道炎的病原检查研究

目的　探讨泌尿生殖道炎多种病原学检查的意义。　方法　沙眼衣原体 (CT)抗原检查采用金标法 ,解脲支原体 (UU)和人型支原体 (MH)的检查采用培养法 ,奈瑟淋球菌 (NG)的检查采用革兰氏染色法。　结果　 10 0例被检者中 ,一种病原体阳性率 35 % ,两种或两种以上病原体阳性率 2 9% ,总阳性率达 6 4 % ,一种和多种病原体阳性率之间差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 .82 7,P>0 .0 5 ) ;CT检出率为 16 % ,UU检出率为 39% ,MH检出率为 18% ,NG检出率为 30 %。　结论　泌尿生殖道炎患者解脲支原体和淋球菌的感染率较高 ,可同时由多种病原感染引起 ;对于此类患者有必要同时进行多种病原检查